1、1Lesson 15 Good news 佳音The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salar
2、ies. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come.Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice.Dont interrupt, he said.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!New words and expressions 生词和短语secretary n. 秘书 nervous adj. 精神紧张的 afford v. 负担得起 weak adj. 弱的int
3、errupt v. 插话，打断参考译文秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有 20 个人已经离去。我知道这次该轮到我了。“哈姆斯沃斯先生， ”我无力地说。“不要打断我的话， ”他说。然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到 1,000 英镑的额外收入。1. Good news 佳音news nju:z n. 1. u new information about sth. that has happened recently 消息；音信e.g. 有什么最新消息吗？W
4、hats the latest (leitistadj. 最近的；最新的) news?这真是好消息。Thats great news.把你最近的情况全都告诉我。Tell me all your news.你有没有玛丽的消息？Have you had any news of Mary?你是想先听好消息还是坏消息？Do you want the good news or the bad news first?一条/一则消息 a piece/bit of news2. u reports of recent events that appear in newspapers or on televis
5、ion or radio 媒体对重要事情的报道；新闻 e.g. 国内/国际新闻 national/international news 一则新闻；新闻报道 a news story/item/report她老上报纸。She is always in the news.这次婚礼成了头版新闻。The wedding was front-page news.3. (the news) sing a regular television or radio broadcast of the latest news(电视或广播中的)新闻节目 e.g. 收听/收看新闻节目 to listen to / wa
6、tch the news 九点的新闻报道 the nine oclock news4. u a person, thing or event that is considered to be interesting enough to be reported as news 新闻人物；新闻事件e.g. 流行音乐明星们总是新闻人物。Pop stars are always news.IDM: 1. be bad news (for sb./sth.) to be likely to cause problems 对不利e.g. 中央供暖系统可能不利于室内植物。Central heating is
7、 bad news for indoor plants.air conditioner kndin n. 空调机；空调设备(conditioner n. c, u 护发剂；护发素 shampoo mpu: n. (pl. -os) c, u 洗发剂；香波；洗涤剂 ) heater hi:t n. 加热器；炉子；热水器22. break the news (to sb.) to be the first to tell sb. some bad news 最先(向)透露坏消息；说出实情3. be good news (for sb./sth.) to be likely to be helpfu
8、l or give an advantage 对有利(或有益处)e.g. 降低利率对于私房买主来说是个福音。The cut(n. 削减，减少 ) in interest rates is good news for homeowners.(homeowner humun n. 房主)4. no news is good news (saying) if there were bad news we would hear it , so as we have heard nothing, it is likely that nothing bad has happened 没有消息就是好消息ne
9、ws agency (also press agency) n. 通讯社 newsagent nju:zednt (BrE)(AmE newsdealer) 1.报刊经销人；报刊经销商 2. (newsagents)(pl. newsagents) 报刊经销店；书报亭newscast nju:zk:st n. (esp.AmE) 新闻节目；新闻广播news conference n. (esp. AmE) =press conference 记者招待会；新闻发布会2. The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. 秘书告诉我说哈
10、姆斯沃斯先生要见我。1) secretary sekrtri n.(pl. -ies) (abbreviation Sec.)1. a person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with letters and telephone calls, typing, keeping records, arranging meetings with people, etc. 秘书e.g. 请和我的秘书联系，预约一个时间。Please contact kntkt my secretary to make an a
11、ppointment.(n. c (with sb.)约会；预约；约定)2. an official of a club, society, etc. who deals with writing letters, keeping records, and making business arrangements (俱乐部、社团等的)干事，文书3. (AmE) the head of a government department, chosen by the President 部长；大臣e.g. 财政部长 Secretary of the Treasury(treri n. (pl. -i
12、es) 1. (the Treasury) (英国、美国和一些其他国家的)财政部 2. c (城堡等中的)金银财宝库，宝库 )Secretary of State n. 1. (also Secretary) (in Britain) the head of an important government department(英国) 大臣e.g. 教育与就业大臣 the Secretary of State for Education and Employment2. (in the US)the head of the government department that deals wi
13、th foreign affairs(美国)国务卿Secretary General n. the person who is in charge of the administrative department of a large international or political organization (大型国际组织或政治组织的)秘书长，总干事，总书记：e.g. 北约前任秘书长 the former Secretary General of NATO(general adj. 1. 全体的；普遍的；总的 2. only before noun (also General)after
