1、新托福阅读长难句 120 句（分析+ 译文） 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface，the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.(定语后置 in some ways)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的
2、极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。分句 1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句 2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earths surface分句 3：the deepocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句 4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句 2 修饰分句
3、 1 结尾的短语 intense pressures，分句 1 是分句 3 的原因状语分句 3 是整个长句子的主句分句 4 是分句 3 的后置定语，修饰分句 3 的 a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the countrys impressiv
4、e population growth(倒装结构 Basic to any understandingis)要理解二战之后 20 年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。分句 1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War分句 2：is分句 3：the countrys impressive population growth分句 1，2，3 共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是 3，2 ，1，即：该句的正常语序是 The countrys impressive populati
5、on growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是 is.3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized a
6、nd form the basis for folklore(同位语从句 claims that)结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。分句 1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health分句 2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklo
7、re分句 2 嵌套分句 1，分句 1 作为分句 2 主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句 2 中。因此本句的主句是 claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore. 那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是 that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康4
8、.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like(并列同位语从句 reports that，that，that)关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸
9、消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。分句 1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports分句 2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones分句 3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs分句 4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like分句 1 是整个长句的主句，分句 2、分句 3
10、和分句 4 是并列关系，共同构成分句 1 的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。5The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly(同位语从句 fact that)南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得不太重要。分句 1. The desperate plight of t
11、he South has eclipsed the fact分句 2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North分句 3.though less spectacularly （省略）1 和 2 嵌套1 和 3 并列6The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as ur
12、ban sprawl(宾语从句 what we now know as)现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。分句 1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled分句 2：what we now know as urban sprawl分句 1 嵌套分句 2，即分句 1 是主句，
13、分句 2 是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是 The new accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词 fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。7.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of p
14、regnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth(Of 结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs)但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。分句 1：But these factors do not account for the interesting question分句 2：of how there came t
15、o be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth分句 1 嵌套分句 2.分句 2 是 Of 结构作后置定语修饰说明 question 的内容。8. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of ro
16、ck salt 80 by 45 miles in extent，the two captains set out(同位语从句 rumors that)当时有一些传言，说有史前的猛犸在这一陌生的区域活动，而且在这一区域的某个地方有一座巨大的盐石山，其面积达 80 英里长 50 英里宽。就在这些传言中，两位上尉出发了。分句 1：Amid rumors分句 2：that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknown region分句 3：and that somewhere in its wilds was a mount
17、ain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent分句 4：the two captains set out分句 1 和分句 4 构成倒装，正常的语序应该是分句 4+分句 1，即 the two captains set out Amid rumors。分句 1 嵌套分句 2 和分句 3，分句 2 和分句 3 是修饰分句 1 的rumors 的同位语从句，用来说明谣言的具体内容。分句 2 和分句 3 构成并列关系。9. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsichord
18、 became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century(同位语 a supremacy)17 世纪时风琴、敲弦琴和拨弦琴成为键盘乐器类的主要成员，这种至高无上的地位一直由它们保持，直到 18 世纪末被钢琴所取代。分句 1：In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord，and the harpsic
19、hord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group，分句 2：a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century分句 2 是分句 1 的同位语从句，用来修饰说明分句 1 中的 the chief instruments of the keyboard group10A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the ninet
20、eenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a l
21、iquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance(介词结构 fromto作定语)持续到 19 世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。分句 1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century分句 2：including the intro
22、duction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it分句 3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality分句 4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects分句 5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，分句 6：from a liquid，singing tone
23、 to a sharp, percussive brilliance本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句 1 和分句 4 构成，即 A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects， ，分句 2 和分句 3 并列修饰说明分句 1 中的 A series of mechanical improvements，而分句 5 和分句 6 并列，修饰说明了分句 4 中的 an
24、 instrument capable of myriad tonal effects11The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为 Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有 800 多间房子，能够容纳 1 000 人以上。分句 1：Th
25、e largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms， and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more分句 2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish分句 1 嵌套分句 2，分句 2 用来修饰分句 1 的主语 the largest,分句 1 内部是由三个并列的谓语构成的句子。12Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made
26、before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word, silent(倒装 accustomed though we are=though we are accustomed)虽然我们习惯于将 1927 年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“ 无声 这个词的完整意义上说，电影从未真正的无声过。分句 1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”分句 2：the film has n
27、ever been silent分句 3：in the full sense of the word本句的难点是在分句 1 内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是 though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句 3 是一个插入语，嵌套在分句 2 中，所以本句的真正强调的核心是 the film has never been silent。13.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra，and very often the principal qualification far holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces
