1、1选修六知识点总结Unit 1I 词汇及结构1. would rather do sth 情愿做 .would rather sb did sth 情愿 sb 做 情愿做.而不愿意做： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sthI would rather you hadnt told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。2.faith
2、n. 信任,信仰 be faithful to sb 忠实于某人keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信have faith in 相信 , 信任 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short textso+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that)so many/few +n (复数) (+ that)so much/little (不可数 ) (+that)such+adj.+n.(不
3、可数)/ n ( 复数) eg.1) The book is _interesting that I want to read it again.2) It was _a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.3) It was _cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.4) There are _many mistakes in your composition that I cant understand it.5) He
4、 has made _rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.6) _that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07 陕西）A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business4.consequently adv. 所以，因此consequent adj. 作
5、为结果的,随之发生的as a consequence/result = in consequence = soas a consequence/result of = because of5 .aim without aim 无目的的 / 无目标的（take）aim at 瞄准，对准sb/ sths aim is to do 的目标是.aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接 of7. evident 明白的, 明显的(apparent) be evident to sb. 对某人来说很明显be evid
6、ent in sth 在某方面很明显8. adopt 采用，收养adapt 改编，使适应9. possess 用作动词时， 不能用于进行时。be possessed of sth 具有、拥有2be possessed by 由支配、控制in possession of sth (表主动）占有in the possession of sb （表被动） 被某人占有10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 后可接形容词比较级a great/ good deal of 后接不可数名词1）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many b
7、uildings have been built along the street.a large/ big/ great/ / small number ofMany a +单数名词More than one +单数名词2）修饰不可数名词：much a good/great deal ofa large amount of (谓语动词用单数)large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)3）修饰可数和不可数名词a lot of/lots of plenty ofa large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)练习：1.
8、_ the students in our school go to college in their teens. A good many B. A great many ofC. A great deal of D. A lot of2. He is _ better now. Dont worry about him.A.more B. a great deal ofC. a number of D.a great deal 11.attempt 尝试，企图，努力attempt doing 反复尝试做attempt to do 企图做attempt to do/doing = try t
9、o do/doingmake an attempt to do sth/ at doing sthat ones attempt 在 sb 尝试下12.on (the ) one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面13.be specific to 特有的，独特的14.in the flesh 活生生，本人，亲自15.preference - preferby preference.首先, 最好in preference to 优先于have a preference for 偏爱16.appeal to 有吸引力，使感兴趣appeal to sb for sth. 呼
10、吁,恳求317.reputation n. 名誉,名声live up to ones reputation 不负盛名lose ones reputation 失去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉句型：1.序数词 the first/the second/the last( sb.) to do 是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人” ，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构 to be done。My monitor is always the first to come to school and the la
11、st to leave.我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager.说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。2.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that.是一种常见句型，表示“令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中 it 是形式主语，that
12、 引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用 to ones amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。It is surprising that children who are seven years old dont know how to brush ones teeth.令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。 语法：虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用于
13、条件句、其它句型中与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主句用 would/should/could/might动词原形How nice it _ if I _ a sister like you!Awas; had Bwould be; had had Cwould have been; had Dwould be; had【解析】 题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选 D 项2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用 would/should/could/might have doneWere you in time for the lecture?
