1、英语连系动词的分类及用法从意义上讲，连系动词可分为两大类：一类表示某种相对静止的特征或状态，(表示状态和状态的持续,)如:be(是), seem(似乎), look(看起来), appear(似乎), feel(觉得), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), keep(保持), remain(保持), stand(站立), lie( 躺), stay(停留)等。另一类表示某种状态的变化演变过程。(表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态,)如：become(变成 ), go(变得), get(变得), turn(变成), grow(长成), fall(变成某种状态),
2、come(成为), run(变成)等。补充：一些感官动词也可以作联系动词（link.v）例如：look, sound , smell, taste, feel, see, watch, hear 等。(没有被动式)(1) 状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。 （is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。 ）She is always like that. 她总是那样。I am used to going about alone. 我习惯于独来独往。These shoes are too tight for me. 这双鞋我穿太小。(2)
3、 持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如：I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你身体好。He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。The door remained closed. 门仍然关着。We can remain friends. 我们可以继续做朋友。Please stay seated. 请继续坐着。He stayed single. 他仍然是单身。(3) 表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有 seem, appear, look
4、 等。如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) quite happy. 他好像很快活。The doctor seemed very capable. 那医生似乎很能干。He appeared quite well. 他显得身体相当好。He appeared taken aback. 他似乎很吃惊。She appeared perplexed. 她显得迷惑不解。(4) 感官系动词：表示“起来”，有 feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等。没有被动式如: 中文:他保持沉默. (误
5、)He is remained silent. (正)He remains silent.This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布摸起来很软。He looks honest, but actually hes a rogue. 他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋。They all look alike to me. 他们的模样我看起来都一样。Everybody feels contented. 每个人都感到很满足。Ice feels cold. 冰感觉起来是凉的。Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。It sounds
6、 a good idea. 这听起来是个好主意。This food tastes good. 这菜好吃。(5) 变化系动词：表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run除表示从一种状态转变为另一种状态的联系动词和在个别情况下的联系动词 be 外,其他联系动词没有进行时。状态的变化演变过程例句：The days are getting longer and longer.白天越来越长。He was only being kind for the moment.他只是一时的仁慈。如：He became mad after th
7、at. 自那之后，他疯了。She had grown thinner and thinner. 她越来越瘦了。His cold was growing worse. 他的感冒越来越严重了。Shes growing fat. 她正在发胖。Hes grown used to it. 他对此已经习惯。When she saw this, she turned red. 她看到这，脸红了。His hair turned grey in a few weeks. 在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。The milk will soon turn sour. 牛奶很快就会变酸。Several people fe
8、ll ill, victims of blood poisoning. 几个人生病了，都是血中毒的受害者。We get wiser as we get old. 随着年岁的增长，我们也变得聪明些了。Your hair has gone quite white! 你的头发全白了!She went pale at the news. 听到这消息，她脸色变得苍白。When I mentioned it to him he went red. 我对他提及此事时他脸红了。He went mad. 他疯了The children must not go hungry. 孩子们不能挨饿。(6) 终止系动词：
9、 表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove, turn out(结果是，证明是) 等。表达“证实“ ，“变成“之意例如： The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。 （turn out 表终止性结果） . (详细讲解)例句: (1)be 意为“是，在，存在，成为“ 等What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大了想干什么？(2)look 意为“看上去，显得“She looked
10、 a little tired.她看起来有点疲倦。(3)seem 意为“好像，似乎，仿佛“She seemed an honest woman.她看上去是个老实人。(4)feel 意为“感觉到，摸起来“This skirt feels soft.这条裙子摸起来很柔软。(5)sound 意为“听起来“Her idea sounded great.她的主意听起来很不错。(6)taste 意为“尝起来有 的味道“The food tastes good.那些食物味道很好。(7)smell 意为“闻上去“The flowers smell sweet.这些花芳香袭人。(8)appear 意为“看起来(
