1、18A、8B 英语笔记整理8A Unit 1 A letter from a penfriend relate with = about ambition 志向（a very strong wish） enclose bad-worse-worstill-worse-worstbadly-worseworstowner(n.)拥有者own(a./v.)1. What would you like to do?Would like / love to do = want to do 想要做e.g. Would you like / love toYes, Id like to / love to
2、, but (理由)2. tell sb. sth. about 告诉某人关于 的一些事e.g. Id like to tell you something about my trip in Hong Kong.3. one and a half meters tall. 1.5 米(or) one meter and a half1.5 米four and a half kilos (or) four kilos and a half 用“数词+单位+ 形容词”来表示身高，体重，长度，宽度，年龄等e.g. This suitcase is 80cm long, 55cm wide, 5cm
3、high.长 宽 高4. 限定词（this, that）数词（ two）性质（beautiful, ugly） 尺寸大小（bid）长短（long, short）形状（round, triangle）新旧或年龄（old, young） 颜色（red, blue）国籍(产地)（Chinese ）材 料（wooden, leather）状语（shining, glowing）5. ones hobby is doing sth. 习惯性，经常ones ambition（ wish / hope / duty / responsibility / job）+ be + to do sth.除了 hob
4、by，其余全用“to do sth.”e.g. (1) His job at the moment is to look after the homeless people.(2) Their duty is to keep the whole building clean.(3) Todays homework is to copy the new word.6. own. (v.) 拥有，占有=have ，但 own 更强调物品的归属为某人自己。e.g. (1) Mr. Smith owns a car.(2) Mr. Smith has his own car.(3) Mr. Smith
5、 has a car of his own. 7. be keen on = like very much = be interested in = be fond of (特别) 喜欢，渴望，热衷于.be keen on + 名词 or 动名词(doing)e.g. He is keen on playing football.be keen on 动名词make + it + adj.+ for sb. / sth + to do sth. 使得做某事变得8. (1.)enjoy + doing / n. enjoy oneself = enjoy ones time = have a g
6、ood time(2.)play chess play football play cardsplay the piano the violin the guitar play + ballgames / chess / cardsplay + the + musical instrument 音乐器材前加“the”29. physics 物理 physical(a.)物理的，身体的a physics teacher / lab / homeworka physical change / physical education (PE)10. maybe / may be 1) He is ma
7、ybe at home perhaps 如果原句有动词，maybe2) He may be at home 如果原句无动词，may be (情态动词)11. 1) enclose (v.)附寄2) a photo of myself 强调照片有我 不等于 a photo of mine等于 a photo of me12. 反义疑问句陈述句（肯） ，动词（否定）主语的代词？陈述句（否） ，动词（肯定）主语的代词？例：1). I am late, arent I ?2). There is little water in the bottle, is there ?3). There are f
8、ew students in the hall, are there ?4). You could hardly believe that, could you ?5). He rarely / seldom goes to the cinema, does he ?6). Lets go swimming, shall we ?7). Let us go swimming, will you ?8). Dont be late next time, will you ?祈使句的反义疑问句除“Letsshall we?”之外，其余用 will you。little / few / hardly
9、 / rarely / seldom 否定词 （反义部分用肯定）13. hope 的用法比较特殊，可以说 hope to do，但不能说 hope sb. to do，这是可以用 hope + (that)从句的结构来表示。Hope 后不可以加 to do 只有 wish sb. to do train (v.) training (n.) 培训，训练do well in = be good at work out 猜出 ，squash 壁球 highheight 身高heavyweight（n. ）weigh （v.）8A Unit 2 Whizz Kid 1. expect (v.) ex
10、pect sth. / sb. e.g. (1.) Farmers expect a good harvest.(2.) Ill expect you for supper at 6 p.m. sharpexpect to do sth. / expect sb. to do sth. e.g. (1.) He expects to finish the project in a week(2.) Do you expect me to stay for another week? expect that （从句）2. business C公司 *start a new businessU生意
11、 *He went to Beijing on business (go to on business 出差)How is your business? Quit good.*Although he is my friend, business is business (公事公办)businessmanbusinessmen businesswomanbusinesswomen33. similar (a.) 类似的be similar to 和差不多4. different (a.)不同的be different from 与 不同differently(ad.) 不同的difference
12、 C U 不同之处e.g. (1.) Teenagers always think that their parents different opinions from them.(2.) Can you tell me the difference between the two words?(3.) In fact, these two books are quite similar. You can choose either of them. (eitheror)5. successful (a.) 成功的successfully(ad.) 成功地success(n.) 成功 a gr
