1、外文翻译题目：基于 MSP430 的温湿度记录仪的设计二级学院：信息工程学院 专业年级：电子信息工程专业 2009 级本科英文原文：Temperature and humidity measuring instrumentIntroductionTemperature and humidity measurement is a modern newly developed measurement field, especially the humidity measurement is to continue moving forward. Experienced a length metho
2、d, dry and wet until today the course of the measurement, humidity measurement technology is maturing. Today, we are no longer satisfied with the measurement of the temperature and humidity, especially in some places to monitor directly the requirements of real-time measure and record the temperatur
3、e and humidity changes in the whole process, and based on these changes identified during storage and transportation security, led to a new temperature and humidity measuring instrument was born. Temperature and humidity measuring instrument is the temperature and humidity parameters were measured a
4、ccording to a predetermined time interval stored in the internal memory, in the completion of the recording function will be coupled to a PC, use the adapter software data stored in accordance with values time analysis instrument. The instrument can determine the storage and transportation process,
5、experiment process without any compromise product safety incident. MSP430F437 IntroducedThe MSP430 MCU main features are as follows:1) Ultra-low power consumption. MSP430 MCU supply voltage 1.8 to 3.6V low voltage RAM data retention mode power consumption of only 0.1uA active mode power 250uA/MIPS,
6、IO input port leakage current of only 50nA.2) Powerful processing capability. The MSP430 MCU 16-bit microcontroller, reduced instruction set architecture with the most popular one clock cycle to execute an instruction, the MSP430 instruction speeds of up to 8MHz oscillator is 8MIPS.3) High-performan
7、ce analog technology and a wealth of on-chip peripheral modules. The MSP430 monolithic organic combination of TIs high-performance analog technology, each member of the rich on-chip peripherals are integrated. Depending on the model of the different possible combinations of the following modules: wa
8、tchdog, analog comparator A timer A, timer B, serial 0,1, hardware multiplier, LCD driver, 10/12/14-bit ADC, 12 DAC IIC bus, direct data access, port 1 to 6, the basic timer.4) The system is stable. Power-on reset, first initiated by the DC0 CPU, to ensure that the program starts executing from the
9、correct position to ensure crystal oscillator start-up and stabilization time. The software can then set the appropriate control bits of the register to determine the final system clock frequency. If the crystal oscillator is used as the CPU clock MCLK failure, the DCO will start automatically, in o
10、rder to ensure the normal operation of the system. This structure and operational mechanism in the current series microcontroller is unique.5) Convenient and efficient development environment. MSP430 series OTP type, three types of FLASH-ROM, the domestic large-scale use FLASH. The development of th
11、ese devices means, after the successful development of the OTP and ROM-type device using a dedicated emulator programmer or chip cover touch. FLASH type is very convenient development and debugging environment, because the device on-chip JTAG debug interface, as well as the electric flash FLASH memo
12、ry using the first through the JTAG interface to download the program to the FLASH, run by the JTAG interface control program read the on-chip CPU status, and memory contents and other information for designers debug the entire development can be carried out in the same software integrated environme
13、nt. Which only requires a PC and a JTAG debugger, without the need for a dedicated emulator and programmer.Temperature And Humidity SensorThe SHT7x temperature and humidity sensor characteristics are as follows:1) The temperature and humidity sensor signal is amplified conditioning, A / D converter,
