1、1Unit 6 When was it invented? 【重点单词】1. project n. 项目，工程；2. pleasure n. 高兴，愉快； 3. daily adj. 日常的，每日的； 4. mention v. 提到，说到；5. nearly adv.几乎，差不多； 6. boil v. 煮沸，烧开；7. remain v. 保持不变；剩余；8. national adj.国家的，民族的；9. low adj.低的，矮的； 10. translate v. 翻译；11. lock v.锁上； n. 锁；12. sudden adj. 突然的13. crispy adj. 脆的
2、；酥脆的；14. salty adj. 咸的； 15. sour adj. 酸的，有酸味的；16. customer n. 顾客。17. Canadian 加拿大的， 18. divide v. 分开，分散；19. hero n 英雄，男主角； 20. professional adj. 职业的，专业的；【重点词组】1. shoes with special heels 特殊后跟的鞋子 2. hot ice cream scoop 热的冰其淋勺子 3. run on electricity 电动的4. be used for 被用作5. the subject for my school pr
3、oject 学校项目的课题 6. our daily lives 我们的日常生活 7. have a point 有点道理 8. by accident 偶然，意外地 9. over the open fire 在火堆上 10. fall into the water 落入水中 11. take place 发生 12. without doubt 毫无疑问13. at a low price 以一个很低的价格 14. translate the book into different language 把书翻译成不同种的语言15. all of sudden 突然 16. by mistak
4、e 错误地 17. a much-loved and active sport 一个深受喜爱并且积极的运动18. divideinto 把分开 19. stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 20. look up to 钦佩，仰慕 21. the professional basketball groups 职业篮球机构22. use someone elses idea 借用其他人的想法【重点句式】1. I think the TV was invented before the car. 我认为电视是在轿车之前发明的。2. -When was the telepho
5、ne invented? - 电话是什么时候发明的？-I think it was invented in 1876. -我认为电话是在 1876 年被发明的。3. -What are they used for? -他们可用来做什么？2-They are used for changing the style of the shoes -他们可用来改变鞋子的样式。4. -When was the zipper invented? -拉链是什么时候发明的？-It was invented in 1893 .-它是在 1893 年被发明的。5. -Who was it invented by?
6、-它是由谁发明的？-It was invented by Whitcomb Judson. -它是被惠特科姆.贾德森发明的。6. -When was tea brought to Korea? -茶是什么时候被带到韩国的？-It was brought to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.-它是在六至七世纪被带到韩国的。7. -What is the hot ice-cream scoop used for? -这个热的冰其淋勺子是用来做什么的？-Its used for serving really cold ice-cream -它是用来提供
7、真正冷的冰其淋。【重点知识解析】Section A（1a 2d）a. 词汇包：1.invent (v.)发明；创造invent 指发明创造出自然界本来不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、汽车、电器、合成材料等。【备课例句】Bell invented the telephone. 贝尔发明了电话。Smith invented a new teaching method. 史密斯发明了一种新的教学方法。【横向辐射】discover, find, create 1.discover 是“发现”的意思，是指发现原来就有而一直没被发现，如发现电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。Columbus d
8、iscovered America in 1492.1492 年哥伦布发现了新大陆。Recently they have discovered a comet. 最近他们发现了一颗彗星。2.find 的意思是“寻找” ，强调找的结果，并不指发现。Ive tried to find another copy but couldnt find one. 我试图再找一本，但没能弄到。3.create 指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。Man creates himself. 人类创造了自己。A novelist creates characters and a p
9、lot. 小说家塑造人物并设计情节。【课堂变式】根据语境提示，用 invent, discover，find 或 create 的形式填空，完成句子。1.When _ the stream engine（蒸汽机） _?2. I cant _ my bike, Im looking for it. 3. Scientists are now trying to _ if this is possible.4. Do you know who_ the plane？5. He _quite a number of wonderful characters in his play.【解析】I.1.w
10、as, invented 2.find 3.discover 4.invented 5. created32. be used for 用来做此短语中的 for 是介词，表示用途，后接名词或动词-ing 形式。【备课例句】An orange is used for medicine. 桔子可以入药。A pen is used for writing. 钢笔用来写字。【横向辐射】be used as 故选 B。b. 句式包：When was it invented? 它是何时发明的？本句用于询问某个物品的发明时间，结构为“When + was+某项物品+invented？” ，其中was inv
11、ented 是一般过去时的被动语态，其基本结构是“was/were + 过去分词”【备课例句】This book was bought yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。【横向辐射】几种基本时态的被动语态1.一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词Football is played all over the world. 足球运动遍及全世界。2.一般过去时：was/were + 过去分词This book was bought yesterday. 这本书是昨天买的。3.一般将来时：will be +过去分词The class meeting will be held tomorro
12、w. 班会将在明天开。4.现在进行时：am/is/are +being +过去分词Our teaching building is being built now. 我们的教学楼正在兴建中。5.过去进行时：was/were + being +过去分词The bus wasnt being repaired by me then. 那时这辆车不是由我修的。6.现在完成时：have/has + been +过去分词The work has been finished by them. 这项工作已经被他们做完了。【课堂变式】1.We _not to play computer games. A. a
13、re told B. have told C. told D. tell 5【解析】tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事” ，这里的主语 we 是 tell这个动作的承受者，故应用被动语态，应选。2.Will you come to the dinner party?I wont come unless Jenny _.A. will be invited B. can be invited C. invited D. is invited【解析】在 unless 引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时来表示将来。根据句意“如果詹妮没有得到