14、 noun 首席的；总管的 e.g. 总经理 the general manager)(NATOneitu =North Atlantic Treaty Organization It is an organization to which many European countries and the US and Canada belong .They agree to give each other military help if necessary 北约；北大西洋公约组织)secretarial ,sekrterl adj. involving or connected with t
15、he work of a secretary 秘书的；文秘工作的：e.g. 文秘工作；做秘书须具备的资格 secretarial work/qualifications(n. c 资格；学历)2) would 在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示 “想” 、 “要”的意思：e.g. 你想要吃(喝)什么？What would you like to have?约翰不愿意把他的自行车借给我。John wouldnt lend me his bicycle.33. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. 我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。n
16、ervous n:vs adj.1.(about/of sth.) anxious about sth. or afraid of sth.焦虑的；担忧的；惶恐的 opposite: confidente.g. 我在考试前感到非常紧张。I feel very nervous before exams.他从未当众讲过话，因此他非常紧张。He had never spoken in public, so he was very nervous.面试前我感到惶恐不安。I felt really nervous before the interview.他过去一直不敢邀请我们。He had been
17、nervous about inviting us. 这匹马可能害怕汽车。The horse may be nervous of cars.2.easily worried or frightened 神经质的；易紧张焦虑的；胆怯的： opposite: nerveless(n:vlsadj. 1.无力的；麻木的 2. 无谓的；镇定从容的；勇敢的)e.g. 她是个神经质的女人。你看见她脸上那种神经质的微笑了吗？She is a nervous woman. Do you see that nervous smile on her face?她是个瘦削而又胆怯的女孩儿。She was a thi
18、n, nervous girl.他不是那种好紧张的人。Hes not the nervous type.3. connected with the bodys nerves and often affecting you mentally or emotionally 神经系统的e.g. 神经紊乱；神经症 a nervous disorder/disease他的神经处于极度疲劳状态。He was in a state of nervous exhaustion gz:stn.adv. nervously e.g. 她露出不安的微笑。 She smiled nervously.n. nervou
19、sness u e.g. 他试图掩饰他的惶恐不安。He tried to hide his nervousness.nervous breakdown (also breakdown) n. a period of mental illness in which sb. becomes very depressed, anxious and tired, and cannot deal with normal life 神经衰弱 e.g.患神经衰弱 to have a nervous breakdown与 nervous 容易混淆的另一个词是 irritable(易怒的，急躁的)：irrita
20、ble rtbl adj. getting annoyed(adj. 恼怒；生气；烦恼) easily; showing your anger 易怒的；暴躁的 e.g. 我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。Our teacher is an irritable old lady. She gets angry easily.irritability ,rtblti n. u irritably rtbl adv. 4. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. 我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。在这句话的 look up 中，look
21、 是它的本义“看” 、 “瞧” 。look up 一般表示原先在埋头干什么之后抬头看：look up (from sth.) to raise your eyes when you are looking down at sth.(在低头看某物时) 抬头往上看 e.g. 我进房间时，她从书本上抬起头来看了看。She looked up from her book as I entered the room.他听到声音后就抬起了头。(原先在读书)He looked up (from his book) when he heard a noise.look up vi. (informal) (o
22、f business, sbs situation, etc.生意、某人的情况等 ) to become better 好转；改善：e.g. 情况终于开始好转了。At last things were beginning to look up.look sb. up no passive (informal) to visit or make contact with sb., esp. when you have not seen them for a long time(尤指在久别之后)拜访，看望，接触：e.g. 你下次到伦敦，一定来看我。Do look me up the next ti
23、me youre in London.4look sth. up to look for information in a dictionary or reference book(在词典或参考书中) 查阅，查检 e.g. 你查一查下一班火车的时间好吗？Can you look up the time of the next train?我在词典里查过这个词。I looked it up in the dictionary.5. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. 待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。6. He tol
24、d me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. 他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有 20 个人已经离去。1) afford f:d v.1. no passive(usually used with can, could or be able to, esp. in negative sentences or questions通常与 can、could 或 be able to 连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句) to have enough
25、money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.买得起;(有时间)做，能做：e.g. vn 我们今年买得起/买不起小汽车。We can/cant afford a car this year.她觉得再也抽不出时间歇班了。She felt she couldnt afford any more time off work.v to inf 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱去国外。We cant afford to go abroad this summer.vn to inf 那时他没有钱旅行。He couldnt then afford the money t
