1、六级翻译1.孔子(Confucius)是春秋时期鲁国人，中国古代伟大的思想家、教育家、政治家和儒家思想(Confucianism)的创始人。他一生大部分时间都在从事教育事业，培养出很多知识渊博且有才能的人。作为儒家学派的创始人，孔子的思想以“仁”(benevolence)为核心。他的思想和学说的精华收录于论语(“The Analects”)一书。孔子所创立的包括哲学、政治、道德和教育的完整学说，影响中国长达两千多年，是中华文化的宝贵遗产。同时，孔子的思想对世界也产生了深远的影响，推动了世界文明的发展。Confucius, who lived in the State of Lu during
2、the Spring and Autumn period, was a great thinker, educator, politician and founder of Confucianism in ancient China. With most of his life engaged in education, Confucius had educated many knowledgeable and talented people. As the founder of Confucianism, he made “benevolence” the core of his thoug
3、ht. The essence of his thoughts and theories are recorded in the book “The Analects”. Regarded as the precious legacy of Chinese culture, the complete theory of Confucius, which embraces the study in philosophy, politics, ethics and education, has influenced China for over 2,000 years. Meanwhile, hi
4、s thoughts also have a profound impact on the world and have advanced the development of world civilization.2.中国航天工程神舟号宇宙飞船以其十次成功发射给全世界留下了印象。1992 年，中国载人航天工程正式获得批准。1999 年 11 月 20 日，中国首只无人操作飞船“神舟一号”成功发射，这标志着中国在太空探索中取得首个巨大突破。在接下来的三年，无人操作飞船的几次试验飞行(test flight)相继执行。第五次发射的“神舟五号”在 2003 年 10 月 15 日第一次将中国首位宇
5、航员送入太空。自此，中国成为继俄罗斯和美国之后第三个具备自主载人航天能力的国家。Shenzhou spacecraft of Chinas space program has already made a worldwide impression with 10 successful blastoffs. Chinas Manned Space Program was formally approved In 1992. On November 20, 1999, Chinas first unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou 1, was successfully la
6、unched, which marked Chinas first great breakthrough in space exploration. In the following three years, several test flights of unmanned spacecrafts were successively carried out. The fifth launch, Shenzhou 5, was the first to carry first Chinese astronaut into space on 15 October 2003. Since then,
7、 China has became the third country in the world to have independent manned space flight capability after Russia and the United States.3.闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸 6，000 多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器(porcelain)也传遍全球。物质文化的交流
8、是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。The well-known Silk Road is a series of routes linking the East and the West. Extending over 6,000 kilometers, the Silk Road got its name from the silk trade in ancient China. Trades on the Silk Road played significant roles in the development of the civilizations o
9、f China, South Asia, Europe and the Middle East. It is through the Silk Road that the Four Great Inventions in China-paper-making, gun powder, compass and printing-were introduced to all over the world. Likewise, silk, tea and porcelain spread globally from China as well. Since the exchange of the m
10、aterial culture is always a two-way phenomenon, Europe has also exported various commodities and plants by means of the Silk Road to meet the needs of the Chinese market.4.中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape)。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自
11、然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山(rockwork)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷(scroll)一般展现在面前。The Chinese garden has evolved into a kind of unique landscape over the past 3,000 years. It includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for the members of the royal f
12、amily, and private gardens built as retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature intended to express the idea that man should live in harmony with nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various building
13、s linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockworks, trees and flowers scattered in it. Wandering in such a garden, people may see a series of well-designed landscapes showing themselves just like a scroll of painting featuring landscapes.5.能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。人类文明跨出重要的每一步都伴随着能源的革新和更替(
14、substitution)。能源的开发利用(utilization)极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应的持续增长，为经济增长和社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。作为世界能源市场不可替代的重要组成部分，中国在维护全球能源安全上，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Every significant step in the progress of huma