14、邀请，我就不会来。 ”确定选。3. Im sorry you cant go in now. The room _ yet. A. hasnt been cleaned B. hasnt cleaned C. isnt been cleaned D. isnt being cleaned【解析】由 Im sorry you cant go in now.可知房间还没有打扫，再加上 the room是 clean 这个动作的承受者，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故选。4.A talk on science _ in our school next Monday. A. will give B. wi
15、ll be given C. has given D. has been given【解析】主语 A talk 是动词 give 的承受者，应用被动语态。再根据 next Monday 确定用一般将来时，故选。Section A（3a 3c）a. 词汇包：1.remain (v.) 保持；剩余；残余remain 意为“停留，留下” ，相当于 stay。 “呆在那里”可以说 remain / stay there，但“呆在家里”只能说 stay (at) home。【备课例句】She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。They
16、all wished us to remain. 他们都希望我们留下来。【横向辐射】remain 作连系动词remain 用作连系动词，意为“保持(某种状态)，继续存在，仍旧是” ，后面接形容词，名词，分词，不定式或介词短语。【例句】She remained sitting when they came in他们进来时，她仍然坐着(没有站起来)。Peter became a manager but John remained a worker. 彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain
17、 modest. 无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。This remains to be proved. 这有待证实。(将来被动动作)Whether it will do us good remains to be seen. 这是否对我们有好处,还要看一看。【课堂变式】The leaves _in the water for a long time. A. came B. remained C. lived D. arrived 【解析】根据 for a long time 可知是指树叶在水中停留了很长时间，正确答案是 B。2. by accident 偶然地；意外地6【备课例句
18、】He made this mistake by accident.他犯这个错误纯属偶然。【课堂变式】She found her keys _when she cleaned her room after she lost them two weeks ago. A. with mistake B. in this way C. by accident D. with pleasure 【解析】由 when she cleaned her room after she lost them two weeks ago 可知她是偶然地找到了她丢失的钥匙，正确答案是 C。b. 句式包：1. In E
19、ngland, tea didnt appear until around 1660.在英国，茶直到 1660 年才出现。此句是由 until 引导的时间状语从句。not. until 意为“只到才” 。【备课例句】She didnt leave until I felt better.只到我感觉好点了，她才离开。【横向辐射】until 的用法until 常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。1. 在肯定句中，until 与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到为止” 。I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。2.
20、 在否定句中，until 常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到才” ， “不到不” 。The rain didnt stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。I wont leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。【课堂变式】How was your climbing Mount. Huang?I didnt believe I could do it _I got to the top.A. until B. while C. after D. and【解析】考查连词用法。notuntil直到才。根据句意“直到我爬
21、到山顶我才相信我能做到”可知选 A。Section B（1a 1e）a. 词汇包：by mistake 错误地by mistake 是介词短语，意为“错误地；无意地；不小心地” ，指由于错误的判断而千百万的失误，常在句中作状语。【备课例句】I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我错拿了你的手提包，还以为是我的呢。Susan forgot her key and locked herself out by mistake. 苏珊忘了带钥匙，误把自己关在门外了。【横向辐射】mistake.formistake.for把错认为, 错把当作She mi
22、stook him for the professor.她把他错当作教授了。7【课堂变式】Im sorry Ive taken your dictionary _ because they have the same colour. It doesnt matter. A. at once B. by mistake C. in general D. as well 【解析】由 because they have the same colour 可知是错拿了词典，正确答案是 B。b. 句式包：1.George wanted to make the customer happy. 乔治想让顾客开
23、心。句中的 make 意为“使得” ，happy 是形容词，作宾语 you 的补足语，对宾语起补充说明作用，常用的结构为“make名词/代词形容词” 。【备课例句】The bad news makes her sad. 那个坏消息使得她伤心不已。A boy broke the window. It made the headmaster angry. 一个孩子打碎了玻璃。这使得校长很生气。【温馨提示】当宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用 it 作形式宾语。I made it a condition that everybody must be on time. 我提出一个条件，人人都要准时。The
24、 heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 大雨使得我们无法出去。【横向辐射】make 的其他相关句式1.“make宾语n”意为使/让某人 / 某物(成为)” 。【例句】We made him captain of our football team. 我们推选他作我们足球队队长。We made him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。2.“make宾语do sth”意为“使某人做某事” 。 在被动语态中，此类结构中省略的动词不定式 to 要还原。【例句】Our teacher makes us feel more confide
25、nt. 老师使得我们感到更自信了。The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。【课堂变式】What do you think her ? A. make; sad B. makes; sadly C. made; sad D. made; sadly【解析】what 作主语时，谓语动词要用第三要称单数形式，可排除 A。再根据“make + sb. / sth. + adj.”确定选 C。sadly 是副词形式。Section B（2a 2e）a.词汇包1. 1.divide (v.) 分开；划分divide int
26、o 意为“把划分为” ，be divided into 意为“划分为” 。【备课例句】This class is too large; we shall have to divide it for oral practice.这个班级太大,我们必须把它分成小班作口语练习。8This river divides at its mouth. 这条河在河口处分岔。His lecture divides into three parts.他的演讲分三部分。Lets divide ourselves into several groups. 我们分成几个小组吧。【课堂变式】We have d_ ours
