1、完形填空解题高分策略完形填空是一道综合性高考英语试题，兼有阅读理解和单项填空双重特点。它集词法、句法、逻辑分析以及事理与常识于一体，具有较高的英语能力检测功能和试题难度。完形填空旨在考查学生的语篇理解能力。做这样的题，要求考生具备扎实的语言基础、良好的语篇领悟和语境分析能力。 一、 解题方法 根据完形填空的命题思想、答题要求及题型特点，考生解题时应注意以下几个方面。 1. 注意短文首句，它是了解全文大意的窗口。文章的第一句往往是该篇的主题句，它可以为我们提供解题的基本信息。做完形填空题需要联想，而第一句就给了你联想的翅膀，能让你在想象的天空自由飞翔。因此，要尽量从中捕捉更多的信息。 2. 答题
2、前，要通读全文，而不要急于逐一作出选择。完形填空不同于单项选择，它要求考生根据短文内容和上下文情景，作出符合语篇情节和逻辑的正确选择。因此解题时，千万不要只拘泥于空格所在的句子，尤其是开篇的前几空。有的选择甚至需要读完全篇才能知道答案。当然，第一遍阅读时，对于那些较明显的答案，也可以做出同步选择；而对那些一时还不能确定的选项，待读完一遍后再做，可以大大地提高正确率。 3. 做完形填空题需要联想（这不同于做阅读理解） ，随时设想所遇到空白中应该出现的内容，而后再以该题选项来验证自己的推测，做出调整或修正。因此在解题过程中，要做到瞻前顾后，左右联系，整体理解。如前所述，完形填空的 4 个选项通常都
3、属于相同的词类和同一范畴，从语法上都能填入空格，唯一的依据就是上下文的逻辑联系。所以，对全篇文意的整体理解是做好完形填空的关键。 4. 得出全部答案后，再通读全文，校对答案。这时要一气呵成，对短文的大意和情节形成一个整体明白的印象，以便查出错误，及时改正。 二、 高考题解题示范 （2007 年山东卷） Life is filled with challenges. As we get older we 36 realize that those challenges are the very things that 37 us and made us who we are. It is the
4、 same with the challenges that come with 38 . When we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two 39 . we can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing 40 the challenge isnt worth the 41 and call it quits. Although there certainly 42 when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in m
5、ost 43 all that is needed is 44 and communication. When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how 45_ or how comfortable something is, we will always choose to 46 it and work it through instead of running away from it. Communication is making a 47_ for discussion and talking about h
6、ow yo9u feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong. 48 you can say to a friend, “I got my feeling hurt,” 49 “You hurt my feeling,” you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster. In dealing with the many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for
7、 50 they are: small hurdles you need to jump or 51 on your way through life. Nothing is so big that it is 52 to get over, and hurt only 53 to make us stronger. It is all part of growing up, it 54 to everyone, and some day you will 55 all of this and say, “Hard as it was, it made me who I am today. A
8、nd that is a good thing.” 36. A. seems to B. come to C. hope to D. try to 37. A. design B. promote C. direct D. shape 38. A. confidence B. pressure C. friendship D. difficulty 39. A. opportunities B. expectation C. choices D. aspects 40. A. demanding B. deserving C. predicting D. presenting 41. A. c
9、omment B. loss C. trouble D. expense 42. A. spans B. times C. dates D. ages 43. A. cases B. fields C. parts D. occasions 44. A. assessment B. commitment C. encouragement D. adjustment 45. A. doubtful B. shameful C. harmful D. painful 46. A. keep B. control C. face D. catch 47. A. space B. plan C. to
10、pic D. room 48. A. If B. As C. While D. Unless 49. A. other than B. rather than C. or rather D. or else 50. A. what B. who C. where D. which 51. A. pass by B. come across C. get through D. run over 52. A. unnecessary B. necessary C. impossible D. possible 53. A. serves B. means C. aims D. attempts 5
11、4. A. opens B. appeals C. goes D. happens 55. A. look down on B. look back on C. look forward to D. look up to 【答案与解题步骤和技巧】 3640 BDCCD 4145 CBABD 4650 CAABA 5155 CCADB 第一步，通过第一句了解文章大意。句子虽不长，它却告诉我们本篇的主题思想，即人生充满着挑战；同时读者会根据这个主题对后面的内容作出以下预测：（1）人生都充满着哪些挑战？（2）人们应该怎样去应对这些挑战？（3）这些挑战对我们的成长都有什么好处或弊端？等等。 第二步，通
12、读全文，了解大意，掌握作者对该主题的基本观点和阐释，从而确定答题的大致方向。由于从第一段第二句起就已经被挖空，再加上对整篇的信息还不甚了解，所以一开始不要贸然填入答案，等读到后面对作者的整个思路和意图都比较明确的时候再回头，如第 38空必须读到最后一段第一句时才能确定。但是 36 和 37 空可以根据所在句子的意思，加上第一句的注意思想和逻辑分析，就可以选出答案。 第三步，通读全文后，再回头有选择地阅读，并逐项选出答案。在做完形填空时，还可以采用一些具体的小技巧，有人称作“微型技巧” 。这些技巧针对具体试题的特点，采用相应的办法进行解答，具有简单易行、实用有效的特点。常用的微型技巧有： 1.