26、o go on the trip.2. no passive(usually used with can or could, esp. in negative sentences and questions 通常与can 或 could 连用，尤用于否定句或疑问句) if you say that you cant afford to do sth., you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do 承担得起(后果) ：e.g. v to inf 我们对这个警告决不能等闲视之
27、。 We cannot afford to ignore this warning.我不能再病了。I cant afford to be ill again.vn 我们不能再有任何耽搁了。We cannot afford any more delays.我只能为这次旅行抽出一周的时间。I can only afford one week for the trip.3. (formal) to provide sb. with sth.提供，给予：e.g. vnn 那天晚上玛丽为我们提供了一个房间过夜。Mary afforded us a room for the night.这项计划给年轻人提
28、供了获得工作经验的机会。The programme prugrm(AmE program) affords young people the chance to gain work experience.affordability ,f:dblti n.u affordable f:dbl adj. e.g. 付得起的价格 affordable prices2) such 和 so 都可以用来表示程度，意思是“如此；这样”，但用法却不相同。 1such 是形容词，用来修饰名词，名词前有无形容词都可以；so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，形容词后可以省略名词。例如： He is such a（b
29、ig）fool他是个（大）傻瓜。 He is so foolish（a man） 他是如此愚蠢（的一个人） 。 2单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时，so 和 such 的位置不同。前者为“so 形容词冠词名词”，后者为“such冠词形容词名词”。例如： I know such a clever boy我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 I know so clever a boy我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 3so 后即使有形容词，也不能修饰复数名词或不可数名词，而 such 则可以。例如： They are such useful books它们是如此有用的书。 He gave us such good
30、 food他给了我们这么好的食物。 4名词前有表示“多、少” 意义的 many，much，few，little 等修饰词时，要用 so，不用such。例如： 5There are so many flowers in our school garden我们学校的花园里有那么多的花。 Youll find English a bridge to so much knowledge你会发现英语是通向如此丰富知识的桥梁。I have so little money that I cant lend you any我的钱很少，不能借给你。 5当 little 表示“小”的意思修饰可数名词时，其前只能用
31、 such，不能用 so。例如： I have never seen such little sheep before我以前从没见过这么小的绵羊。7. I knew that my turn had come. 我知道这次该轮到我了。turn 在这里是名词，意为“轮流” 、 “轮班” 、 “(依次轮流时各自的) 一次机会”：e.g. 我已经问了两个问题。该轮到你了。I have already asked two questions. Now its your turn.轮到他时，他却一个字也说不出来。When his turn came, he couldnt speak any word.
32、8. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. “哈姆斯沃斯先生， ”我无力地说。Dont interrupt, he said. “不要打断我的话， ”他说。1) weak 在这里不是指身体虚弱，而是指声音“微弱” 、 “无力” ，因为怕被开除而感到紧张。weak wi:k adj. (weaker, weakest)1. not physically strong 虚弱的；无力的e.g. 她病后仍然虚弱。She is still weak after her illness.2. that cannot support a lot of weight;
33、 likely to break 不牢固的；易损坏的；易破的e.g. 那座桥梁不太牢固，承受不住过多的车辆。That bridge is too weak to carry heavy traffic.3. easy to influence; not having much power 易受影响的，懦弱的；软弱无力的e.g. 软弱无力的领导人；弱国 a weak leader/country在这个行业，工会一直没有权威。The unions have always been weak in this industry.4. not financially strong or successf
34、ul 疲软的；萧条的e.g. 疲软的经济/市场 a weak economy/market5. (in sth.) not good at sth. 不善于；不擅长； (能力)弱的，差的e.g. 我总是学不好理科。I was always weak in the science subjects.(文科：the liberal arts)6. that people are not likely to believe or be persuaded by 不能令人信服的；不能说服人的e.g. 无说服力的证据 weak evidence7. not easily seen or heard 微弱
35、的；隐约的 e.g. 微弱的光线/信号/ 声音 a weak light/signal/sound8. point/spot(n. 1.斑点 2. 污迹，脏点 3.地点，场所 4. of sth 少量；一点) the part of a persons character, an argument(论据，论点) , etc. that is easy to attack or criticize 弱点；缺点；不足之处e.g. 这个队的弱点在防守。The teams weak points are in defence.IDM: 1. weak at the knees (informal) h
36、ardly able to stand because of emotion, fear, illness, etc.(因激动、恐惧、疾病等)两腿发软e.g. 他突然笑了笑使得她两膝发软。His sudden smile made her go weak at the knees.2. the weak link (in the chain) the point at which a system or an organization is most likely to fail 薄弱环节 e.g. 她径直攻击他的辩论中的一个薄弱环节。She went straight for the one