13、eat successsucceed(v.) 成功 succeed in + n. (doing)He is a successful writer. He has successful published more than 20 novels. Last month he succeeded in holding his first painting show. No wonder so many people admire his great success.6. must be 把握程度强（肯定是）e.g. After a days hard work, you must be tir
14、ed. 否定式 cant be （不可能是）e.g. He cant be at home now. Because he is on a business trip.7. one of the(1.) This is one of the most expensive dresses in our shop.(2.) Yesterday was one if the coldest days of the year.(3.) One of the longest rivers in the world lies in this country.one of + 最高级 + 名词复词top 表
15、示顶级的，不用最高级8. put on (wear)(1.) Its raining hard outside, youd better put on your coat.(2.) Jane is wearing a new dress. wear 已经穿上 put on 指动作9. 一般现在时 Meaning1) 经常性的习惯动作：Wendy always talks about business over breakfast.2) 自然界中的客观事实或真理：The sun rises in the esat.3) 表示人的心理活动或表示客观属性的动词：believe/love/hate/b
16、elong to/contain*The book contains six chapters.Seructure:主语I, you, we, they 一律动词原形. (否) dont+动原.单三he, she, it 动词后加 s 或 es. (否) doesnt+动原.Time Adverbials:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never10. luckily (adv.) lucky (adj.) 幸运的 【反】unluckily 不幸的 unlucky (adj.)uck (n.)运气1) You are lu
17、ck enough to get the first prize.2) Four is usually regarded as a(an) unlucky number.3) Luckily, she was at home when I called on her.4) Tom was upset, because he had bad luck all week.11. sell (v.) (sold, sold)卖 sale(n)卖sales(n. / a.)销售的 a sales manager1) The sold out all the tickets by 5 p.m.2) Im
18、 sorry sir. This vase is not for sale. (be for sale 可以买卖的)3) I got this coat on sale, its very cheap. (be on sale 打折)412. manager (n.) / manage (v.) 管理mange to do sth. =succeed in doing = be able to do1) Its raining heavily. He tired to get there on time.2) Its raining heavily. He managed to get the
19、re on time.做到了13. be responsible for 对 负责responsible (a.)负责 responsibility (n.)责任*Teacher would like to give the work to those responsible students.14. discuss (v.) -talk oven (about) sth. 讨论discussion (n.)Lets discuss todays work. = Lets have a discussion about todays work.discuss about sth. 可以说 ha
20、ve a discussion about sth.15. over breakfast = during / at breakfast16. go to school in our family car. by car buy bus by train 只跟交通工具17. make phone calls to18. on the way to / on ones way to 在去的路上。home, here, there 不+to 19. but some of the work is boringboring(a.) -(sth.) bored(a.)-(sb.)20. achieve
21、grade in 21. I never fail an exam.fair(v.) 失败 fair to do sth. = be not able to do 未能成failure(n.) 失败 Failure is the mother of success.He failed to pass the exam, didnt he? He was unhappy to day, wasnt he?fair = not pass 1) He failed the exam.He didnt pass the exam.2) He failed to pass the exam.He was
22、nt able to pass the exam.22. The driver collects me from school.collect sb. = pick sb. up 接送某人23. return to(1.) After the meeting, he returned to the factory.(2.) Youd better return the books to the library before Friday.return to -come / go back to 返回giveback to 归还24. attend a club / attend school
23、/ attend a meeting / a lecturejoin the army / the dancing group / the partytake part in a football match / a writing contestattend 强调出席，人到场了join 加入某长期的组织或团体，成为其中一员take part in 参加某个具体的活动或比赛25. assist(v.) -help assistant(n.)-helper26. continue(v.)( 1.) continue doing sth = go on doing = keep doing(2.)