14、 all integrated on one IIC bus interface;2) Given calibration relative humidity and temperature output;3) IIC bus with industry-standard digital output interface;4) With dewpoint calculation output function;5) With excellent long-term stability;6) Humidity value output resolution of 14 The temperatu
15、re output resolution of 12 bits, and programmable;7) Small size (7.65 x 5.08 x 23.5mm) Surface Mount;8) Having reliable the CRC data transmission checking function;9) The chip load calibration coefficients can guarantee 100% interchangeability;AT25256 IntroductionTemperature and humidity data storag
16、e chip SPI interface uses ATMEL Corporations low-voltage serial EEPROM AT25256. AT25256 is mainly applied to low-power occasion the internal accordance with 32K x 8-bit organization, can work at 3.3V, the maximum serial clock frequency as to 2.1MHz. Support for 64-byte page write mode and byte write
17、 mode. AT25256 by setting the write-protect pin / WP level to set the chip read-only or writable state. Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus technology is a synchronous serial interface, the hardware features a strong, SPI software is quite simple, so that the CPU has more time to deal with other m
18、atters. SPI bus can be connected to multiple host MCU, equipped with SPI interface output devices, output devices, such as LCD drivers, A / D conversion and other peripherals can also be a simple connection to a single TTL shift register chip. The bus allows you to connect multiple devices, but only
19、 one device at any moment as the host.SPI bus clock line is controlled by the host, in addition to data lines: host input / output line from the machine and the host output / slave input line. Host and which slave communication through the slave strobe line selection.Application SPI system can be si
20、mple, complex and can take many forms: (1) a host MCU and the slave MCU; (2) multiple MCU are connected to each other into a multi-host system; (3) a host MCU and slave peripherals.Segment LCD Display PrincipleLCD display principle is to use the physical characteristics of the liquid crystal born, w
21、hen power is turned on, arranged order so light by; arranged confusion is not energized, to prevent the light to pass through. Light to pass through and not through a combination of an image is displayed on the screen. In laymans terms, the liquid crystal display is the middle of the two glass clip
22、a layer of liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal material to change their light transmission in the signal under the control of the state, so you can see the image in front of the glass panel. LCD ambient light to display information, the LCD itself is not self-luminous, LCD power consumption
23、is very low, more suitable for single-chip low-power applications. In addition, the LCD can only use low-frequency AC voltage drive, the DC voltage will damage the LCD.There are many types of LCD segment liquid crystal character LCD, graphical LCD. Segment LCD inexpensive, simple to use, is widely u
24、sed in a variety of microcomputer application system.MSP430 LCD driver module has four driving method, respectively, for static drive, 2MUX drive, 3MUX, Drivers, 4MUX drive. Static driving method, in addition to the public badly in need of a pin, each section of the drive each one pin. If the design
25、 involves a lot of number of segments, you need to take up the many pin. In order to reduce the pin number, you can select multiple drive needed: 2MUX drive, drive, 3MUX 4MUX driving method. Increase the number of public-pole, can greatly reduce the number of pins. Need to drive more segments, the m
