1、-_政府工作报告2013 年 3 月 5 日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上国务院总理 温家宝各位代表：现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年的政府工作，并对今年工作提出建议，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。一、过去五年工作回顾I. Review of Work in the Past Five Years第十一届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。The past five years since the First Session of the Eleventh National Peoples Congress were a truly
2、extraordinary period oftime in the course of Chinas development.我们有效应对国际金融危机的严重冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展。We effectively countered the severe impact of the global financial crisis and maintained steady and fast economic development.国内生产总值从 26.6 万亿元增加到 51.9 万亿元，跃升到世界第二位；Chinas GDP increased from 26.6 trillion yua
3、n to 51.9 trillion yuan, and now ranks second in the world.公共财政收入从 5.1 万亿元增加到 11.7 万亿元；Government revenue went up from 5.1 trillion yuan to 11.7 trillion yuan.累计新增城镇就业 5870 万人，A total of 58.7 million urban jobs were created.城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别增长 8.8%、9.9% ；The per capita disposable income of u
4、rban residents rose by an annual average of 8.8%, and the per capita net income of rural residents rose by 9.9%.-_粮食产量实现“九连增” ；Grain output increased for the ninth consecutive year in 2012.重要领域改革取得新进展，开放型经济达到新水平；Progress was made in key areas of reform; and the open economy reached a new stage of de
5、velopment.创新型国家建设取得新成就，载人航天、探月工程、载人深潜、北斗卫星导航系统、超级计算机、高速铁路等实现重大突破，第一艘航母“辽宁舰”入列；We made China more innovative. Breakthroughs were made in developing manned spaceflight and the lunar exploration program, building a manned deep-sea submersible, launching the Beidou Navigation Satellite System, developin
6、g supercomputers and building high-speed railways. Chinas first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, was commissioned.成功举办北京奥运会、残奥会和上海世博会；We successfully hosted the Games of the XXIX Olympiad and the XIII Paralympic Games in Beijing and the World Expo in Shanghai.夺取抗击汶川特大地震、玉树强烈地震、舟曲特大山洪泥石流等严重自然灾害和灾后恢复重建
7、重大胜利。We successfully mitigated the impact of the massive Wenchuan earthquake, the strong Yushu earthquake, the huge Zhugqu mudslide and other natural disasters and carried out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.我国社会生产力和综合国力显著提高，人民生活水平和社会保障水平显著提高，国际地位和国际影响力显著提高。Chinas productive forces and ove
8、rall national strength, its living standards and social security, and its international status and influence all improved significantly.我们圆满完成“十一五” 规划，顺利实施“ 十二五”规划。We successfully completed the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and got off to a good start in implementing the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.社会主义经济建设、政治
9、建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设取得重大进展，谱写了中国特色社会主义事业新篇章。We made significant socialist economic, political, cnltural, social, and ecological progress, and wrote a new chapter in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.五年来的主要工作及特点：The following are the main work we accomplished over the past five years and
10、 its main features:一是有效应对国际金融危机，促进经济平稳较快发展。I. Effectively responding to the globalfinancial crisis and promoting steady and rapid economic development-_过去五年，我们是在持续应对国际金融危机严重冲击中走过来的。这场危机来势之猛、扩散之快、影响之深，百年罕见。In the past five years, we averted the grievous consequences of the global financial crisis, wh
11、ose abruptness, rapid spread and profound impact were rarely seen in the past century.我们沉着应对，及时果断调整宏观调控着力点，出台进一步扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快增长的十项措施，全面实施一揽子计划。We responded to the crisis calmly, made timely and decisive adjustments to the focus of macro-control, adopted ten measures to increase domestic demand and p
12、romote steady and rapid economic growth, and implemented a comprehensive package plan.两年新增 4 万亿元投资，其中中央财政投资 1.26 万亿元，主要用于保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、基础设施、社会事业、生态环保、自主创新等方面建设和灾后恢复重建。In a two-year period, an additional four trillion yuan of government investment was made, with 1.26 trillion yuan from the central g