15、n civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. The development and utilization of energy has enormously boosted the development of the world economy and human society. China is now the worlds second-largest energy producer and consumer. The sustained growth of energy su
16、pply has provided an important support for the countrys economic growth and social progress, while the rapid expansion of energy consumption has created a vast scope for the global energy market. As an irreplaceable component of the world energy market, China plays an increasingly important role in
17、maintaining global energy security.6.新主流消费群(new mainstream customers)是指年收入超过 10.6 万元的消费人群。他们与传统消费者有着截然不同的消费行为，该群体更注重个人享受，购物时更注重情感诉求(emotional consideration)。另外，他们有自己喜爱的特定品牌，并且偏爱网上购物。但同时，传统消费者的诸多典型特点仍然保留在这一群体身上。据预测，到 2020 年，新主流消费群在中国的人数将达到 4 亿，占据中国所有城市居民的一半以上，他们的消费模式也将代表全国普遍的消费标准。New mainstream custo
18、mers refer to those with an annual income above 106,000 Yuan. With totally different spending behavior from that of traditional customers, they lay more stress on personal enjoyment and take more emotional considerations into account when making purchases. In addition, they are fond of certain brand
19、s and prefer online shopping. But at the same time, many typical features of traditional customers can also be found in them. It is predicted that the number of new mainstream customers will be 400 million by the year of 2020, which accounts for more than half of city dwellers in China. Their spendi
20、ng modes will become the general standards all over the country.7.微博(microblog)是一种近几年开始兴起的社交网络服务。简单地说，就是随时随地将你生活中的所见、所闻和所想写成不超过 140 个字的几句话或者图片，通过电脑或手机发到微博上，和你的朋友分享。作为一种交际工具和获取信息的平台，这种新型的交流方式在不同年龄段的人群中都很流行。国际上最知名的微博网站是 Twitter，很多国际知名人士和组织在这里进行交流。 “新浪微博”(Sina nicroblog)是中国此类网站中最常访问的网站。现在微博已经成为中国网民(net
21、izen) 上网的主要活动之一。Arising in recent years, microblog is a social networking service. To put it simply, you send several sentences of no more than 140 words or picture to the microblog via computer or cell phone, sharing what you see, hear and think in your lives with your friends anytime and anywhere.
22、 As a communication tool and platform to obtain information, this new means of communication has been popular among people of different ages. The international best-known microblog website is Twitter, on which a great many renowned individuals and organizations communicate. The Sina microblog is the
23、 most visited such site in China. At present, microblog has become one of the major online activities of Chinese netizens.8.希望工程(Project Hope)是于 1989 年发起的一项公益事业，以救助贫困地区失学少年儿童(young dropouts)为目的。帮助建设希望小学与资助贫困学生是希望工程实施的两大主要任务。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，贫困地区缺乏教育经费的问题依旧严峻，有超过三千万6 到 14 岁的少年儿童因贫困而不能上学或者被迫辍学。希望工程的实施，改变了
24、一大批失学儿童的命运，改善了贫困地区的学校实施，极大地促进了基础教育的发展，弘扬了助人为乐的优良传统。Project Hope is a public good project launched in 1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts in poverty-stricken areas. The two major tasks of Project Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schools and fund poor students. China is still a develo
25、ping country, thus shortage of education fund in poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem. Because of poverty, mora than 30 million children between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out. The implement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dro
26、pouts and improves the school facilities in poverty-stricken areas. The development of basic education is thus greatly enhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in helping others is also promoted.9.几百年来，昆曲在表演(staging)的通俗性上经历了种种波折，然而从未有人怀疑过它在戏剧领域享有的最高(supreme) 地位。昆曲在其他形式的传统戏剧的创立中发挥了指导性的作用，并产
27、生了一批致力于昆曲的追随者(devotee)。昆曲陶冶了中国古代文人的性情，这方面的作用是无法低估的。近年来，随着中国人的思维观念和生活方式发生了迅速而巨大的变化，昆曲的生存问题面临着巨大的挑战。然而在这个相对不利的环境中，昆曲仍保持着它古老的传统。Kunqu has, for several centuries, undergone ups and downs in staging popularity, but its supreme status in the field of opera has never been challenged. It has played a guidin
28、g role in the creation of other forms of traditional opera, and generated a dedicated following of devotees. Its role in fostering the spirit of ancient Chinese men of letters cannot be underestimated. In recent years, with the rapid and dramatic changes in concepts and lifestyles of the Chinese peo