26、ore obvious effects.ConclusionThe design requirements to simultaneously detect the temperature and humidity. From the temperature and humidity sensor signal IIC bus to enter MSP430F437 MSP430F437, temperature and humidity data on the one hand to send the LCD display; the other hand, the temperature
27、and humidity data is stored in AT25256 stored temperature and humidity data can be transmitted via RS232 bus to the PC, In the PC application, you can curve shows the temperature and humidity data, and can print the report.This design uses the MSP430 MCU measurement of temperature and humidity, disp
28、lay, storage, transmission, printing and other functions. But also through the button on the temperature and humidity measurement time interval, whether storage, starting time and other parameters set. In addition, the entire system can be connected to external 9V DC power supply, you can use a 9V l
29、ithium battery-powered, low-power design ultra-low power MSP430 MCU, and program design, making the whole system very power, particularly suitable for hand-held meter.中文翻译：温湿度测量仪1 引言温湿度测量是现代测量新发展出来的一个领域，尤其湿度的测量更是不断前进。经历了长度法、干湿法直至今天的电测量的历程，使湿度测量技术日渐成熟。时至今日，由于我们不再满足于温湿度的测量，尤其是一些场所的监控直接要求实时测量并记录其全过程温湿度
30、变化，并依据这些变化认定储运过程的安全性，导致了新的温湿度测量仪的诞生。温湿度测量仪是将温湿度参数进行测量并按照预定的时间间隔将其储存在内部存储器中，在完成记录功能后将其联接到 PC 机，利用适配软件将存储的数据提出并按其数值、时间进行分析的仪器。利用该仪器可确定储运过程、实验过程等相关过程没有任何危及产品安全的事件发生。2 MSP430F437 介绍MSP430 单片机主要特点如下：1) 超低功耗。MSP430 系列单片机的电源电压采用 1.83.6V 低电压，RAM 数据保持方式下耗电仅仅 0.1uA，活动模式耗电 250uA/MIPS，IO 输入端口的漏电流最大仅仅50nA。2) 强大的
31、处理能力。MSP430 系列单片机是 16 位单片机，采用了目前最流行的精简指令集结构，一个时钟周期可以执行一条指令，使 MSP430 在 8MHz 晶振工作时，指令速度可达 8MIPS。3) 高性能模拟技术及丰富的片上外围模块。MSP430 系列单片有机结合 TI 的高性能模拟技术，各成员都集成了较丰富的片内外设。视型号的不同可能组合有以下功能模块：看门狗，模拟比较器 A，定时器 A，定时 B，串口 0，1，硬件乘法器，液晶驱动器，10 位/12/14 位 ADC，12 位 DAC，IIC 总线，直接数据存取，端口 16，基本定时器等。4) 系统工作稳定。上电复位后，首先由 DC0 启动 C
32、PU，以保证程序从正确的位置开始执行，保证晶体振器有足够的起振及稳定时间。然后软件可设置适当的寄存器的控制位来确定最后的系统时钟频率。如果晶体振荡器在用作 CPU 时钟 MCLK 时发生故障，DCO 会自动启动，以保证系统正常工作。这种结构和运行机制，在目前各系列单片机中是绝无仅有的。5) 方便高效的开发环境。目前 MSP430 系列有 OTP 型、FLASH 型和 ROM 型 3 种类型，国内大量使用的是 FLASH 型。这些器件的开发手段不同，对于 OTP 型和 ROM 型的器件是使用专用仿真器开发成功之后再烧写或掩摸的芯片。对于 FLASH 型则有十分方便的开发调试环境，因为器件片内有
33、JTAG 调试接口，还有可电擦写的 FLASH 存储器，因此采用先通过 JTAG 接口下载程序到 FLASH 内，再由 JTAG 接口控制程序运行，读取片内 CPU 状态，以及存储器内容等信息供设计者调试，整个开发都可以在同一个软件集成环境中进行。这种方式只需要一台 PC 机和一个 JTAG 调试器，而不需要专用仿真器和编程器。3 温湿度传感器介绍SHT7x 温湿度传感器的主要特性如下：1) 将温湿度传感器、信号放大调理、A/D 转换、IIC 总线接口全部集成于一片；2) 可给出全校准相对湿度及温度值输出；3) 带有工业标准的 IIC 总线数字输出接口；4) 具有露点值计算输出功能；5) 具有
34、卓越的长期稳定性；6) 湿度值输出分辨率为 14 位，温度值输出分辨率为 12 位，并且可编程；7) 小体积（7.655.0823.5mm ） ，可表面贴装；8) 具有可靠的 CRC 数据传输校验功能；9) 片内装载的校准系数可保证 100%互换性；4 AT25256 介绍温度湿度数据存储芯片采用 ATMEL 公司的 SPI 接口的低电压串行 EEPROM AT25256。AT25256 主要适用于低功耗场合，内部按照 32K8 位组织，可以工作在 3.3V电压下，最大串行时钟频率为 2.1MHz。支持 64 字节的页写方式以及字节写方式。另外，AT25256 还可以通过设置写保护引脚 /WP
35、 的电平来设置芯片的只读或可写状态。串行外围设备接口 SPI 总线技术是一种同步串行接口，其硬件功能很强，因此，与 SPI 有关的软件相当简单，使 CPU 有更多的时间处理其他事务。SPI 总线上可以连接多个可作为主机的MCU、装有 SPI 接口的输出设备、输出设备，如液晶驱动、A/D 转换等外设，也可以简单连接到单个 TTL 移位寄存器芯片。总线上允许连接多个设备，但在任一瞬间只允许一个设备作为主机。其中 SPI 总线的时钟线由主机控制，另外还有数据线：主机输入/从机输出线和主机输出/从机输入线。主机和哪台从机通信通过各从机的选通线进行选择。应用 SPI 的系统可以简单，也可以复杂，主要有多
36、种形式：（1）一台主机 MCU 和若干从机 MCU；（ 2）多台 MCU 互相连接成一个多主机系统；（3）一台主机 MCU 和若干从机外围设备。5 段式 LCD 显示原理液晶显示器的原理是利用液晶的物理特生，通电时导通，排列变得有秩序，使光线容易通过；不通电时排列混乱，阻止光线通过。光线通过和不通过的组合就可以在屏幕上显示出图象来。通俗地说，液晶显示器就是两块玻璃中间夹了一层液晶材料，液晶材料在信号控制下改变自己的透光状态，于是就能在玻璃面板前看到图像了。由于液晶是通过境光来显示信息的，液晶本身不主动发光，所以液晶功耗很低，更加适合于单片机低功耗应用系统。另外，液晶只能使用低频交流电压驱动，直
37、流电压将损坏液晶。液晶有很多种类，常见的有段式液晶、字符式液晶、图形式液晶等。其中段式液晶价格低廉，使用简单，被广泛地用于各种单片机应用系统中。MSP430 液晶驱动模块有 4 种驱动方法，分别为静态驱动、2MUX 驱动、3MUX 驱动、4MUX 驱动。静态驱动方法，除了公共极需要一个引脚，驱动的每一段还各需要一个引脚。如果设计中涉及很多段数，就需要占用众多引脚。为了减少引脚个数，可以根据需要选择多路驱动方法：2MUX 驱动、3MUX 驱动、4MUX 驱动方法。增加公共极个数，可以极大地减少引脚数。需要驱动的段数越多，效果越明显。6 结语本设计要求能同时检测温度和湿度。来自温湿度传感器信号IIC总线进入MSP430F437，在 MSP430F437中，温度湿度数据一方面送 LCD显示；另一方面将温度湿度数据存储在AT25256中，存储下来的温度湿度数据可以经RS232总线传输到PC 中，在PC应用程序中，可以对温度湿度数据进行曲线显示，并可以打印报表。本设计采用MSP430单片机实现了对温度湿度的测量、显示、存储、传输、打印等功能。同时还可以通过按键对温度湿度测量的时间间隔、是否存储、起始时间等参数进行设置。此外，整个系统可以外接9V DC电源供电，可以采用9V锂电池供电，由于MSP430的超低功耗特性，以及程序设计中采用低功耗设计方式，使得整个系统非常省电，特别适合手持式仪表。