13、overnment, mainly for building government-subsidized housing, improving rural peoples well-being, building infrastructure, developing social programs, improving the environment, promoting innovation, and carrying out post-disaster recovery and reconstruction.五年来：Over the past five years:新建各类保障性住房 18
14、00 多万套，棚户区改造住房 1200 多万套；More than 18 million government-subsidized housing units of various types were built, and over 12 million housing units in run-down areas were upgraded.完成大中型和重点小型水库除险加固 1.8 万座，治理重点中小河流 2.45 万公里，新增节水灌溉面积 770 万公顷；A total of 18,000 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs
15、 were reinforced, 24,500 kilometers of key small and medium-length rivers were harnessed, and water-saving irrigated farmland was increased by 7.7 million hectares.新增铁路里程 1.97 万公里，其中高速铁路 8951 公里，A total of 19,700 kilometers of new rail lines were built, 8,951 kilometers of which are high-speed railw
16、ays.京沪、京广、哈大等高铁和一批城际铁路相继投入运营；The high-speed Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou and Harbin-Dalian railways and a number of intercity railways were opened to traffic.新增公路 60.9 万公里，其中高速公路 4.2 万公里，高速公路总里程达 9.56 万公里；A total of 609,000 kilometers of new roads were built, 42,000 kilometers of which are ex
17、pressways, increasing the total length of expressways in service to 95,600 kilometers.-_新建机场 31 个；新增万吨级港口泊位 602 个；Thirty-one airports and 602 shipping berths for 10,000-ton ships were built.一批跨江跨海大桥、连岛工程相继建成；A number of bridges over rivers and bays and linking islands with other islands and the main
18、land were completed.西气东输、西电东送、南水北调等重大工程顺利推进或建成；Smooth progress was made in major projects such as those for transporting natural gas and electricity from the west to the east and diverting water from the south to the north, and some of the projects have been completed.非化石能源快速发展，水电、风电装机位居世界第一；Non-fos
19、sil energy production developed rapidly, and China now ranks first in the world in the installed capacity of both hydropower and wind power.重建后的汶川、玉树、舟曲等灾区发生了翻天覆地的变化。Reconstruction of the Wenchuan, Yushu and Zhugqu disaster areas transformed them completely.这些举世瞩目的成就，对我们有效应对国际金融危机严重冲击发挥了至关重要的作用，为经济社
20、会长远发展打下了坚实基础，已经并将继续造福亿万人民。These impressive achievements played a vital role in our effective response to the severe impact of the global financial crisis, and laid a solid foundation for sustaining Chinas economic and social development. They have benefited and will continue to benefit hundreds of m
21、illions ofpeople.我们始终注重处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系，增强宏观政策的前瞻性、科学性、有效性，注意把握好政策的取向、力度和重点。We always strove to maintain a balance between ensuring steady and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations. We made government macro policies more forwa
22、rd-looking, scientific and effective and implemented them with proper orientation, force and focus.在国际金融危机冲击最严重时，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，综合运用多种财政政策工具，增加政府支出，实行结构性减税；有效运用存款准备金率、利率等货币政策工具，保持货币信贷合理增长。When the impact of the global financial crisis was at its worst, we resolutely implemented a proactive fi
23、scal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, employed a full range of financial policy tools, increased government spending and made structural tax reductions. We effectively employed monetary policy instruments such as adjusting required reserve ratios and interest rates to maintain proper gr
24、owth in the money and credit supply.根据宏观经济走势的变化，我们及时调整政策力度，适时退出刺激政策，实施积极的财政-_政策和稳健的货币政策。In response to changing macroeconomic trends, we promptly adjusted the intensity of policy implementation, reduced the force of stimulus policies at an appropriate time, and implemented a proactive fiscal policy
25、and a prudent monetary policy.在财政政策运用上，坚持统筹兼顾，注重综合平衡。We took a holistic and balanced approach in employing fiscal policy.财政赤字占国内生产总值的比重从 2009 年的 2.8%降到去年的 1.5%左右，赤字率和债务负担率保持在安全水平。加强地方政府性债务全面审计和地方政府融资平台管理，有效控制经济运行中的风险隐患。As a result, the government deficit dropped from 2.8% of GDP in 2009 to about 1.5
