1、知识点总结一、概念冠词是虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义。冠词可分为定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类。二、不定冠词的用法1)表示“一个”,意为 one;指某人或某物,意为 a certain。A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2)代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.3)词组或成语。a little / a few / a lot / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while /
2、after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep aneye on / all of a sudden三、定冠词的用法1)特指双方都明白的人或物:Take the medicine.2)上文提到过的人或事:He bought a house. Ive been to the house.3)指世上独一无二的事物:the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar ; the fox ;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich; the living 。5)用在序
3、数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词 only, very, same 等前面:Where do you live? I live on the second floor.6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:She caught me by the arm.8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前:he Peoples Republic of China9
4、)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano.10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人(或夫妇俩):the Greens11) 用在惯用语中:in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrowthe day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle (of), in the end,
5、on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre四、零冠词的用法1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;They are teachers.3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;Failure is the mother of success.4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;Man cannot live without water.5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;We go to school
6、from Monday to Friday.6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;The guards took the American to General Lee.7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;I cant write without pen or pencil.9)当 by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;如:by bus,by train;10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital
7、,bed,table,class,town, church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;go to hospital11)不用冠词的序数词;a. 序数词前有物主代词 Thats his thirtieth birthday.b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last常见考法1.名词前不定冠词的用法;2.不用冠词的特殊情况;3 对冠词与主谓一致的考查;4.定冠词与形容词、分词连用表一类人;5.冠词与姓氏的连用;6.有无
8、冠词的意义及区别;7.冠词与 such, so how, what 等词的位置关系。误区提醒动词的种类和形式要结合动词的时态、语态等来学习,掌握好动词的分类和形式,是学好时态和语态的基础,撇开动词分类及基础知识去学其他内容,是舍本求末的做法,只有基础扎实了,才能高屋建瓴,彻底弄清楚跟动词有关的其他内容,打赢英语学习当中的攻坚战!常犯的错误有:一、 语境理解错误二、 短语搭配错误三 、习惯用法错误四 、逻辑意思错误五 、句子结构错误【典型例题】1. This is our contribution to _ world of the 21st century, _ world of indepe
9、ndence and natural understanding.A.the; a B. /; a C. a; the D. the; the解析:错选 D. 因第二个 world 是前面一个的同位语,of 后面为描述性定语,故应加不定冠词。正确答案 A。2. Pears are usually sold by _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; a D. a; /解析:错选 A。按码/ 小时/ 年等具体单位时用 by the yard/ hour/ year 等,但按重量/体积/时间等笼统单位时用 by weight/ volume/ time 等。正确答案 B。