1、1我在美国做“记者”2016 年 10 月底 11 月初，我参加了上海外国语大学新闻学院举办的研究项目，在资深媒体人曹景行老师的带领下，前往美国东部各地进行了为期半个多月的新闻报道学习。走访了许多地方，采访了形形色色的人，还探访了联合国新闻发布室。 美国街头即景：白宫门前排长队 刚到美国不久就遇上了热闹的万圣节，家家户户门口都摆出了南瓜灯、鬼怪玩偶等装饰，颇有节日气氛。我们报道团自然也要凑一凑热闹，在傍晚兴致勃勃地赶到了白宫附近的大街上。 通往白宫的人行道上，早已排起了几十米的长队。从推着摇篮的爸爸妈妈，到带着学生们的老师，还有一脸兴奋的年轻情侣们，个个身穿精致的戏服拿着逼真的道具，扮演超级英
2、雄、卡通人物，还出现了龙虾、披萨、苹果树等令人有些摸不着头脑的装扮。也有不少孩子穿上消防员、警察的制服，那就是他们心目中真正的英雄。 身旁一个特殊的三口之家吸引了我的视线。两位爸爸穿着笔挺的制服，戴着对讲耳机和大墨镜，怀里抱着的宝宝蓝眼睛扑闪扑闪，胸前的大号白色珍珠项链格外抢眼。 “你们扮演的是”我有些疑惑地问。“我们两个大人是保镖装束， ”高个子爸爸有些自豪地指了指怀中的宝宝，“她是小小希拉里。 ”原来如此！这么一说，身着迷你蓝西装的宝宝还真有点希拉里的范儿。 2参观央视北美分台与 SMG 美国新闻中心：中国新闻人的风采 秋日的华盛顿街头在阳光下优美如画，央视北美分台所在的玻璃写字楼也显得格
3、外通透。在相关工作人员带领下，我们走进了央视工作区。以蓝色为主色调的新闻演播室大气而有质感，央视 LOGO 看上去格外亲切，而大屏上的世界地图则彰显了一个权威媒体所特有的广阔视野。 身处彼时的美国，名为“总统选举”的风云大戏到哪儿都是热点话题。在简要概述央视北美分台的日常运作后，王冠老师介绍了央视对于本次大选的三大报道角度：金钱政治、中国话题，以及两大候选人之间的交锋。而谈到媒体在这出大戏中所扮演的角色，王冠老师列举了一系列思考角度，宋鲁郑教授也从自己的研究出发进行补充，表达了报道选题在广度与深度方面的进一步可能。 当日第二站，我们来到了上海东方传媒集团（SMG）的华盛顿新办公室。位于宾夕法尼
4、亚大街上的 SMG 新办公室，可谓占据了黄金地理位置，不只与白宫共处一条大街，更面朝世界银行与国际货币基金组织两座大楼。据说在附近闲逛，与世界顶尖数据分析师撞个满怀的几率相当高。 在明亮崭新的办公室内，我们与曹景行、SMG 记者坐成一圈，聊了起来。围绕“十年后的媒体会是什么样”这一话题，每个人都谈了谈自己的想法：从未来媒体的可能形式到内容，再到媒体的生存与经营之道。席间，恍然意识到自己正在媒体权威们面前毫不保留地叙述自己的故事，正在自如应对来自专家老师们的提问与挑战，深感不可思议的同时也有一丝成长的自豪。 3记得在讨论的最后，曹景行对我们说：“昨天是有规则的，而明天没有规则。打开思想，未来是属
5、于你们的。 ” 走进联合国新闻发布室：秘书长发言人是怎么工作的 人人都可以进入纽约联合国总部内参观一圈，但要想进入联合国大楼内的工作区，并且亲临每日例行的新闻发布现场，那可就值得一书了。多亏校方与 SMG 媒体联系，我们有幸走进了只有联合国专门记者才准进入的新闻发布室，安静地等待联合国秘书长发言人斯特凡?杜加里克（Stphane Dujarric）带来每日简报新闻发布会。到场记者大约 10 位，据说列席记者可以来自联合国任何成员国，其中也包括受到国际制裁的国家派出的记者。杜加里克先生首先播报了一系列联合国人道主义救助工作的相关进展情况。其后，杜加里克先生也表达了联合国对印度儿童所面临的空气污染
6、问题、布隆迪共和国的饥荒、全球粮食价格调整等问题的关切。 简报后是答记者问时间。记者们就各自关心的问题向发言人提问，如果认为发言人的回答有些闪烁其词，还会毫不留情地继续追问。发布会结束后，杜加里克先生亲切地与我们聊了起来。作为联合国秘书长的新闻发言人，想必在媒体面前的每一句话、每一个词汇都要经过深思熟虑，否则说不好会演变成怎样的国际争端。 随后，中国维和部队驻联合国军官戴祁林带着我们参观了联合国安理会和维和部队照片墙，并介绍了维和部队的工作和基本情况。 “作为联合国五大常任理事国之一，中国一直致力于成为一个负责任的大国， ”戴4祁林说着向我们指指墙上一张中国维和士兵正在铲土的照片， “这是中国
7、维和人员在非洲刚果（金）执行建设任务。这是实实在在的付出。 ” 探访中国驻美大使馆：他乡的故土情怀 位于华盛顿的中国驻美大使馆气派庄严，集国内建筑师、书画艺术家与现代艺术家等的杰作于一馆，低调沉稳又不失大国气派。使馆的新闻参赞方虹女士以及诸位外交官笑盈盈地迎接我们，邀请我们参加一场关于“公共外交”的讨论。公共外交，即指一国政府或经政府授权的社会组织，通过传播、公关、媒体等手段与国外公众进行双向交流，旨在提升本国形象和声誉、增进国家利益的活动。方虹参赞说，世界形势复杂、国际政治变化不断，这些都使公共外交提升到了新的战略高度。而公共外交也是传播中国声音、树立中国“和平崛起”良好形象的重要手段。近年
8、?恚?中国驻美大使馆通过各种政策宣传和解释，通过“中国立场”的“国际表达” ，增进美国各界对于中美关系的了解。外交官刘宇清等还表示，当前公共外交面临的最大挑战是跨越中美两国存在的文化差异，找准受众的需求与关注点，力争在诸多议题上达成一致。 我深切地感受到使馆在如何顺应时代、积极展现真实的中国形象这一问题上，的确作出了巨大的努力。最后，方虹参赞亲切说道：“你们新闻报道团此行正是公共外交的一种体现啊。 ” A Journalistic Rehearsal in USA By Qian Yiwen In the fall of 2016， I took part in a two-week prog
9、ram 5hosted by the School of Journalism of the Shanghai International Studies University. Led by famous commentator Cao Jingxing， the delegation visited many places in eastern US and interviewed people from all walks of life. The program provided me with a great opportunity for a first-hand experien
10、ce of an interesting chapter of the American history. The night we landed there， Washington DC was sizzling with heaps of Halloween atmosphere， with everyone busy carving pumpkins into jack-o-lanterns and lighting bonfires and children waiting anxiously for trick-or-treating. The street beside the W
11、hite House was packed with people attending Halloween costume parties. Two men dressed up like body guards caught my eye. “She is Hilary Clinton， ” the taller guy pointed at the baby he was holding in his arms. The baby， with big flashing eyes， was also dressed up in a sapphire blue suit. The next d