26、% last year, and both deficit-to-GDP and debt-to-GDP ratios remained at a safe level. We strengthened comprehensive auditing of local governments debt and management of their financing platforms, thus effectively controlling latent economic risks.在货币政策运用上，始终注意把握稳增长、控物价和防风险之间的平衡。In employing monetary
27、 policy, we maintained a balance between ensuring steady growth, maintaining price stability and warding off risks.金融体系运行稳健，银行业风险抵御能力持续增强，资本充足率从 2007 年底的 8.4%提升到去年底的 13.3%，不良贷款率由 6.1%下降到 0.95%，一直保持在较低水平。The financial system functioned soundly. The banking sector became better able to avert risks. It
28、s capital adequacy rate increased from 8.4% at the end of 2007 to 13.3% by the end of last year, and its non-performing loans were kept at a low level, dropping from 6.1% to 0.95%.坚持搞好房地产市场调控不动摇，遏制了房价过快上涨势头。We kept a firm grip on the real estate market and kept housing prices from rising too quickly
29、.2012 年，在世界各大经济体增长全面减速、各种风险不断暴露的情况下，我们合理把握政策力度，保持财政预算支出规模不变，优化支出结构，扭转经济下滑趋势，全面实现年初确定的主要目标，In 2012, when other major economies in the world were experiencing a slowdown in growth and constantly encountered new risks, we maintained a proper intensity in policy implementation, kept budgetary spending u
30、nchanged, improved the spending mix, and reversed the decline in economic growth.国内生产总值增长 7.8%，城镇新增就业 1266 万人，居民消费价格涨幅回落到 2.6%，为今年经济发展打下好的基础。As a result, we attained all the main targets set at the beginning of the year: GDP grew by 7.8%, 12.66 million urban jobs were created, and the rise in the CP
31、I fell to 2.6%. All this laid a good foundation for Chinas economic development this year.这五年：Over the past five years:-_我国宏观经济总体上保持增速平稳较快、Chinas economy as a whole maintained steady and rapid growth.物价相对稳定、Prices remained fairly stable.就业持续增加、Employment steadily increased.国际收支趋于平衡的良好态势，The balance
32、ofpayments moved toward equilibrium.国内生产总值年均增长 9.3%，显著高于同期全球和新兴经济体的增速，GDP grew at an average annual rate of 9.3%, considerably higher than the average global rate and the average rate of other emerging economies for the same period.通货膨胀率远低于其他新兴经济体。Chinas inflation rate was also much lower than that
33、of other emerging economies.我国经济稳定，充满活力。The Chinese economy is stable and full of vitality.回首这五年，面对国际经济形势复杂多变、持续低迷的严峻挑战，中央科学判断、果断决策，有效避免了我国现代化进程因巨大的外部冲击而出现大的波折，实践证明这些决策部署是完全正确的。In the last five years, faced with severe challenges posed by a complex and volatile international economic environment and
34、 a sluggish global economy, the central leadership, on the basis of a scientific judgment of the situation, made resolute decisions that steered Chinas modernization drive clear of major pitfalls created by huge external shocks. Experience fully proves these decisions and implementing steps were ent
35、irely correct.二是加快经济结构调整，提高经济发展的质量和效益。2. Accelerating adjustment ofthe economic structure and improving the quality and performance ofeconomic development坚持实施扩大内需战略，内需对经济增长的贡献率明显提高，经常项目顺差占国内生产总值的比重从 10.1%下降到 2.6%。We adhered to the strategy of expanding domestic demand. As a result, the contribution
36、of domestic demand to economic growth increased significantly, and the share of current account surplus in the GDP dropped from 10.1% to 2.6%.居民消费结构加快升级。The upgrading in the mix of private consumption accelerated.-_2012 年底，城镇和农村人均住房面积 32.9 平方米、37.1 平方米，分别比 2007 年增加 2.8平方米和 5.5 平方米；At the end of 2012
37、, the per capita living area of urban and rural residents was 32.9 square meters and 37,1 square meters respectively, an increase of 2.8 and 5.5 over 2007.城镇居民每百户拥有家用汽车 21.5 辆，比 2007 年增加 15.5 辆；Car ownership stood at 21.5 cars per 100 urban households, an increase of 15.5 over 2007.旅游、文化消费大幅增加。Trave
38、l- and entertainment-related spending has risen substantially.坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路，大力推进产业转型升级。We adhered to the new path of industrialization with distinctive Chinese features and promoted transformation and upgrading of industrial sectors.我国制造业规模跃居全球首位，高技术制造业增加值年均增长 13.4%，成为国民经济重要先导性、支柱性产业；Chinas manufac
