1、BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则,Day 3第3天,11 - ASBESTOS 11-石棉,Asbestos石棉,“the evil effects of asbestos dust” “sharp, glass-like, jagged nature of the particles effects have been found to be injurious” “石棉尘的有害影响” . 锐利、玻璃状、锯齿形对人体有害”。 - The Chief Factory Inspectors Report UK (1898)- 英国首
2、席工厂督察总监报告（1898年）,Types of Asbestos石棉的种类,石棉,蛇纹石,闪石,温石棉（白石棉）,温石棉（蓝石棉）,铁石棉（棕石棉）,直闪石,透闪石,阳起石,What is Asbestos?石棉是什么？,A naturally occurring, mined, fibrous silicate mineral with various compositions or mixed with plaster.各种不同的形式。常见形式：石棉片、石棉板、石棉绳或与石膏混合。,Asbestos Mines石棉矿,Mined Asbestos开采的石棉,What are Fibre
3、s?什么是石棉纤维？,Long & thin structures长而薄的纤维矿物组织。Defined by their aspect ratio width: length采用纵横比宽：长来确定大小 Can be man made, mineral, animal, vegetable可以是人造纤维、矿物纤维、动物纤维、植物纤维。 Asbestos is a fibre but not all fibres are asbestos E.g. Mineral wool, cotton, wool, carbon fibres.石棉是一种纤维，但不是所有纤维都是石棉例如：矿物棉、羊毛、棉线、碳
4、纤维。,WHO fibreWHO纤维,L 5mm,D 3:1L / D（纵横比） 3:1,WHO fibre as measuredWHO纤维的度量方法,Fibres up to 100mm long have been found in the deep lung.目前，在肺深部发现的石棉纤维最长达到100mm。,Properties of Asbestos石棉的性质,Fire resistance防火 Mechanical strength机械强度高Chemical resistance耐化学性 Thermal insulation.保温,Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途,Sou
5、rce: HSE来源：HSE,Fire Blanket消防毯,Ceiling Tile吊顶板,Soffits拱腹,Pipe Insulation管道保温,String 细绳,Paper石棉纸,Cement Sheets石棉水泥板,Gasket衬垫,Uses of Asbestos石棉的用途,Airborne Asbestos Fibres空气中的石棉纤维,Asbestos Register石棉登记,Record the use/presence of all asbestos and asbestos-containing materials at work sites. 记录工作场所的石棉和
6、含石棉的材料，以及其使用。 Record the location of all asbestos materials on site.记录工作场所所有石棉材料的位置。 Ensure that the condition of asbestos-containing materials are frequently inspected and any necessary remedial action is instigated.确保定期检查含石棉材料的状况，采取必要的补救措施。 Ensure that any work with asbestos or asbestos-containing
7、 materials is carried out in an approved manner.确保任何与石棉或含石棉相关材料的工作均已获得批准。 Minimise the acquisition and use of materials or equipment, which may contain asbestos.尽量减少含有石棉的材料和设备的采购和使用。,REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOSREMOVAL 石棉的补救处理,Damaged and friable, i.e. in an easily crumbled condition, thereby havi
8、ng a potential for releasing airborne fibres.损坏和易碎，即处于极容易破损的条件，可能会有释放石棉纤维的危险。 Expected to deteriorate in future.预期未来可能会变坏。 If it is likely that they will be disturbed during maintenance, construction or demolition.在维护、施工或拆卸过程中可能对其有干扰。,Asbestos-containing materials should be removed if they are:如含石棉的材料出现以下状态，应清除：,Wrapping the outer surface with, for example, canvas or aluminium.用帆布或铝等来对外表面进行包覆。 Sealing with an encapsulant that seals the fibres together. 用密封剂密封纤维。,REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF ASBESTOS REPAIR / ENCAPSULATION石棉的补救处理维修/密封,
