1、1数词用法详解表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。基数词:表示数目或数量的多少。1. 基数词的构成:1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety. 100 100 a/one hundred 1,000 a/
2、one thousand 1,000,000 a/one million 1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million 注意:1)英语中没有“万” ,表示“万”时用“十千” 。ten thousand 一万 fifty thousand 五万2)ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion 与基数词连用时,一般不变复数。当表示约数时,此时这些词与 of 连用,用复数形式,其前不能有具体的数字修饰,但可以被 many, several, a few 等词修饰。tens of 数十 hundreds
3、of 数百 thousands of 数千 score, dozen 也可表示数量,其用法与 hundred, thousand 类似:a score of books 二十本书 scores of books 几十本书 two score of books 四十本书 two dozen books 两打书3)千以上的数字,从后往前数,每三位加“, ”;第一个“, ”前为 thousand, 第二个 “, ”前为 million ,第三个“, ”前为 one thousand million 或 one billion, 然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。4)百位和十位之间要有“and”:12
4、3,506,894 one hundred and twenty-three million, five hundred and six thousand, eight hundred and ninety-four 若百位与千位或千位与个位之间为零,则需加“and”:1,001 one thousand and one 405 four hundred and five 2. 基数词的用法1)作主语:Three will be enough for us. 三个对我们来说就足够了。Two of the girls are from Tokyo.这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。2)作宾语:Four
5、people applied for this job, but we only need one.四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。3)作表语:The population of China is over 1.3 billion. 中国有十三亿多人口。Im twenty while my brother is sixteen.我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。4)作定语:We have 300 workers in our company.我们公司有三百名员工。Forty students were involved in the interview.2四十名学生参加了这次采访。5)作同位语:You
6、 two clean these seats.你们两个打扫这些位子。Have you got tickets for us three?有我们三个人的票吗?序数词:表示顺序或等级。1. 序数词的构成:1-10 first 1 st; second 2nd; third 3rd; fourth 4th; fifth 5th; sixth 6th; seventh 7th;eighth 8th; ninth 9th; tenth 10th.11-19 eleventh 11th; twelfth 12th; thirteenth 13th; fourteenth 14th ; fifteenth
7、15th; sixteenth 16th; seventeenth 17th; eighteenth 18th;nineteenth 19th.20-90 twentieth 20th; thirtieth 30th; fortieth 40th; fiftieth 50th; sixtieth 60th;seventieth 70th; eightieth 80th; ninetieth 90th.100 100 hundredth 1,000 thousandth 1,000,000 millionth 1,000,000,000 billionth 注意:1)注意下列几个序数词的拼写形式
8、。fifth eighth ninth twelfth twentieth 2)序数词的缩写形式是在数字后直接加上序数词最后两个字母构成。1st , 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 31st, 32nd, 44th 等。3)两位数及两位数以上的词,只需把个位数变为序数词,其他数不变。twenty-first; twenty-second; twenty-third; one hundred and twenty-fourth 等。2. 序数词的用法1) 作主语:The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。The first bottle has bee
9、n full but the second is empty.第一个瓶已满,但第二个还空着。2) 作宾语:I got a third in biology.我生物得到了第三名。Do you prefer the first or the second?第一个和第二个你更喜欢哪一个呢?3) 作表语:I will be the first to support you and the last to oppose you.我将是第一个支持你的人,也是最不会反对你的人。Columbus was the first who discovered America.哥伦布是第一个发现美洲的人。4) 作定语
10、:Ill try a second time and see if I can do it.我还要试一次,看看我能否做得了。Take the first turn to the right and then the second turn to the left and youll get there.在第一个转弯处向右转,然后在第二个转弯处向左转就到了。5) 作状语:He came second in the race.他在赛跑中得了第二名。It was a snowy day when we first met.我们初次见面时是一个下雪的日子。33. 序数词前冠词的使用1) 明确指明了先后
11、顺序或一系列事物按一定的规律排列时,序数词前用定冠词。This is the second time that I have been in London.这是我第二次来伦敦。Alva is the fifth child of the Whites.阿尔瓦市怀特家的第五个孩子。2) 表示“又一、再一” ,不强调顺序时,序数词前用不定冠词。You have bought four toys today. Why do you want to buy a fifth one?今天你已经买了四个玩具了,为什么还想再买一个呢?I failed again, but I will try a thir
12、d time.我又失败了,可是我要再试一次。3) 序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格或其他修饰语时不用任何冠词。My first five years of childhood was spent with my grandparents.我五岁前是和祖父母一块度过的。Mrs. Blacks second child is a genius.布莱克夫人的第二个孩子是个天才。4) 序数词与名词构成复合形容词时,冠词由被修饰词而定。此时序数词是复合形容词的一部分而不是独立的,前面的冠词完全由这个形容词所修饰的名词而定。This MPV car is a second-hand one.这辆商务
13、车是二手的。Habit is second nature.习惯是第二天性。5) 序数词还可作副词,此时不用任何冠词。First I am short of money; second I havent enough time.首先我缺钱,其次我没有足够的时间。6) 序数词用在表示“每隔”的 every 后,其前不用冠词。every second day 每隔一天 every fifth day 每隔四天 every second line 每隔一行7) 某些固定搭配中序数词前不用冠词。first of all 首先 at first 起初 at first sight 乍一看,第一眼数词的用法