24、 work on介词 on 在这里表示“某方向”27. seldom(adv.)-not often, rarely 几乎很少，几乎不(1.) Hes seldom late for school, is he? 5(2.) It seldom snows in Shanghai, doesnt it? 28. need 做情态动词，只能用于否定或疑问句，后只跟动词原形*You neednt clean my office*Need I clean you office?need 用于肯定句，要用行为动词 need：后跟名词或动词 to do 形式1) He needs a lot of mo
25、ney to build the house.He doesnt need a lot of money to build the house.Dose he need a lot of money to build the house.What does he need to build the house?2) They needed to think it over. / (They didnt need to think it over )Did they need to think it over?What did they need to do?Tom doesnt need to
26、 go there by himself.She needs to raise some money to do this project.The old lady needs good medical came.29. spend, cost, pay, take, buy 区别sb. spend money / time on sth.(in) doing sth. sth. cost sb. money sb. pay money + for sth.It take(s) sb. time +to dotooksb. buy + sth. + for +money.1) She spen
27、t 2 hours finishing this work.It took she 2 hours to finish this work.2) He spend 50yuan on the book.The book cost he 50yuan.He pay 50yuan for the book.He buy the book for 50yuan.8A Unit 3 Dealing with trouble1. deal v. (dealt, dealt)Deal with sth. / sb. 处理*How do you deal with the trouble/old books
28、?*What do you do with the old books?2. happen v. 发生，碰巧*A funny thing happened yesterday.1) Sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事Did you hear what happened to peter yester day?2) happen to do sth. 碰巧，不巧做了某事I happened to see him yesterday.* happen（偶然发生）take place（经安排后发生）When did the explosion happen?When will th
29、e wedding take place?*Great changes have taken place in the last three years.（引导现在完成时）3. keep quiet *They are having an important meeting. Let s go up stairs quietly so nobody will notice us.4.wait v. wait for*Who are you waiting for?*They are waiting for their teacher.6waiter/waitress5. suddenly ad
30、v. sudden adj.*We are all surprised at his sudden death.6. argue v. 争吵，争论 (argued, argued, arguing)*Listen, they are arguing loudly.Argue with sb. Argue about sth.*Peter argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.Argument n. 争论，论据，论点*They had a long argument about the issue.*argument, disag
31、reement, arrangement, management, achievement, movement, excitement7. two women tourists/two men doctorstwo girl students/two boy studentstwo female elephants/two male lionstwo apple trees只有以 man、woman 构成的复合名词在变成复数时，前后两个名词都要变为复数。8. hold v. (held, held)hold out 伸出，端出/ hold a meeting 开会/ hold up 举起/ h
32、old on （电话）别挂断/ hold one s breath 屏住呼吸9. crowd n, 人群 crowded adj.1) I saw a crowd of people running around the building2) There were crowds of people at the theatre.3) We should take care of our belongings in crowded places.4) Najing Road Walk Way is one of the most crowded street in Shanghai.5) The
33、 hall is crowded with audience.10. stare v./n. 盯，凝视 (stared, stared, staring)stare at sb. 盯着某人看1) It s rude to stare at other people.2) The teacher stare at some students if they are absent- minded.11. go on 发生，继续1) What s going on? = What s happening ?2) If he goes on like this, he will lose his jo
34、b.3) Although it was late at night, he was still going on watching TV.4) They went on with their discussion until 9 p.m.*go on with + n.12. move through the crowdacross the river through the city across the road through the forestacross the pipe through the tunnelthrough 指从某个物体的内部空间通过，贯穿。Across 指从某个
35、物体的表面穿过13. steal v. (stole, stolen, stealing)*She wanted to steal money from his father s drawer.*rob (robbed) rob sth. of sb. robbery/robber14. notice v. 注意I noticed that he stole the purse at the woman.I noticed him waiting him outside.(notice sb. doing)I noticed him enter the room.(notice sb. do)