11、 好像)“It appears a true story.这似乎是个真实的故事。(9)stand 意为“处于某种状态“The door stood open.门开着。(10)remain 意为 “仍然、保持“The weather still remained cold in April.虽然时节已进入四月，天气仍然还很冷。(11)stay 意为“保持某种状态“The shop stays open till seven oclock.那家商店一直营业到 7 点。(12)keep 意为“保持“Keep quiet, please.请保持安静。(1)become 意为“变成，成为“Edison
12、finally became a great inventor.爱迪生最后成了一名伟大的发明家。(2)get 意为“变得 “The weather gets warmer and the days get longer in spring.春天天气越来越暖和，白天越来越长。(3)grow 意为“渐渐变得“It was growing dark.天色渐渐暗下来。(4)turn 意为 “变，变成“The leaves are turning yellow.树叶慢慢地变黄了。(5)go 意为“变为“Eggs can go bad easily in summer.夏季，鸡蛋容易变坏。(6)fall
13、意为“进入某种状态，变得“His horse fell lame.他的马瘸了.练习题（ ）1. What is Mr Wang like? _.A. He is a teacher B. He is old and kind C. He looks like a balloon D. He likes English（ ）2. What Mr White said sounds_.A. friendly B. wonderfully C. pleasantly D. nicely（ ） 3. The poor boy _ blind at the age of three.A. turned
14、B. goes C. became D. went（ ） 4. When he was a child he_ .A. grew patience B. was alive C. ran wild D. came true( )5. His voice_ as if he has a cold. A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems( ) 6. This shirt_ as if it is made of cotton. A. is B. looks C. feels D. seems( ) 7. He looks _ he hadnt had a g
15、ood meal for a monthA. that B. as if C. when D. so far( ) 8. It _that he was late for the train. A. looks B. turns C. gets D. seems( ) 9. These apples taste_. A. to he good B. to be well C. well D. good( ) 10. Do you like the shirt? Yes, it _ very soft. A. feels B. felt C. is feeling D. is felt( ) 1
16、1. The moment Mr Zhang went to bed, he_ asleep A. kept B. got C. fell D. fall( ) 12. When I went home yesterday, it was _ dark. A. going B. getting C. running D. coming( ) 13. Their plan _ to be a perfect one. A. proved B. was proved C. is proving D.proving( ) 14. The flowers in the garden _ sweet.
17、A. sound B. taste C. become D. smell( ) 15. She_ like her mother in character. A. looks B. seems C. is D. feels( ) 16. It_ another fine day tomorrow. A. seems B. promises C. appears D. looks( ) 17. He _ much younger than he really is. A. appears B. grows C. becomes D. turns( ) 18. You_ very pale. Do
18、 you feel sick? A. looked B. look C. looking D. are looked( ) 19. His wish to become a driver has _true. A. turned B. realized C. come D. grown( ) 20. Her father _a writer. A. turned B. grew C. has turned D. has become( ) 21. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. am B. are C. is D. were( ) 22. He _ a famous
19、writer. A. turns B. become C. has become D. has turned( ) 23. The girls face _ red. A. turned B. got C. feel D. look( ) 24. He _ very glad. A. looked B. turned C. feel D. looks( ) 25. The flowers _ fragrant （芳香）. A. get B. smells C. smell D. feels( ) 26. The table _ very smooth. A. look B. turn C. f
20、eels D. smell( ) 27. Jack _ younger than Tom. A. look B. feel C. feels D. looks( ) 28. She looks _. A. happy B. to be happy C. happily D. that she is happy（二）用 smell，taste，go，get，become，grow ，seem ， look，feel，turn 的适当形式填空：1. You _ _ _ very young.2. At first those questions_ _ _easy, but later I foun
21、d them difficult.3. After the sports meeting, he _ _ _very tired.4. My younger brother _ _ _a student last year.5. When we_ _ _ up, were going to help build up our country.6. The flowers _ _ _very sweet.7. Her face _ _ _red.8. Jack _ _ _very happy.9. The mooncake _ _ _good.10. The meat_ _ _bad.答案与分析