14、If I _ told earlier, I would have.Ahad been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be选 A。 由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。3. 与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should动词原形/were to动词原形。This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bshould C could Dmight分析：后一句
15、实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用 should 表示“假如；万一”_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be4【解析】 前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用 If you should be fired，可以省略 if 而把 should 提前到主语之前。4. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句：条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓
16、语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。5. 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句：句中没有条件从句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have wonbut for(要不是)引导的短语在句中作状语时，句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气；此处表示与过去事实相反，因而使用“would6. wish 后的宾语从句中：与现在事实相反时用
17、 were 或动词的一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用 had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用 would/could/might动词原形。 How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! Ahas Bhad Cwill have Dhad had7. 在suggest，order，insist，demand，require ，desire，command，request，recommend 等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中；在与suggestion，order，request，advice，demand
18、 等有关的表语从句、同位语从句中；以及在 It be suggested/ordered/requested/ insisted /desired/required that.句型中用“(should)动词原形” 。The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt recommend 表示“建议” 时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should 动词原形”，should 可省略。. His suggestion is that the harve
19、st _ in before the rainy season comes.Aget Bshould get Cbe got Dwill be gotsuggestion 之后的 that 从句是表语从句，其中谓语用“should动词原形” ，should 省略。8. 在 Its (high) time that.句型中，谓语动词用过去时或 should动词原形(should 不能省略)，表示“早就该”Its no use envying others their success. Its time that you _ hard.Amust work Bwere to work Cwork
20、DworkedIts time that.句型中使用动词的一般过去时9. as if/as though(好像，似乎)之后的方式状语从句中；if only 句型表示“要是多好啊”中，与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用 had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用 should/would/could/might动词原形。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. Abreaks Bhas broken Cwere broken Dhad been brokenUnit 2词汇和结构：1.convey
21、 v. 传达；运送convey .to. 把运到convey .to sb. 向某人传达/ 表达( 思想、感情等)convey ones feelings 表达感情52 transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换transform.into 把某人/物改变成 transform .from 从中转变、转化3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的be appropriate to/for. 对适合；适宜It is appropriate/proper that. (should) do. 是合适的be suitable for/to. 适合的；适宜的be fit for. 适
22、合；胜任注意 appropriate 指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable 指适合某种情况或安排；fit 指大小适合或胜任某职位； appropriate 等于 very proper。4. exchange n/v. 交换；交流；调换；兑换exchange sth. for sth. 拿交换exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物in exchange for. 交换；调换5sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助6. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容take ones time 别着急，慢慢来tak
23、e sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/事take.for granted 对想当然，认为理所当然7. run out of 用完，用尽 （人作主语，不用于被动）run out 被用完，耗尽 （物作主语）give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人 )筋疲力尽； use up 用完；用光 ,（可以用于被动）8. be made up of 由构成，组成make up 组成；编造；化妆make up for 弥补9. try out 测试；试验let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服句型1. This is why. 这就是的原因。( 强调结果)This is because.
24、 这是因为。( 强调原因)The reason why.is/was that.(的原因是)一般用 that 引导表语从句，而不用because。单项填空(1)He didnt go by bike with me. Thats _ there was something wrong with his bike.Abecause Bwhy Chow Dwhen A2. with 的 复合结构 (见全程设计 P22)语法：it 用法与强调句1. 用作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或各种从句所表示的真正主语。_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mi
25、nd.6AThis B That CWhat DIt 【解析】 it 代替后面的名词短语 the way.作形式主语。2.作形式宾语，代指不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis Bthat Cit Dthese 【解析】 it 代替后面的 when and where 从句作形式宾语。The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.Athat B
26、it Cthis Dhim 【解析】 it 代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。3. 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接 it，然后再跟从句，it 代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有 hate，dislike ，enjoy，appreciate 等。Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.Athat Bit Cthis Dyou 【解析】 it 代指后面的 if 从句所表达的内容。4. it 用来指代上文提到的事物、情况等Being a parent is not always easy, and
27、being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress. Ait Bthem Cone Dhim【解析】 it 代指 being the parent of a child with special needs 这一意义。5.强调句的基本句型：It is /was 被强调部分that从句。被强调部分是人时可用who/whom 代替 that，强调时间、地点、原因状语时，通常只使用 that，而不使用when， where，why 。被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语、各种状语。It was al
28、ong the Mississippi River_ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. Ahow B which Cthat Dwhere【解析】 分析句子结构看出，题干使用的是强调句型，因而使用连词 that。 6. 强调句的复杂结构形式： 强调句用于 not.until 结构：It is/was not until.that 其他部分。强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that其他部分。强调句用于特殊疑问句：被强调的通常是疑问代词或疑问副词，其强调结构是：疑问词(被强调部分) is/was it that其他部分？It was not
29、 until midnight _ they reached the camp site.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das【解析】 句中强调了时间状语 not until，连词使用 that。7. 判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is / was that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。It was in the street that I met her father. In the street I met her father. It was because she was ill that they didnt ask her
30、 to do the job.Because she was ill, they didnt ask her to do the job.Unit 3词汇：1.abuse n/v. 滥用；虐待7drug abuse 吸毒be badly abused 被虐待abuse of power 滥用权力2. stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在上；强调under the stress of 为所迫stress the importance of 强调的重要性单项填空Things can easily go wrong when
31、 people are under _.Astress Bweight Cload Dstrength3. ban v. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令be banned from doing sth. 被禁止做某事there be a ban on. 禁止；禁令4. quit v. 停止( 做某事)；离开quit doing sth. 停止做某事quit office/ones job 离职quit oneself of sth.be quit of sth. 摆脱某事 单项填空He decided to _ the position after quarreling with the manage
32、r. Astop Bblock Cloosen D quit5. effect n. 结果；效力have a good/bad effect on 对 有好/ 坏的影响be of no effect 没效果；无用take effect(法律)生效；(药) 奏效bring/put .into effect 实施come/go into effect 生效in effect 事实上；在实施；生效side effect 副作用6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的be desperate for 极需要；极向往be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事do sth.
