1、http:/ http:/ translation of the stepping motor basic principle步进电机作为执行元件,是机电一体化的关键产品之一,广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。随着微电子和计算机技术的发展,步进电机的需求量与日俱增,在各个国民经济领域都有应用。The stepping motor as executing components, electromechanical integration is one of the key products, widely used in a variety of automatic control system
2、s. With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, the stepper motor demand grow with each passing day, has been applied in various fields of the national economy.步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号,它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度(称为“ 步距角”), 它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量,从而达到准确定位
3、的目的;同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度,从而达到调速的目的。步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机,利用其没有积累误差(精度为 100%)的特点,广泛应用于各种开环控制。Stepping motor is a kind of electrical pulses into angular displacement of the implementing agencies. When stepping drive receives a pulse signal, it drives stepper motor rotate in the direction set by a f
4、ixed angle ( called the “ step “ ), it is the rotation at a fixed angle step by step operation. The number of pulses to control the amount of angular displacement through the control, so as to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning; also can control the pulse frequency to control motor rotation
5、 speed and acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed. Special motor stepper motor control can be used as a, using its no accumulation of error ( accuracy of 100% ) characteristics, widely used in all kinds of open-loop control.现在比较常用的步进电机包括反应式步进电机(VR)、永磁式步进电机 (PM)、混合式步进电机(HB) 和单相式步进电机等。Now
6、 more commonly used step motor comprises stepper motor ( VR ), permanent magnet stepper motor ( PM ), hybrid stepping motor ( HB ) and single-phase stepping motor.http:/ http:/ 7.5 度或 15 度;Permanent magnet stepper motor for general two-phase, torque and small volume, the step angle is 7.5 degree or
7、15 degree;反应式步进电机一般为三相,可实现大转矩输出,步进角一般为 1.5 度,但噪声和振动都很大。反应式步进电机的转子磁路由软磁材料制成,定子上有多相励磁绕组,利用磁导的变化产生转矩。Reaction stepping motor is generally three-phase, can achieve a high torque output, step angle is 1.5 degrees, but the noise and vibration are great. The rotor magnetic circuit made of soft magnetic mat
8、erial reaction stepper motor, a multi-phase excitation winding stator, using magnetic torque changes.混合式步进电机是指混合了永磁式和反应式的优点。它又分为两相和五相:两相步进角一般为 1.8 度而五相步进角一般为 0.72 度。这种步进电机的应用最为广泛,也是本次细分驱动方案所选用的步进电机。Hybrid stepping motor is mixed the advantages of permanent magnet type and reaction type. It is divide
9、d into two phase and five phase: two-phase stepper angle is 1.8 degree and five phase stepper angle is 0.72 degrees. Application of the stepping motor is the most widely, is also this subdivision driving of stepper motor selection scheme.步进电机的一些基本参数:Some of the basic parameters of step motor:电机固有步距角
10、:The natural step motor:它表示控制系统每发一个步进脉冲信号,电机所转动的角度。电机出厂时给出了一个步距角的值,如 86BYG250A 型电机给出的值为 0.9/1.8(表示半步工作时为 0.9、整步工作时为 1.8),这个步距角可以称之为电机固有步距角, 它不一定是电机实际工作时的真正步距角,真正的步距角和驱动器有关。It says every hair a step pulse signal control system, motor rotation angle. Motor factory is a step angle values, such as type
11、86BYG250A motor is given a value of 0.9 /1.8 ( said a half step of work is 0.9 , the whole step of work is 1.8 ), this step can be called motor fixed step , it doesnt have to be the actual motor work when the real step angle, angle and drive the real steps.步进电机的相数:http:/ http:/ motor phase number:是指
12、电机内部的线圈组数,目前常用的有二相、三相、四相、五相步进电机。电机相数不同,其步距角也不同,一般二相电机的步距角为 0.9/1.8、三相的为 0.75/1.5、五相的为0.36/0.72。在没有细分驱动器时,用户主要靠选择不同相数的步进电机来满足自己步距角的要求。如果使用细分驱动器,则相数 将变得没有意义,用户只需在驱动器上改变细分数 ,就可以改变步距角。Is the number of coils inside the motor, commonly used in a two-phase, three-phase, four phase, five phase stepper motor
13、. The number of motor phase is different, the step angle is also different, the general two-phase motor step angle is 0.9 /1.8 , three-phase 0.75 /1.5 , five phase of 0.36 /0.72 . In the absence of subdivision drive, users mainly rely on different phases of the stepper motor to meet their own requir