29、ple, the survival of Kunqu has faced an enormous challenge. Within this relatively harsh environment, however, Kunqu has still been preserving its ancient tradition.10.北京大学于 1898 年在北京成立，原名为京师大学堂(the Imperial University of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上，它是进步思想的中心，对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今
30、天，国内不少排名将北京大学列入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、为保持其领先研究机构的地位，学校已做了很大努力。此外，学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。Peking University was established in Beijing in 1898 and was originally known as the Imperial University of Peking. The establishment of the university marked the beginning of Chinas modern history
31、 of higher education. In modern history of China, it was a center for progressive thought and was influential in the birth of Chinas New Culture Movement, May Fourth Movement and many other significant events. Today, many domestic rankings place Peking University amongst the top universities in Chin
32、a. The university lays emphasis on both teaching and scientific research. Great efforts have been made to improve the quality of undergraduate and graduate education and maintain its role as a leading research institution. In addition, the University is especially renowned for its campus environment
33、 and the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.11.在大多数中国城市，晚饭以后商家就关门了，但是上海却不会这么早就入睡。一度以夜生活和其文化闻名于世的上海经过几十年的消沉，又开始重获昔日的盛名。随着上海经济的迅速发展，在过去的十年中，上海的夜生活确实丰富起来了。在市区，人们可以以各种方式消磨夜晚，受欢迎的夜总会大多到凌晨 2 点才关门。此外，上海拥有各种剧院，在那里人们可以欣赏到话剧、马戏(acrobatics)、中国传统戏剧、音乐会等，上海的夜生活正日趋成熟。Most Chinese cities go to rest wit
34、h their stores closed after dinner, but Shanghai wont go to sleep so early. The city, once famous for its nightlife and culture, shows signs of reclaiming its reputation after being in a slump for several decades. With the rapid growth of Shanghais economy, nightlife in the city has really come of a
35、ge in the past decade. A night in the downtown can be just about anything. Most of the popular nightclubs stay open till 2 am. Moreover, Shanghai boasts various theaters, where plays, acrobatics, traditional Chinese operas and concerts are presented. The nightlife in Shanghai is maturing day by day.
36、12.自从 1949 年新中国成立以来，中国政府一直十分重视教育，通过颁布(promulgate)一系列法律法规来保护不同群体的公民受教育的权利，尤其是保护少数民族、妇女、儿童和残疾人受教育的权利。五十多年来，通过持续不断的努力，中国的教育事业取得了长足的进步。中国是一个人口众多、经济和文化发展不平衡的大国，教育事业还有待进一步发展。但我们仍然有信心建立起一个与国情相适应的、面向 21 世纪的教育体制。Since 1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was founded, Chinese government has always been pla
37、cing education on its higher agenda. It aims to protect the education rights of its population from different angles, especially of ethnic minority groups, children, women and the disabled by promulgating a series of regulations and laws. Through uninterrupted efforts in the past five decades, China
38、 has made significant progress in its education sector . China is a country of large population, unbalanced economic and cultural development, with its education sector needing further development. But we still have confidence in building up an educational framework compatible with Chinas conditions
39、 and oriented to the 21st century.13.秦始皇是中国历史上杰出的政治家、战略家和改革家。13 岁继承王位，39 岁统一中国并自封“始皇帝”(First Emperor)，建立第一个统一的、多民族、中央集权制国家。统一中国之后，他推行了一系列改革，比如统一度量衡单位和货币标准、统一文字(the Chinese script)。他在位期间还进行多项浩大工程，比如修建长城和他的陵墓等。为了加强统治，他禁止、焚烧经典书籍，坑杀儒士(Confucian scholars)。虽然他的一些举措给人民带来沉重的灾难，但他的功绩远大于过失。Qin Shi Huang is an
40、 outstanding statesman, strategist and reformer in the history of China. He inherited the throne at the age of 13. At the age of 39, he unified China and proclaimed himself the First Emperor, establishing the first united, multi-ethnic and centralized country. After the unification of China, he pass
41、ed a series of reforms, for example, standardizing the units of measurements and the currency, unifying the Chinese script. He also undertook gigantic projects such as the construction of the Great Wall and his tomb in his reign. To strengthen his rule, he outlawed and burned classic books and buried some Confucian scholars alive. Although some of his measures brought people heavy disaster, his achievement is far more than his error.