33、 desperately 拼命地做某事in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的be disappointed about/at/in. 对感到失望be disappointed to do 做某事失望be disappointed that. 感到失望be disappointing 令人失望的disappoint sb. 使某人失望to ones disappointment 令人失望的是8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的be ashamed that. 对感到羞耻；感到羞愧的是feel/be ashamed
34、 of 对感到惭愧feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧8be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧Its a shame that. 遗憾What a shame that. 多么遗憾9.due to 由于 (不置于句首)be due to do sth. 预期做某事be due for sth. 应有；得到be due to (doing) sth./ sb. 归因于 (做)某事/某人 10. be/become addicted to 对有瘾。 后接 doingaddict oneself to
35、 沉迷于；醉心于addiction to. 对 上瘾；习惯于a video game addict 游戏迷11. be/get/become accustomed to 习惯于accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做) 某事12. feel like (doing) 想要(做)；感觉自己像 would like to do 想要做13. in spite of 不顾；不管despite in spite of 尽管( 后接名词、代词)regardles
36、s of. 不管，不顾注意 despite 和 in spite of 是介词；而 although 和 though 是连词，引导从句。_ C _， she came to school to attend the important lecture.AThough being ill BAlthough illness CIn spite of illness DDespite he was ill 14.take/run a risk/ risks 冒险at risk 处境危险；遭受危险at the risk of 冒的危险at ones own risk 自担风险at all risk
37、s 无论冒什么危险run/take the risk of 冒的危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事15. get into 陷入；染上( 习惯) ；开始对感兴趣get into trouble 陷入困境get into the habit of 染上的习惯get into panic 陷入恐慌get along/on with 进展；相处get over 克服get through 接通；完成get in 收割；募集( 捐款)句型：1. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finall
38、y stop smoking.即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)before 引导时间状语，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；( 不多久)就；不等就” 。多用于下列句型中：9It will take/takes/took sb.some time before 花费时间才 It is/was long before. 过了 时间才It wont be long before. 不久就It will be long before. 过多久才Unit 4词汇：1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象2. glance at = t
39、ake a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视stare at 盯着看；凝视glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视3. decrease vt.大量的，许多的 in quantity;成批地，大量地 a large quantity of/large quantities of 之后接可数或不可数名词。注意:a large quantity of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 large quantities of作主语，谓语动词都用复数Unit 51. appoint v. 任命；委派；约定；指定10appoint sb. to be/as. 任命/指派某人成为be appointed a
40、s/ to be. 被任命/指派为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事by appointment 按照约定make an appointment (with) 与约会2.match，fit，suitmatch 用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表示“与相配，和一致”；fit 既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit 表示 “适合”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。Your tie matches your suit well.你的领带非常适合你的套装。The a
41、fterschool programme suits the needs of most of the children.课外活动适合绝大多数孩子的需要。Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。3.unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事become conscious 清醒过来be conscious of 意识到be conscious that. 意识到；觉察到4. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的be an
42、xious about 担心；焦虑be anxious to do sth. 急切干某事；渴望做某事be anxious for 盼望；渴望anxiety about/over 对的担心anxiety for 对 的担心anxiety to do sth. 渴望干某事的急切心情；做的渴望5. panic v/n. 惊慌；恐慌get into a panic 惊慌失措be in a panic 处于恐慌，惊恐中in panic 惊慌地panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人因惊慌而做某事panic over 对 感到惊慌in a state of panic 处于惊恐状态注意 panic 的过去式和过去分词都是 panicked；现在分词是 panicking。 6.guarantee v. 保证；担保guarantee (sb.) sth. 保证(某人)某事物guarantee that. 保证、担保guarantee to do 保证做；担保做be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定做某事be under guarantee 在保修期内give sb. a guarantee (that) 向某人保证