37、 weak link in the chain of his argument.weaken wi:kn v. 1. to make sb./sth. less strong or powerful; to become less strong or powerful(使) 虚弱，衰弱；减弱；削弱 opposite: strengthen6e.g. vn 这个队因伤实力减弱。The team has been weakened by injury.v 他的权威日趋减弱。His authority is steadily (adv. 稳步地，持续地，匀速地) weakening.2. to ma
38、ke sb. less physically strong; to become less physically strong(使)虚弱，衰弱e.g. vn 爆炸松动了这座楼房的地基。The explosion had weakened the buildings foundations.v 她觉得两腿无力。She felt her legs weaken.3. to become or make sb. become less determined or certain about sth.使( 肯定程度)减弱；动摇；犹豫 e.g. vn 什么也不能削弱他继续下去的决心。Nothing co
39、uld weaken his resolve to continue.(resolve rizlv n. u(to do sth.) (formal) strong determination to achieve sth.决心；坚定的信念 v. 1. vt. 解决(问题或困难) 2. (on sth./on doing sth)决心；决定)weakly adv. in a weak way 虚弱地；软弱无力地；懦弱地；冷淡地weakness n. 1. u lack of strength, power or determination 软弱；虚弱；疲软；衰弱；懦弱2. c a weak p
40、oint in a system, sb.s character, etc. (系统、性格等的)弱点，缺点，不足3.c, usually sing. (for sth./sb.) difficult in resisting sth./sb. that you like very much(对人或事物的)迷恋，无法抗拒：e.g. 他爱吃巧克力。He has a weakness for chocolate.2) interrupt ntrpt v. 1. (sb./sth.) (with sth.) to say or do sth. that makes sb. stop what they
41、 are saying or doing 插嘴；打扰；打岔 e.g. v 对不起打扰一下，有人要见你。Sorry to interrupt, but theres someone to see you.请你别老是插嘴好吗？Would you mind not interrupting all the time?vn 我希望我没有打搅你。I hope Im not interrupting you.他们被敲门声打断了。They were interrupted by a knock at the door.2. vt. to stop the continuous progress of sth
42、. for a short time 暂停；中断：e.g. 比赛因下雨中断了几次。The game was interrupted several times by rain.3. vt. to stop a line, surface, view, etc. from being even or continuous 阻断，遮挡(连续线条、平面、景色等)interruption ntrpn n. c, u1. something that temporarily(temprerl adv.暂时地) stops an activity or a situation; a time when a
43、n activity is stopped 阻断物；中断时间e.g. 我总算连续工作了两小时。I managed to work for two hours without interruption.2. the act of interrupting sb./sth. and of stopping them from speaking 打扰；插嘴；打岔：e.g. 他没有理会她的打岔。He ignored her interruptions.她连续讲了 20 分钟。She spoke for 20 minutes without interruption.9. Then he smiled
44、and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! 然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到 1,000 英镑的额外收入。1) extra ekstr adj., n., adv.adj. more than is usual, expected, or than exists already 额外的；分外的；外加的；附加的synonym: additional e.g. 星期天我通常要多睡一会儿。On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep.他上个月多得了 100 英镑。Last mo
45、nth, he was paid an extra hundred pounds.供应早餐，不另收费。Breakfast is provided at no extra charge.今晚在路上要格外小心。Take extra care on the roads this evening.我需要一些额外的钱。I need some extra money.n. 71. a thing that is added to sth. that is not usual, standard or necessary and that costs more(sth added, for which an
46、 extra charge is made)额外的事物；另外收费的事物：e.g. 在这家旅店热水浴另外收费。At this hotel a hot bath is an extra.2. a special edition (idin n. 版次，版本；（报纸、杂志的）一份；) (=one printing)of a newspaper报纸的 号外 e.g.晚间最新号外！Late evening extra!3. a person who is employed to play a very small part in a film/movie, usually as a member of
47、a crowd(电影里的)临时演员，群众演员e.g. 我们拍摄战争场面需要数百名临时演员。We need hundreds of extras for the battle scenes.adv. 1. in addition; more than is usual, expected, or exists already (additional(ly); beyond what is usual or necessary)额外；另外；外加e.g. 另外收费；另付；额外花费 to charge/pay/cost extra 晚饭的价钱是三英镑，酒水另计。Dinner costs 3 pound
48、s, and wine is extra.他们对酒水另外收钱。They charge extra for wine.用于名词后 我不得不另付三英镑。I had to pay 3 extra.2. (with an adjective or adverb 与形容词或副词连用) more than usually 特别；格外；分外：e.g. 我要特别努力地工作。Im going to work extra hard.你要格外小心，别犯错误。You need to be extra careful not to make any mistakes.extra time (BrE) (AmE overtime) n. u (sport 体) ( 足球比赛等的) 加时赛e.g. 他们在加时赛中仅踢进一球即获胜。They won by a single goal after extra time.extra- ekstr prefix (in adjectives 构成形容词)1. outside; beyond 在之外；超出；越出e.g. extra-curricular krikjul adj. only