36、notice n. 通知，布告 the notice on the wall notice board15. We were in the bookstore, buying post cards.*Many parents stood outside the school gate, waiting for their children.*The boy sat there, crying.7*He lay on the bed, thinking about the problem.现在分词作为伴随动词，补充当时状态16. follow v.*You go first and I will
37、 follow you later.follow adj. = next 接着*The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed to be well again.17. hurry v. 赶快 (hurried, hurried, hurrying)*Don t hurry, we are not late.*Hurry up, or we ll be late for the plane.*Look, he is hurrying to the meeting room.hurry n. 仓促，匆忙
38、in a hurry*I m (not) in a hurry to change my job.hurried adj. hurriedly adv.*hurried work 仓促的工作 *leave hurriedly / leave in a hurry18. abroad adv. 上（船，火车，飞机）*they went abroad the ship.*The boat is ready to leave. All aboard.abroad adj. 海外，国外*She will study abroad next year.19. strange adj. 奇怪的1) Str
39、angely, I have never seen that television show before.2) Don t talk to strangers.3) Sorry, I don t know where the book here is because I m also a stranger here.20. afraid adj. 害怕的Be afraid of (doing) sth. / be afraid to do sth.*Many people are afraid of snakes.*He was afraid of failing in the exam.*
40、Don t be afraid to ask for help.*Are we on time? I m afraid not.21. pick up 捡起，拿起*Don t throw the rubbish on the ground, please.代词放在介词短语中*My father usually pick me up after school.*When I travelled in America, I picked up some American English.22. report v. n. 报告*He reported a theft.*He wrote a repo
41、rt about the accidents.reporter n. 报告人，记者23. theft n. 偷窃案 thief n. (pl.) thieves24. *It just left a few minutes ago.It has been away for a few minutes.25. detail n. 资料，详细情况*Let s discuss the details of our arrangement.In detail 详细地*Let s discuss in detail.26. put the phone down*Put down the old pict
42、ures from the wall.Put down 放下put up your handsput up 举起8put out the fireput out 扑灭put on the play next weekput on 上演put off the sports meeting put off 延期27. As we got off.get on / go off (bus, ferry, train, plane)get into / get out off (car, taxi)get to 到达 get ready for 准备get up 起床 get back 回来28. s
43、ee sb. doing / do (sth.)See sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事 See sb. do 1) 看见某人经常做某事2) 看见某人做某事的过程（多用于瞬间动词）同性质词语：hear, notice, find, watchDid you often see her take a walk after supper?I saw the man go into the bank at the time. We heard Tom singing in the room when we entered.Did you hear him say sorry to the te
44、acher?29. He looked worried.Look 为感官动词，则后跟形容词 (同 small, taste, feel, sound)但是如果后面还有at sb. / at sth. 时，为普通行为动词，这时需要以副词修饰。The little boy looked sadly at the broken vase, he looked really sad.The woman looked happily at her son.30. Well done! 做得好！praise sb. for what he did31. I said as we walked by.As
45、用法：as = when *As he was a child, he enjoyed swimming.He doesnt run as fast as me. 像一样He works as a physics teacher. 作为As she has no car, its not easy for her to get there. 因为Walk by 经过8A Unit 4 Numbers, Everyones language 1. at least 最少 at most 最多2. in ancient times 在古代3. in many different ways 用很多不
46、同的方法4. count v. 数 (counted, counted, counting)*countable adj. 可数的 uncountable adj. 不可数的Mile is a countable noun while is an uncountable noun.*countless adj. 无数的5. in tens 十进制6. Greek(s) a./n. 希腊的，希腊人 Greece 希腊Roman(s) a./n. 罗马的，罗马人 Rome 罗马Egyptian(s) a./n. 埃及的，埃及人 Egypt 埃及Indian(s) a./n. 印度的，印度人 Ind
47、ia 印度7. invent v. 发明 invention n. 发明产物 发明 inventor n. 发明家1) The invention of telephone made it easier for us to communicate.2) Bell is inventor of telephone.93) Printing was one of the greatest inventors in the ancient China.4) Who invented the light? Edison.8. develop v. 发展，开发 (developed, developed, developing)China has developed a lot recently.*develop an ideaHe developed his business three years ago.China is still a developing country. （发展中的）America is already a developed country. （发达的）development n. 发展developer n. 开发者9. calculating machines 计算器 calculating n. 用于计算的calculate 计算 cal