39、turing industry became the largest in the world. With added-value growing at an average annual rate of 13.4% during the past five years, high-tech manufacturing has become a leading pillar of the economy.清洁能源、节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物医药、高端装备制造等一批战略性新兴产业快速发展。Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly, includin
40、g clean energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, next-generation information and communication technology, biomedicines, and high-end equipment manufacturing.产品质量整体水平不断提高。The overall quality of manufactured goods steadily improved.服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重提高 2.7 个百分点，成为吸纳就业最多的产业。The share of val
41、ue-added of the service sector in the GDP increased by 2.7 percentage points, and it now creates more jobs than any other sector.扎实推进节能减排和生态环境保护。五年累计，共淘汰落后炼铁产能 1.17 亿吨、炼钢产能7800 万吨、水泥产能 7.75 亿吨；We made steady progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the environment. Over the
42、past five years, the following backward production facilities were closed: Iron works with a total output capacity of 117 million tons. Steel mills with a capacity of 78 million tons. Cement plants with a capacity of 775 million tons.新增城市污水日处理能力 4600 万吨；单位国内生产总值能耗下降 17.2%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放总量分别下降 15.7%和 1
43、7.5%。修订环境空气质量标准，增加细颗粒物 PM2.5等监测指标。-_Moreover, in the past five years: Daily urban sewage treatment capacity increased by 46 million tons. Energy consumption per unit ofGDP fell by 17.2%. Total chemical oxygen demand fell by 15.7%. Total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 17.5%. Environmental air quali
44、ty standards were revised. The air quality index for monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2 s) was added.推进天然林保护、退耕还林、防沙治沙等重点生态工程建设，五年累计完成造林 2953 万公顷，治理沙漠化、石漠化土地 1196 万公顷，综合治理水土流失面积 24.6 万平方公里，整治国土面积 18 万平方公里。Progress was made in major ecological projects to protect virgin forests, afforest margina
45、l farmland, and prevent and control desertification. Over the past five years: Anadditional 29.53 million hectares of land were planted with trees. Desertification was halted on 11.96 million hectares of land. Soil erosion on 246,000 square kilometers of land was brought under control. A total of 18
46、0,000 square kilometers of land were improved.深入实施区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，加快推进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展，We implemented the master strategy for regional development, promulgated and implemented the national plan for developing functional zones, formulated new 10-year guidelines for the la
47、rge-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans, and accelerated leapfrog development of Tibet and Xinjiang.制定实施新十年农村扶贫开发纲要，将扶贫标准提高到 2300 元（2010 年不变价） ，加强集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫攻坚。We formulated and implemented a new ten-year program for rural poverty alleviation and devel
48、opment, raised the poverty line to 2,300 yuan at 2010 prices, and intensified efforts to alleviate poverty in contiguous areas with acute difficulties.中西部和东北地区主要发展指标增速高于全国平均水平，东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快，各具特色、良性互动的区域发展格局正在形成。Major economic indicators rose faster in the central and western regions and northeast C
49、hina than the national average. Transformation and upgrading of the industrial sector in the eastern region accelerated, and a pattern of regional development is taking shape in which each region both has its distinctive strengths and draws on the strengths of other regions.积极稳妥推进城镇化，五年转移农村人口 8463 万人，城镇化率由 45.9%提高到 52.6%，城乡结构发生了历史性变化。We advanced urbanization actively yet prudently. Over the past five years: A total of 84.63 million rural residents migrated to urban areas. The urbanization level rose from 45.9“10 to 52.6%, marking a historic turning point in Chinas urban-rural p