13、根据语境推知答案； 2. 根据上下文推知答案； 3. 根据语言的感情色彩推知答案； 4. 根据句型特点推知答案； 5. 根据事理逻辑预设答案； 6. 根据语法和习惯用法得出答案； 7. 根据词语的褒贬推知答案； 8. 根据作者的感情倾向推知答案； 9. 根据语气词或关联词 generally, luckily, finally, however, on the contrary, also, therefore, otherwise 等推知答案；10. 根据连词 and, but, or 和 so 所提供的递进、转折、选择和因果关系找答案，等等。 现在你已熟知大意，此时采用包括上面提到的微技巧
14、，答题自然就快多了。限于篇幅，下面只对几个典型的题例进行分析。 根据第 36 空所在句中的 older 可知，这里指的是人逐渐长大的过程，说明对人生挑战的认识也是随着这个过程逐渐发生的；再分析对比四个选项，便会发现只有 come to 具有“逐渐”的意思，由此可知答案是 B。 第 49 空的前半部分说 you can say to a friend, “I got my feeling hurt,” 可见后面的内容是被否定的，由此可知答案是B（rather than 而不是） 。 第 52 空的句意不难理解，但究竟选择肯定还是选择否定含义的选项，就必须根据作者的态度和情感倾向了。首先，友谊过程
15、中遇到的障碍是肯定需要克服的，所以 A 和 B 可排除；同时作者一直在正面谈论怎样面对挑战，所以对于任何困难，他/她一定会认为是能够克服的，可见答案是 C。句子意思是：没有什么（困难）会大得不可能克服。 （2007 年上海卷） Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo（单独） space flights were given plenty of work to keep them 45 . They were also in constant communic
16、ation with people on the earth. 46 , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine（潜水艇）voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustments under such conditions?
17、Scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of 48 is. When men are 49 together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behavi
18、ng that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 . Apparently, although no one wants to be 51 all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together, they are in what is called a stress
19、 situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of 52 or stress. People who are well-adjusted are able to 53 stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in 54 our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the thing
20、s tested is their hebaviour under stress. 45. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy 46. A. So far B. After all C. However D. Therefore 47. A. long B. fast C. dangerous D. direct 48. A. fuel B. entertainment C. adjustment D. health 49. A. shut up B. held up C. brought up D. picked up 50. A. pleasin
21、g B. annoying C. common D. valuable 51. A. noisy B. alone C. personal D. sociable 52. A. emphasis B. conflict C. power D. pressure 53. A. handle B. create C. affect D. investigate 54. A. becoming B. choosing C. ordering D. promoting 答案与解析： 本文由孤独令人感到可怕引出相反的一种情形：当你不得不与他人长时间呆在一块时，那情景将会更可怕。本篇的特点是，仅从第一句不
22、能判断本文主要讲的是什么，它只是为了强调主题而作的一种“退一步是为了进三步”似的铺垫。 45. D，根据上文和逻辑推理得出答案。文章开篇就说“独自一人在太空是很可怕的” ，这是因为孤独的原因。接着说“这就是为什么要给宇航员大量工作做的原因之一” ，这是为什么呢？结合选项进行逻辑分析，只有“不停地做事使之在忙碌中忘却孤独”才符合语境和逻辑。 46. C，根据转折关系推知答案。前面一句说孤独可怕，本句则说不得不与他人呆在一块更艰难，可见语义已经转折，四个选项中只有however 表转折意义，所以答案是 C。 47. A，根据上下文和相关副词推知答案。前面一句说这样的事会发生在“长途”潜水旅程中，第
23、 49 空所在句也提到了 a long period；同时根据本句中的副词 also 可知，这样的事也会发生在未来的长途太空飞行中。这里 also 传递了一种递进和并联关系。 48. C，根据上文推知答案。第一段结束时说在那样的情况下“调整”有什么特别的困难吗？第二段接着说科学家研究的结果表明：这样的旅程持续得越长， “调整”就越严峻。这是接着第一段的问题进行讨论，答案必须与 adjustment 紧密关联。 49. A，根据语篇主题和常识推知答案。语篇主要内容是在潜水艇里与别人长期呆在一块导致的不安和烦躁，根据常识可知此时人是被关在潜水舱里的，所以应该用 shut up“关闭” 。 50. B，根据关联词 however 推知答案。前一句说“每个人都有想和别人说话的习惯而且通常也是可以接受的” ，但是接下来的句子中的however 告诉我们：长时间地呆在狭小的空间里肯定是不愉快的。由此可知这里是一个贬义词，而四个选项中只有 annoying（烦人的；讨厌的）是贬义词，而且符合语境。 51. B， 根据关联词 although 推知答案。该空所在句子的主句