14、1. 分数:表示分数时,分子须用基数词,分母须用序数词。(分子是 1 以上的任何数时,作分母的序数词要用复数形式。 )1) 真分数通常用英语单词表达。one-fourth 四分之一 two-fifths 五分之二 a quarter 四分之一2) 分子和分母的数目较大时,两者都用基数词,之间用 over/by/out of/in 连接。Seven over/out of/in twenty of the students have passed the flight test.二十个学生中有七个通过了飞行测试。3) 带分数:“整数+ and + 分数部分” 。Two and a quarter
15、 inches of rain fell over the weekend.周末期间的降雨量达二又四分之一英寸。注意:分数修饰名词时,常用下面的两种方式。one-half the distance/one-half of the distance 一半路程4three quarters the people/three quarters of the people 四分之三的人2. 小数:小数总是用阿拉伯数字表达。小数点后不论有多少位都不能用逗号分开,但小数 点之前的数依然按照三位一个逗号的原则书写。0.786432 120,372.428 注意:小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读,小数点后的数
16、每一位都要单独读。15.503 读作 fifteen point five zero three 0.05 读作 zero point zero five 3. 百分数:百分数中的数目用阿拉伯数字,后接 percent 或百分号(%) ,在专业统计或表格中常用%代替 percent,在句首时则用英语单词书写。I have invested 40 percent of my income.我把 40%的收入用作投资了。Farmers income has increased by 30%.农民的收入已经增加了 30%。4. 倍数:表示倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用 twice/double,三
17、倍以上用“基数词+ times”。1) “倍数 + as many/much as ”My deskmate clamed to have twice as many stamps as I.我同桌声称他的邮票是我的两倍。This computer costs three times as much as that one.这台计算机的价格是那台的三倍。2) “倍数 + the size of ”用法与 size 相同的名词常见的有 weight(重量) ,height(高度) ,depth(深度) ,width(宽度) ,age (年龄) ,length(长度)等。Our playgroun
18、d is five times the size of theirs.我们的操场是他们的五倍大。This street is twice/double the width of that one.这条大街是那条大街的两倍宽。3) “倍数 + what 从句 ”The value of the house is double what it was.这所房子的价值是原来的两倍。Peoples average income is almost five times what they earned ten years ago.人们的平均收入是十年前的五倍。4) “倍数 + 比较级 + than”T
19、he room is twice larger than ours.这间房子比我们的房子大两倍。This ball seats three times more people than that one.这个大厅能坐的人数是那个大厅的四倍。5) “比较级 + than + by + 倍数/程度”The line is longer than that one by twice.这根线是那根线的两倍长。The population of China is larger than that of the US by over 6 times.中国人口是美国人口的六倍多。注意:分数、百分数等也可用于
20、上面的各种表达法中,以表示比较的程度。The old man dedicates half what he earns to the Red Cross.5老人把自己收入的一半捐给红十字会。We increased 10% as many products as last year.我们的产品与去年相比增加了百分之十。5. 四则运算:1)加法在口语中,小数目的加法常用 and 代表“+” ,is 或 are 代表“=” 。在正式的场合或较大数目的加法用 plus 代表“+” ,equals 或 is 代表“=” 。7+4=11 Seven and four is/are eleven.13+1
21、2=25 Thirteen plus twelve equals/is twenty-five.2) 减法在口语中,小数目的减法用“Take away + 减数 + from + 被减数 + and you get + 余数”“减数 + from + 被减数 + leaves/is + 余数”在正式的场合或较大数目的减法用 minus 代表“” ,equals 代表“=” 。12-5=7 Five from twelve leaves/is seven. /Take away five from twelve and you get seven.21-7=14 Twenty-one minus
22、 seven equals fourteen.3) 乘法在口语中,小数目的乘法的乘数用复数形式,用 are 代表“= ”。大数目的乘法用 times 代表“” ,is/makes 代表“=” 。在正式的场合下用 multiplied by 代表“” ,equals 代表“=” 。45=20 Four fives are twenty 326238=77588 Three hundred and twenty-six times two hundred and thirty-eight is/makes seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty
23、-eight.Three hundred and twenty-six multiplied by two hundred and thirty-eight equals seventy-seven thousand five hundred and eighty-eight.4) 除法小数目的除法:用 divided by 代表“” ,equals 代表“=” 。“被除数 + divided by + 除数 + equals + 商”“除数 + into + 被除数 + goes + 商”324=8 Thirty-two divided by four equals eight.Four i
24、nto thirty-two goes eight.大数目的除法:用 divided by 代表“” ,equals 代表“=” 。2168=27 Two hundred and sixteen divided by eight equals twenty-seven.6. 比率:一般来说表示比率都用阿拉伯数字(包括句首的情况) ,但在非专业性的文字中 , 也可用英语单词的形式。The ratio of 7 to 4 is written 7:4 or 7/4.七比四写作 7:4 或 7/4。You have a fifty to fifty chance of success.你成功的机会只
25、有一半。7. 编号:用基数词时 名词 + 基数词 World War /Page 8/Room 109用序数词时 the + 序数词 + 名词 the First World War68. 年代与几十几岁:通常是逢十的基数词用作复数形式。表示年代的数词前用定冠词 in the 90s表示岁数的数词前用形容词用物主代词 in ones twenties 9. 约数:1)表示“大约”可以用 about/some/around/nearly/something like/more or less,用or so 表示“左右、大约”置于数词之后。The man in rags is about/some
26、 sixty years old.The man in rags is sixty years old or so.那个衣衫褴褛的男子大约有六十岁/六十岁左右。Peter is something like thirty.皮特大约有三十岁。2) “多于、超过”用 more than/over/above;“少于、不超过”用 less than。She was more than/less than forty when she got married.她结婚时有四十多岁/不到四十岁。3)其他半天(小时)half a day=a half day; half an hour=a half hou
27、r一个半 a day and a half=one and a half days两天半 two days and a half=two and a half days一两天one or two days=a day or two两三天/周/个苹果 a couple of days/weeks/apples三番五次 again and again; repeatedly; time and (time) again; over and over again; time after time 三年五载 from three to five years; in a few years三三两两 in twos and threes; in knots