22、1. B Whats.like?是询问人或事物的性质特征情况的交际用语，答语中常含有说明性质特征情况的形容词。2. A sound 表示“ 听起来”，后面接形容词作表语，答案 B、C、D 均为副词。3. D 若人或事物的情况变化是永久性的或难以扭转的坏变化时，用系动词 go 表示。4. C run wild 是固定搭配，表示 “放荡不羁”。5. A sound 表示“ 听起来” ，后面接 as if 引导的表语从句，表示对主语所表示的特征、状态或性质作出的反应及判断。6. C feel 作系动词用时，表示“(东西)摸上去令人有某种感觉”。7. B as if 引导表语从句时，从句谓语动作发生在
23、主句谓语动作之前，从句谓语用过去完成式。4/6 页8. D “ It seems that” 表示“看起来”。是固定句型，强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断。9. D taste 表示“尝起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语。10. A feel 表示“(某物)摸上去(令人) 有某种感觉”时，是系动词，用于一般现在时。11. D fall asleep 表示“ 入睡”，是固定搭配，根据题意，应用过去时。12. B get 表示“逐渐起来”、 “开始起来” 时，是系动词，多用于进行时。13. A prove 表示 “证明是”时，是系动词。14. D smell 表示“有的气味”
24、、 “散发气味” 时，是系动词，后面接形容词。15. C belike 表示 “看起来像”时，既可指外貌，又可指品质和特征，侧重于特征。16. B promise 表示“有的可能”、 “给人以的指望” 时，是系动词，后面接名词作表语。17. A appear 表示 “看起来”时，是系动词。侧重于在外表给人某种印象，常为 “假象”。18. B look 表示“显得” 、 “看起来”时，是系动词，后面接形容词作表语，用进行时态，常带有感情色彩。19. C come true 是固定搭配，表示“实现” ，其中 come 是系动词，表示“成为”、 “变得”。20. D become 表示“变成”，作系
25、动词用，在后面作表语的名词前要加 a 或 an。turn 后跟可数名词单数要去掉 a(n)。汉语中表示两个过程按比例同时增加时，用“越越”结构。英语中用“the +比较级，the+ 比较级” 结构。这种结构通常从句在前，主句在后，即：第一个 the+比较级为状语从句，第二个 the+比较级为主句。句型中的连个“the”都是指示副词。两个 “the”的后面都必须跟形容词或副词的比较级形式。不过有的语法书中说“第一个 the 引导的句子是比较状语从句” 。 这种结构中的谓语动词一般情况下：主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态（代替将来时态） 。试比较下列例句的用法:1.The more, the b
26、etter.多多益善。2.The sooner, the better. 愈快愈好。3.The more you learn, the more you wish to learn.你学得越多，你越是想学。4.The sooner you start, the sooner you will finish. 你开始的越早，你就完成得越快。5.The more exciting it is, the happier they are.越是有趣，他们就越是高兴。6.The more I know him, the more I like him.我越认识他，就越喜欢他。7.The more you
27、 read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得就越多。8.The hotter the air is, the more quickly it will rise.空气越热，它就上升得越快。9.The more learned a man is ,the more modest he usually is.一个人越有学问，就往往越谦虚。10.The more you know ,the more you will realize how little you know.知道得越多，越会体会到自己知道得有限。注意：有时这种句型中主句用主谓倒装形式。例如：T
28、he smaller the house is, the less will it cost us to heat.房子越小，花的取暖费就越少。The more we thought of the lost boy, the more did we get worried.我们越想那个丢失的孩子，就越是着急。（1） “the more,the more”句型为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，常表示“越,就越” ，是一个复合句，其中前面句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。The 用在形容词或副词的比较级前。5/6 页上拉加载下一页 The more he gets, the more he
29、 wants.他越来越贪（他得到的越多，就越想要） 。 The more she learns, the more she wants to learn.她越学就越想学。（2） “the+比较级，the+ 比较级”句型主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 The higher the ground is, the thinner the air becomes.离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。 The harder he worked, the more he got.他工作越努力，得到的就越多。（3）若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 The harder y
30、ou work, the greater progress you will make.你越用功，进步就越大。The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.战争持续越久，那里的人们受难就越多。（4）在这种句型中，主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化，常把被强调的部分提前。 The faster you run, the better it will be. 你跑得越快越好。（5）这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略，特别是谚语、俗语，只要意义明确，越简单越好。The more, the better. 多多益善。The
31、sooner, the better. 越早越好。（6）这种句型中的比较部分通常是状语、宾语、表语，也可以是主语。The more English you practice, the better your English is. 你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。The more air there is inside the tyre, the greater the pressure there is in it. 轮胎里空气越多，里面的压力就越大。（7）若表示“越,越不”，常用“the more,the less”句型。The more she flatters me, the less Ilike her.她越逢迎我，我越不喜欢她。（8）若表示“越不,就越”，常用“the less,the more”句型。The less he worried, the better he worked. 他越不烦恼，工作就干得越好。
