1、第 1 页 共 18 页代词高考对代词的考查主要是人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词和关系代词等。设置特定的语境,对代词的数、性、格的变化进行考查仍然是高考的热点。 代词的分类1.人称代词:主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they 宾格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them2.物主代词:形容词性 my, our, your, his, her, its, their 名词性 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs3.反身代词:单数 myself, yourself, himse
2、lf, herself, itself 复数 ourselves, yourselves, themselves4.相互代词:each other (两者之间相互);one another (两者以上的相互 )5.指示代词:this, that, these, those6.疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what7.关系代词:who, whom, whose, that(指人),which, that, as, whose(指物)8.不定代词:all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, somet
3、hing, everything, nothing somebody, everybody, nobody someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less一、人称代词单数 复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称主格I you he, she,itwe you they人称代词宾格me you him,her,itus you them人称代词的用法1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补足语。如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。John
4、hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在第 2 页 共 18 页主句中。When he arrived ,John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。2.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语。如:I saw her with them;at least,I thought it was her.(第一个 her 作动词宾语,them 作介词宾语,
5、第二个 her 作表语)Who broke the vase?谁打碎了花瓶? Me.我。3.人称代词之主、宾格的替换(1)宾格代替主格在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后,多用宾语。I like English.。 Me too.Have more wine?Not me.。在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格在介词 but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。在电话用语中常用主格。 I wish to speak
6、 to Mary.。 This is she.注意:在动词 be 或 to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was she.我以为是她。 (主格主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。 (主格主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格宾格)4.代词的指代问题 1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及 whoever 和 person 在正式场合使用
7、时,可用 he,his,him 代替。如:Nobody came,did he?2)动物名词的指代一般用 it 或 they 代替,有时也用 he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。如:Give the cat some food.She is hungry.。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用 she。5.并列人称代词的排列顺序 第 3 页 共 18 页1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 第三人称第一人称,即you he/she; it I。如:You ,he and I should return on time.你,他还有我应该按时回来。2)复数人称代词作主语时,其
8、顺序为:第一人称 第二人称第三人称,即weyouthey。在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。在承认错误,承担责任时。It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如:I and you try to finish it.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。二、 物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,其人称和数的变化见下表。单数 复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性my y
9、our his,her , its our your their物主代词名词性mine your shis, hers,itsours yours theirsOur school is here,and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。1.物主代词的用法1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用。如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.?2)物主代词有形容词性(my,your 等)和名词性(mine ,yours 等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词
10、。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的s 属格结构。如:Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks。His cap 意为 The cap is his。第 4 页 共 18 页2.名词性物主代词的句法功能1)作主语。如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.2)作宾语。如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.3)作介词宾语。如:You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours.4)作
11、表语。如:The life I have is yours.Its yours.Its yours.3.双重所有格物主代词不可与a,an,this ,that,these,those,some,any,several,no ,each ,every,such,another ,which 等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。三、指示代词指示代词表示“那个”“这个”“这些”“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this,that,these,those 等。如: That is a good idea.指示代词的用法1.
12、指示代词分单数(this/that)和复数( these/those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词。2.指示代词的句法功能。1)作主语。如:This is the way to do it.2)作宾语。如:I like this better than that.3)作表语。如:My point is this.4)作介词宾语。如:I dont say no to that. There is no fear of that.说明 1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。如:(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。 (that 作主语,
13、指人) (对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。 (this 作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this.(this 作宾语时不能指人) (对)I bought this.我买这个。 (this 指物,可作宾语)说明 2:that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但 this 和 these 不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有 those 可指人,试比较: (对)He admired that which looked beautiful.(对) He admired those who looked beautiful
14、.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 (those 指人)第 5 页 共 18 页(错) He admired that who danced well.(that 作宾语时不能指人) (对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those 指人)(对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。 (those 指物)四、反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“ 反身代词” 。如:She was talking to he
15、rself.她自言自语。单数 复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称 第三人称反身代词 myself yourself himselfherselfitselfourselves yourselves themselves反身代词的用法1.作宾语,如1)有些动词需有反身代词,如absent, bathe, amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behave 等。如:We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.2)用于及物动词+宾语+ 介词
16、,如:take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth 等。I could not dress(myself)up at that time.注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up,stand up,wake up 等。Please sit down.2.用作表语。如。I am not myself today.3.用作同位语。如The thing itself is not important.4.在不强调的情况下,but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。 注意:1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。 (错)M
17、yself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。2)但在 and,or,nor 连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是 myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。第 6 页 共 18 页五、 相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有 each other 和 one another 两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的。如:It is easy to see that the people of different cultures
18、 have always copied each other.,相互借鉴的宾格 each other,one another相互代词所有格 each others,one anothers相互代词的句法功能1.作动词宾语。如:People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。2.可作介词宾语。Dogs bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.犬吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用 each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例
19、也很多。He put all the books beside each other/one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。3.相互代词可加s 构成所有格。如:The students borrowed each others notes.六、不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both,each,every 等,以及含有 some,any,no 等的合成代词,如anybody,something ,
20、no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但 none 和由 some,any ,no 等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every 和 no 只能作定语。如:Do you have a car? Yes,I have one. I dont know any of them.他们, 代词的用法1. nothing, none, no onenone 作为代词,最常用来表示数量,它可以是一个可数的概念(how many)也可以是一个不可数的概念(how much),或者 any 引起的问题;而 nothing 是相对于 something(有
21、某物)什么都没有,它回答的是“What is in/on.”的问题;而 no one=nobody 没有人,它回答的是“Who did that?”(谁) 或是 anyone(有没有人)的问题。第 7 页 共 18 页2. one, ones, that, those, it(1)one 和 ones 可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词, one 代单数,ones 代复数,其中: 两者都可以指代物(只要是可数)one 前面一般不加 a,因为它本身有“ 一个”的意思,但如果 one 前面有形容词修饰,则需要加 a/an。 one 可以单独使用,意思为“任何人” 。例如: Shall we have
22、 a rest?Didnt we just have one?(因为 one=a something)One should always believe in oneself.(2)that 与 those:that 可以代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数(相当于 the one;而 those 代替前面提到的复数名词,有时可以用 the ones 替换。例如: The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population)The boy told his story and that of the g
23、irl next room.(that=the story)The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years ago.(those=the cell phones=the ones)(3)one 和 it:两者都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词,one 指这类东西中的任何一个,指类属,泛指。it 指前面所指的同一物。 例如 :I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one? (one =a pen) I cannot find my new pen.
