1、最新高血压指南的几个问题,刘力生,内容提要,关于血压水平的定义和分类关于危险度分层关于卫生经济学关于用药问题,高血压患者危险分层-WHO/ISH 1999,注：1999年中国高血压防治指南的危险分层参考的是 1999年WHO/ISH指南,影响高血压患者预后的因素,高血压患者危险分层-2003欧洲高血压指南,：平均危险；：低度危险增加；：中度危险增加；：高度危险增加；：极高度危险增加,Risk factor similar as 1999 guidelines except :1.abdominal obesity 2.Diabetes as a separate criterion 3.CRP
2、 is added,血压分类-JNC-VI(1997),-类 别 收缩压（mm Hg) 舒张压（mm Hg)-理想血压 120 80正常血压 120 - 129 80 - 84正常高值 130 - 139 85 - 891级高血压 140 159 90 99 亚组：临界高血压 140 - 149 90 - 942级高血压 160 - 179 100 -109 3级高血压 180 110 单纯收缩期高血压 140 90亚组：临界收缩期高血压 140 - 149 90-,1. Distribution of NHANES I Epldemiologic Follow-up Study Partic
3、ipants with a High-Normal BP or Hypertension at Baseline According to BP Lovel and Risk Categorization,Values are n (%),2. Estimated Effect of a 12mmHg Reduction in SBP Over 10 years on the Number-Needed-to-Treat to Prevent a Cardiovascular Disease Event Among NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study
4、Participants According to Baseline BP Level and Category of Presumed Cardiovascular Risk,See test or Table 1 for deflnition of risk groups.*Corrected for regression dilution bias using a reliability coefficient or 0.53 to correct for Imprecision in the measurement of SBP,3. Estimated Effect of a 12m
5、mHg Reduction in SBP Over 10 years on the Number-Needed-to-Treat to Prevent a Cardiovascular Disease Death Among NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study Participants According to Baseline BP Level and Category of Presumed Cardiovascular Risk,See test or Table 1 for deflnition of risk groups.*Correcte
6、d for regression dilution bias using a reliability coefficient or 0.53 to correct for Imprecision in the measurement of SBP,4. Estlmated Effect of a 12mmHg Reduction in SBP Over 10 years on the Number-Needed-to-Treat to Prevent An AI-Cause Death Among NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study Participa
7、nts According to Baseline BP Level and Category of Presumed Cardiovascular Risk,See test or Table 1 for definition of risk groups.*Corrected for regression dilution bias using a reliability coefficient or 0.53 to correct for Imprecision in the measurement of SBP,不同危险程度高血压患者的血压水平(mmHg, xs),男 女危险度 SBP
8、 DBP SBP DBP低危 141.3(12.0)88.7(7.9)141.7(10.8)88.4(10.1)中危 144.7(15.6)89.3(9.7)144.1(26.7)86.4(10.6)高危 144.0(17.7)88.8(11.5)139.6(18.6)85.6(14.5)极高危 148.4(21.5)*88.8(12.8)145.9(22.6)*87.6(34.2) * P0.05,心血管危险度分层的重要性（一）高血压常常伴随其它危险因素降压治疗的目的是减少心血管发病与死亡（CVD Risk）,而不仅是降低血压（RFs)，所以对心血管危险的估算是不可或缺的血压升高是CVD R
9、R 的重要指标，故以往只看血压水平决定治疗策略。此法对中重度高血压行之有效，对轻度高血压则否,心血管危险度分层的重要性（二）,NHANES-I根据 JNC VI，对7,090NHEFS队列20年随访说明临床决策不仅依靠平均血压水平，并需考虑其他危险因素 1999年医院门诊人群高血压抽样调查报告表明,对门诊高血压患者的危险度评估中,如果只注意血压水平,是很不够的,会明显低估危险度,必须全面评估其他危险因素,才能作出正确的判断.,Problems With a Strategy Based on Absolute Cardiovascular RiskF. Olaf Simpson/Journal
10、 of Hypertension 1996, Vol 14 No 6,The proposed New Zealand guidelines: the 10-year absolute CVD risk strategyConsequences of the 10-year absolute-risk strategyPossible age-related modifications of the 10-year absolute-risk strategyProblems raised by inclusion of other risk factors in the calculatio
11、nsProblems in calculation of the expected gains from antihypertensive therapyProblems in calculations of CVD risk from raised blood pressure,Article 1,Cardiovascular risk evaluation：an inexact science （1）,Failure to consider the full risk of the metabolic syndrome in current guidelinesFailure to app
12、reciate the total benefit of antihypertensive therapyExcessive weighting of advanced age in the assessment of cardiovascular riskHow accurate is current risk assessment for uncomplicated mild hypertension?,Although the absolute risk assessment methods may lack sufficient sensitivity, they still repr
13、esent an improvement over that only the level of blood pressure and prior cardiovascular disease were relevant to therapeutic-decision making. To date, cardiovascular risk evaluation is an inexact science.,Cardiovascular risk evaluation： an inexact science （2）,Enhancing risk stratification in hypert
14、ensive subjects: How far should we go in routine screening for target organ damage?,First, it appears timely to include the search for microalbuminuria as a routine component of the work-up of all hypertensive patients worldwide;Second, it seems reasonable to recommend that the search for target org
15、an damage should extend to cardiac and carotid ultrasound for high risk and very high risk hypertensive subjects.,Pharmacological Treatment of HypertensionJ D Swales / The Lancet Vol 344. Aug. 6, 1994,Benefits of treatmentTreatment of severe hypertensionMild to moderate hypertensionDefining the high
16、-risk patientValue of repeated measurementsSystolic hypertensionTarget blood pressureSelection of therapy,Article 2,血压水平为正常高值,SBP 130-139或DBP 85-89mmHg（多次测量）其它危险因素、靶器官损害（肾）糖尿病、高血压关联临床状况生活方式改变、纠正其它危险因素或疾病绝对危险分层 药物治疗 药物治疗 经常监测 无需干预BP,(ESH/ESC/ISH-2003）,血压水平为I-II级高血压,SBP 140-179 或 DBP 90-109mmHg其它危险因素、
17、靶器官损害（肾）糖尿病、高血压关联临床状况生活方式改变、纠正其它危险因素或疾病危险分层,BP140/90 BP140/90药物治疗 继续监测,及时药物治疗 及时药物治疗 监测（BP/RF)至少3个月 监测(BP/RF)3-12个月,SBP140-159 BP160 mmHg 或 P2: SBP 140 mmHg)P3 & P4 高胆固醇的个体治疗和教育 (P3: TC 6.2 mmol/L 或 P4: TC 5.7mmol/L) P5 收缩期高血压和胆固醇个体治疗和健康教育 (P2+P3)P6 to P9 高危人群管理 (35%, 25%, 15%, 5%)Combined personal and non-personal intervention (C1 to C4) P6 to P9 + N4,谢谢大家,