14、ements of step angle. If you use a subdivision driver, is phase will become meaningless, users only need to change the fine fraction in the drive, you can change the step angle.保持转矩(HOLDINGTORQUE):Keep the torque ( HOLDINGTORQUE ):是指步进电机通电但没有转动时,定子锁住转子的力矩。它是步进电机最重要的参数之一,通常步进电机在低速时的力矩接近保持转矩。由于步进电机的输出
15、力矩随速度的增大而不断衰减,输出功率也随速度的增大而变化,所以保持转矩就成为了衡量步进电机最重要的参数之一。比如,当人们说 2N.m 的步进电机,在没有特殊说明的情况下是指保持转矩为 2N.m的步进电机。Is the stepper motor power but there is no rotation, the stator locked rotor torque. It is one of the most important parameters of step motor, usually stepper motor in the low-speed torque to keep t
16、he torque. Because of the larger output torque stepper motor with speed and continuous decay, increases the output power with the speed of change, so keep the torque becomes one of the most important parameters of step motor. For example, when people say 2N.m stepper motor, in the absence of excepti
17、onal circumstances described in that refers to keep the torque motor for the 2N.m step.DETENTTORQUE:DETENTTORQUE:是指步进电机没有通电的情况下,定子锁住转子的力矩。DETENTTORQUE 在国内没有http:/ http:/ DETENTTORQUE。Refers to the stepper motor is not energized condition, the stator locked rotor torque. DETENTTORQUE does not have a
18、unified way of translation in China, easy to make people misunderstand; as the rotor reaction stepper motor is not permanent magnetic material, so it has no DETENTTORQUE.步进电机的一些特点:Some of the characteristic of step motor:1.一般步进电机的精度为步进角的 3-5%,且不累积。The 1 stepper motor step angle accuracy for 3-5%, an
19、d no accumulation.2.步进电机外表允许的最高温度。2 stepper motor appearance allows the maximum temperature.步进电机温度过高首先会使电机的磁性材料退磁,从而导致力矩下降乃至于失步,因此电机外表允许的最高温度应取决于不同电机磁性材料的退磁点;一般来讲,磁性材料的退磁点都在摄氏 130 度以上,有的甚至高达摄氏 200 度以上,所以步进电机外表温度在摄氏 80-90 度完全正常。Stepper motor temperature is too high will first make the motor magnetic
20、material demagnetization, resulting in lower torque and loss, so the highest temperature of motor appearance allows should depend on the different motor demagnetization magnetic materials; generally speaking, demagnetization point magnetic material in 130 degrees Celsius above, some even as high as
21、200 degrees Celsius stepping motor, so the surface temperature at 80-90 degrees Celsius completely normal.3.步进电机的力矩会随转速的升高而下降。3 stepper motor torque will decrease with the increase of rotational speed.当步进电机转动时,电机各相绕组的电感将形成一个反向电动势;频率越高,反向电动势越大。在它的作用下,电机随频率(或速度) 的增大而相电流减小 ,从而导致力矩下降。When the stepper mo
22、tor rotates, the electrical inductance of the winding will form a reverse electromotive force; the higher the frequency, the greater the reverse emf. Under the influence of it, the motor with frequency ( or speed ) increase and the phase current is reduced, resulting in lower torque.http:/ http:/ st
23、epper motor speed can be normal operation, but if it is more than a certain speed will not start, and accompanied by howling.步进电机有一个技术参数:空载启动频率,即步进电机在空载情况下能够正常启动的脉冲频率,如果脉冲频率高于该值,电机不能正常启动,可能发生丢步或堵转。在有负载的情况下,启动频率应更低。如果要使电机达到高速转动,脉冲频率应该有加速过程,即启动频率较低,然后按一定加速度升到所希望的高频(电机转速从低速升到高速) 。Stepper motor is a tec
24、hnical parameter: no-load start frequency, namely the stepper motor under no-load condition can pulse frequency start, if the pulse frequency is higher than the value, the motor can not start properly, may have lost step or stall. In under the condition of the load, start frequency should be less. I
25、f you want to enable the motor to rotate at high speed, pulse frequency should accelerate the process is started, the lower frequency, and then according to certain acceleration up to high frequency desired ( motor speed from low speed to high speed ).步进电动机以其显着的特点,在数字化制造时代发挥着重大的用途。伴随着不同的数字化技术的发展以及步进电机本身技术的提高,步进电机将会在更多的领域得到应用。Characteristics of stepper motor with its significant, play an important purpose in the era of digital manufacturing. With the different development of digital technology and stepper motor itself technology improves, the stepper motor will be applied in more fields.