24、 Have you seen it?(it 指那支新钢笔 )3. another, the other, other, others, the others (1)another 和 the other:两者都是“另一个” 的意思,但数量上有区别: 用 another 指两个以上的数量,而 the 第 8 页 共 18 页other 只指两个中的另一个,例如:He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third is an engineer. 注:another 除了可以作代词,还可以用作形容词。这
25、里有必要区别 another, the other和 more 的用法: another:another 表“另一个 ”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,可跟带有 few 或具体数字的复数名词,此时可把“ 数词复数名词”看作是一个整体。例如: Have you finished your report yet? No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.other:表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数
26、词之后,但与定冠词 the 连用时,other 要放在数词前。例如:Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.Do you know where he found the other two photos?more:more 一般位于数词之后 ,名词之前,有时也可置于名词之后。例如:One more step(One step more) ,and Ill shoot you.Where shall we be in ten more years?more 除跟数词外,还可与 many, a little,a fe
27、w,a lot,several 等词连用,例如:There are many more dictionaries on the desk.Would you like some more tea?(2) others, the othersothers 是相对于 some 来说的:some.some.others. (一些一些另一些)是泛指;而 the others 是特指另一些,相对于 ones (可以理解为 one, the other 的复数) 。例如:Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Some are sweeping the floor, som
28、e are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. (泛指)There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.(特指)4. both, other, neither, each, any, allboth:两者都,谓语动词用复数;第 9 页 共 18 页either:两者中间的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;neither:两者中间无任何一个,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数;each:两个或两个以上中的每一个,谓语动词用单数;any:三者或
29、三者以上中的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;all:三者或三者以上全部;5. some, any, nosome 属于肯定词,主要用于肯定句中,但当说话人期待肯定回答时,也可以用于疑问句中。例如:Could I have some more tea, please? Would you like some more coffee?any 属于非肯定词,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。它可以与形容词的比较级连用。例如:Dont come any closer, or Ill shoot!no 属于否定词,用于否定句中: no+可数名词单数=not a/anno+可数名词复数=not any。例如:
30、There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. 【考点诠释】纵观历年高考试题,代词的主要考点主要集中在以下几个方面:不定代词 one,the one,ones ,the ones;物主代词的用法;人称代词主格和宾格的用法;表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;指示代词 this,that,these,those,it 的用法;another ,(the)other(s),else;the rest 的用法;every- ,some- ,any-,no- 与-thing,-one,-body 构成的复合不定代词的用法。考点 1 人称代词一般地说
31、人称代词作主语时用主格;作宾语时用宾格;作定语时用形容词性物主代词;名词性物主代词可以代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”。但口语中,在无动词的句子里,往往用代词的宾格形式。1用于无谓语的句子中一 Dpes any of you know why Jack hasnt come yet?一 Me 。答语如果带谓语,就得用主格,如:I can和 I do,too/So do I2表示惊奇、猜疑、反问、不满、厌烦等Do you have good eyesight ,young man?一 Me?I can see a sparrow two hundred paces away What?Me fig
32、ht a big chap like him?Not me!3代替 as,than 等连词之后的主格( 多用于口语中,尤其用于句末 )Im not as tall as him(he) 。)She is much more careful than me(I)她比我细心得多。当这类人称代词带有第 10 页 共 18 页all, both 等同位语时,用宾格的形式就更为常见了。如:He works harder than us a11典例:Our neighbers gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell from its nest A
33、us;it Bus;itself Courselves;itself Dourselves ;it考点 2 指不代词1this/these,that/thosethis,these 指代下面要说的内容;that ,those 指代上面陈述过的内容。如:What Id like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this Thats a11Thank youSalaries are higher here than those in my hometown2一些习惯说法中 this 和 that 的用法比较固定Whos
34、that?你是谁?)This is Mary 11ats all right/OK 。( 对感谢的答语) natS nothing 。(对道歉的答语) Thats that (表示决定不能更改)ThatS a11就这些了。That is那就是3this, that 有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么” ,用在形容词或副词前作状语,表示程度 It isnt that cold还没那么冷。考点 3 不定代词以下是几组易混不定代词:1some 类不定代词与 any 类不定代词(1)some 类不定代词多用于肯定句中;any 类的多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。如:Raise your hand
35、s if you have any questions如果你们有问题,请举手。(2)但在表示客气的请求或希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中,要用 some 类的不定代词。如:Would you like something to drink?你要喝点什么吗 ?(3)any 类的不定代词用在肯定句中,表示 “任何( 一个);任何事情;无论什么 ”。如:She promised that she could do anything for you她许诺能为你做任何事情。2all , both,neither,none(1)all 指三者或三者以上“ 都”,both 指两者“ 都”。如:Both(of)his hands were wounded All(of)his fingers were wounded(2)neither 表示 “两个都不”,常和 of 连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的复数