27、elves into three groups since this term. 【解析】自从本学期开始就已经把我们自己分成了三个组。have 在此是助动词，空格处要填过去分词，再根据 divide into确定填 divided。b. 句式包：It is believed that the first basketball game in history was played on December 21st, 1891,. 人们认为 1891 年 12 月 21 日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。本句中的 It is believed that. 相当于 people believe th
28、at.是“人们相信/认为“的意思，that 引导的是主语从句。It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.(=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.)人们都认为到 2010 年，世界人口将达到七十亿。【横向辐射】类似的结构：It is reported that 据报道It is supposed/thought that 人们
29、认为Its known that众所周知【课堂变式】我不知道这所学校，但据说是非常好的一所学校。I dont know the school, but _it is quite a good one. 【解析】it is said that【语法解析】主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We visited that factory last summer 主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时am / is / are
30、+ P.P.（1）Do they speak French ?（2）They dont use the room .Is French spoken by them ?The room isnt used by them .一般过去时was / were + p.p.（1）The man killed a tiger .（2）He wrote many stories last year .A tiger was killed by the man .Many stories were written by him last year .现在进行时am / is / are +being +p
31、.p.（1）These workers are building a new bridge . （2）He is mending his car .A new bridge is being built by these workers . His car is being mended by 9him .过去进行时was / were + being + p.p.（1）He was selling books .（2）They were discussing the plan at that time .Books were being sold by him . The plan was
32、being discussed by them at that time .现在完成时have / has + been + p. p.（1）She has learned many English words .（2）He has finished the work .Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 过去完成时had + been + p.p.（1）They had solved the problem .（2）We had told him the news
33、by then . The problem had been solved by them . The news had been told to him by us .一般将来时will be + p.p.am/is/are going to be + p.p.（1）I will make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour .A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 过去将来时would be + p
34、.p.was/ were going to be + p.p.（1）He told me they would paint the room . （2）They were going to put on a play the next week . He told me the room would be painted by them . A play was going to be put on by them the next week .情态动词can / may / must / should + be + p.p.（1）We should hand in our homework
35、.（2）You must answer the question in English .Our homework should be handed in by us .The question must be answered in English by you .二、被动语态的用法1.什么情况下用被动语态？（1）当我们不知道或没有必要说出动作的发生者是谁时，通常用被动语态。这种情况下，句子中不带由 by 引起的短语。例如:The book is written for children. 这书是为孩子写的。（2）当动作的承受者是谈话的中心时通常用被动语态。这时可以带 by 短语。This
36、pen was given to me by Tom.这支笔是汤姆给我的。（3）无必要或不愿说出动作的发出者。这种情况通常是出于礼貌方面的考虑。Smoking is not allowed here.这儿禁止吸烟。2.怎样变主动语态为被动语态把主动语态变为被动语态，可分作三步进行:10第一步:找出主动句的宾语，把它作为被动句的主语。第二步:将谓语动词的主动语态变为被动语态（助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词） 。变为被动语态时，时态不要变化。第三步:将原主动语态的主语（若是人称代词，须变为宾格）放在介词 by 后边组成 by 短语，放到句子的后边。如果我们没有必要说出动作的发出者，by 短语则可
37、以不要。例如:He often helps his brother. (主动语态)His brother is often helped by him.（被动语态）【被动语态中考真题大练兵】1. Would you please tell Miss Li that she as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games?Of course. I will tell her tomorrow. A. choose B. chose C. has chosen D. is chosen2. We not to play computer games. A. ar
38、e told B. have told C. told D. tell 3. Could you tell me whom the radio by?Sorry. I have no idea. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented4. -Your hometown has changed a lot.Yes. Take a look at these tall buildings. They last year. A. build B. built C. was built D. were built5. Did you
39、go to Kang Kangs birthday?No, I . A. wasnt invited B. didnt invite C. am not invited6. An English speech to the children tomorrow. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given7. 根据汉语意思完成英语句子：丢失的部件在船拖出水后被找到了。 The lost parts after the ship was of the water.8. She used the knife to cut the fruit a mo
40、ment ago.（改为被动语态）The knife to cut the fruit by her a moment ago.9. I sent a letter to you last month.（改为被动语态）A letter to you last month.10. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空：The dog （train）to understand different instructions for two years.答案：16 DADDAC 7. were found; pulled out 8. was used 9. was sent 10. has been trained