12、ay we walked into the chic office building where the North America Branch of CCTV （now rebranded as China Global Television Network or CGTN as of December 31， 2016） was headquartered. In the television studio decked out with a refreshing blue color motif， everyone in the delegation enjoyed the insig
13、htful comment from Mr. Wang Guan and Professor Song Luzheng about the CCTV coverage on the ongoing USA 6presidential election. The second leg of the day was the new office of Shanghai Media Group （SMG） located on Pennsylvania Avenue， where the White House is also sited and the World Bank and Interna
14、tional Monetary Fund headquarters are just around the corner. In the sun-drenched meeting room， the delegation and SMG representatives brainstormed about the future of media. “There were rules to follow in the past， but there wont be rules tomorrow. Open your mind and the future is yours， ” Cao Jing
15、xing concluded at the end of the discussion. Thanks to the liaison effort from the school and SMG， we were granted a once-in-a-life chance to walk into the newsroom of the General Headquarters of the United Nations for an eye-opening experience of its daily briefing hosted by Stphane Dujarric， the S
16、pokesperson for the then United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. The daily ritual is open to journalists from member countries of the United Nations. That day， there were about ten journalists. Stphane Dujarric opened the briefing of that day with a conclusion of the progresses made recently b
17、y the UN in its humanitarian relief endeavors. He then commented on the famine in the Republic of Burundi and expressed his concern on the rising global grain 7prices. The briefing is routinely followed by a question and answer session in which Stphane Dujarric would be challenged by all kinds of qu
18、estions from everyone in the audience. That day， the delegation also took part in a guided tour led by Dai Qilin， the Chinese ambassador to the UN Peace-keeping Force. At the Chinese Embassy in Washington DC， press counselor Ms Fang Hong and diplomatic officials welcomed us into the solemn building
19、and invited us to take part in a discussion about “public diplomacy”. In international relations， public diplomacy or peoples diplomacy， broadly speaking， is the communication with and dissemination of propaganda to foreign public to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence. “The comple
20、xity of the international political situation is bringing the importance of public diplomacy to a new， strategic high， ” Ms Fang pointed out， adding that “public diplomacy has proved to be a vital method for China to make its voice heard and express its wish of peaceful rise on the global stage as w
21、ell as in its diplomatic communication with the US.” “The biggest challenge facing the public diplomacy between China and America is the cultural difference between the two 8countries； therefore the key to reaching consensus in many issues is to pinpoint the demands of the audience， ” clarified Liu Yuqing， one of the diplomats participating in the discussion. “What you are doing here now serves as an example of what public diplomacy is.” Ms Fang Hong concluded nearing the end of the discussion.
