1、TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013) GRADE FOURTIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART 3 CLOZE 15 MINDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in thecorresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two. Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a moder
2、n state: without it, it (31) _ not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) _ the workers in government offices who (33) _ our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. (34) _ taxation, we pay for things that we need just (35) _
3、we need somewhereto live and something to eat. But (36) _ everyone knows that taxation is necessary, differentpeople have different ideas about (37)_ taxation should be arranged.In most countries, a direct tax on (38) _, which is called income tax, (39) _. It is arranged in such (40)_ that the poore
4、st people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41) _ as the taxpayers income grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people (42)_ as high as ninety-five per cent! (43) _ countries with taxation nearly (44) _ have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the cou
5、ntry have to pay taxes or “duties.” Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops (45)_ really have to pay the duties, in the (46) _ of higher prices. In some countries, (47) _, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot
6、of money is (48) _ but the poor people suffermost. If unnecessary things (49)_ jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50) _ as the rich pay it. Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the ri
7、ch, is the best arrangement. PART 4 GRAMMAR they were a fashion accessory. “In the beginning,” he says, “that little white wire that said you had an iPod -that was cool. But now wearing the white bud means youre just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate an
8、d are highly visible.” Today, Skullcandy is Americas second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined. 86. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because he _. A. was no longer in snowboarding business. B. had no other b
9、usiness opportunities. C. was very fond of modern music. D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users. 87. The new headphone was originally designed for _. A. snowboarders. B. motorcyclists. C. mountain hikers. D. marathon runners. 88. Did Alden solve the money problem? _. A. He sold his house and his
10、 cars. B. Factories could ship products before being paid. C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company. D. He borrowed money from his wifes family. 89. What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores? _. A. He spent more money on product advertising. B. He promised to buy back products not sold. C
11、. He agreed to sell products at a discount.D. He improved the colour design of the product. 90. Alden sees headphones as _. A. a sign of self-confidence. B. a symbol of status. C. part of fashion. D. a kind of device. TEXT C I was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my frien
12、d Taj called. “Sitdown,” she said. I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I laughed and said, “It cant be that bad.” But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a “safe” fund with a brilliant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down th
13、e phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing. Since Bernie Madoffs arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, Ive read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservat
14、ions about Madoff before “the Call”, but I did not. On New Years Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at Tajs house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, “If you could have your money back right now, but it would mean giving up what y
15、ou have learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?” My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “I just want the money back.” I wasnt certain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. Id been walking around
16、like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didnt satisfy me, because I wasnt really taking it in, wasnt absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldnt hon
17、estly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down. But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, and they didnt think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.
18、 My friend Michael said,Id started to get complacent. Its as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy（萎缩） . Now theyre awake, aliveand I dont want to go back.” Thesewerent just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was mov
19、ing into someones garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and werent sure where or how they were going to live. 91. What did the author learn from Tajs call? A. had got an awful haircut. B. They had lost their retirement savings. C. Taj had just retired from work. D. T
20、hey were going to meet for lunch. 92. How did the author feel in the following weeks? A. Angry. B. Disappointed. C. Indifferent. D. Desperate. 93. According to the passage, to which was she “forced to pay attention”? A. Her friends. B. Her husband. C. Her lost savings. D. Her experience. 94. Which o
21、f the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more. B. Her friends felt the same as she did. C. Her friends were in a better financial situation. D Her friends were more optimistic than she. 95. What is the message of the passage? A. Desire for money
22、is human nature. B. One has to be decisive during crises. C. Understanding gained is more important than money lost. D. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises. TEXT D In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion
23、flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins. These days that model is out of fashion. You usually cant change your behaviour by simply resolving to do someth
24、ing. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. Its more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, youre a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, youll probably do so, too. The 19th-centu
25、ry character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control. Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by uncons
26、cious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habitscue, routine, reward. You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running sh
27、orts on the floor at night, thatll be a cue to go running in the morning. Dont try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk. Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural
28、（神经系统的）networks inside. To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, includ
29、ing your relationship with yourself. Youre trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues. This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened b
30、y strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness. If you thinkyou can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, youre probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, dont just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief. 96. Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model? A. Passion. B. Action.
