1、45LESSON FIVE四种完成进行时态与时态复习与被动语态导言在学习了进行时态和完成时态之后，我们就很容易理解完成进行时态。它既有完成时的态过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时的含义，又有进行态-给人以生动的画面感，使语气更强的意义。也就是说它们是完成与进行两种“态”的结合。 完成进行时态的构成现在完成进行时态 have (has) been doing过去完成进行时态 had been doing将来完成进行时态 will have been doing过去将来完成进行时态 would have been doing在学习完成时态时，我们已经了解完成时态有两种用法。1、 过去的动作对说话时产生
2、的影响。2、 过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时。完成进行时态只具备完成时态的第 2 种用法，即过去发生的动作一直持续到说话时，并加入进行时给人的画面感，使语气更强。下面通过完成进行时态与完成时态的比较加以说明。 现在完成进行时态46 My teacher has been working on that subject the last two years. My teacher has worked on that subject the last two years.这两年我的老师一直在研究那个课题。第一句与第二句除了在持续性上相同外，还多了一种画面感，好像能够看到那位老师埋头工作的情景，所
3、以语气更强。但用汉语很难译出两个句子的区别。 I have been waiting for you. I have waited for you.第一句给人的感觉比第二句更亲切，好像能够看到说话人等待的样子。 过去完成进行时态 He was tired. He had been working all day. He was tired. He had worked all day.他累了。他干了一整天。第一句由于有进行时态的画面感，给人的感觉要比第二句给人的感觉更“辛苦”些。 将来完成进行时态 Mr. Smith will have been living in China for exa
4、ctly twenty years in another months time. Mr. Smith will have lived in China for twenty years in another months time.再过一个月，史密斯先生在中国就整整住了二十年了。第一句语气要比第二句强，更能给人一种史密斯在中国住了很长时间的感觉。 过去将来完成进行时态47 He said that by the end of this year he would have been studying English for three years. He said that by the e
5、nd of this year he had studied English for three years.注：第一句想要给对方一种他学了很长时间英语的感觉。第二句则比较平淡。被动语态被动语态是动词的一种形式，只有主谓宾句型才有被动语态，它所强调的，不是动作的发出者，而是动作的接受者，在掌握了时态以后，学习被动语态并不难，重要的是牢记被动语态的动词形式，我们在后面为大家列的表格，请大家熟记。 The policeman arrested the thief.The thief was arrested (by the policeman).注：如果没有必要强调动作的发出者，我们可以把 by
6、the policeman 省略。 The teacher can translate this sentence in different ways.This sentence can be translated in different ways. 被动语态表一般时态 进行时态 完成时态现在amis doneareamis are havehas过去waswerewaswere had been done将来 shallwill shall have beenwill done过去将来shouldwouldshould have beenwould donebeing done been
7、donedonebe donebe donebeing done48重要提示时态是英语中非常复杂的概念，必须通过长期的阅读和在实际会话中细心体会。我们通过下面的表，试图让同学们抓住时态中最主要的用法和规律。英语时态是“ 时 ”与“ 态 ”的结合，即四种时间概念+四种不同的情态（实际上只有两种情态，进行态和完成态，一般时不含情态，完成进行态是完成态与进行态的结合。）如果从这样一个角度去理解，把下表竖列的时间+ 横行的情态，就能够比较容易掌握 16 种时态。希望在练习时，细心体会，多问为什么。（附时态表两张，以帮助同学们复习。请见本书后的附录 1.附录 2.）阅读与欣赏Opportunities
8、are usually disguised as hard work, so most people dont recognize them. -ANN LANDERS机遇往往乔装成一项艰难的工作，所以大多数人才识别不出来。Opportunities are seldom labeled（标签）. -JOHN A. SHEDD很少有贴着标签的机遇。I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.-Thomas hardy,
9、British poet and novelist 49可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。 英国诗人 Our life is frittered(浪费 ) away by detail. Simplify it, simplify it. -David Thoreau Henry, Aerican writer 我们的生活都被琐事浪费掉了，简单点，简单点。-美国作家 亨利 . D. T. Without health, no pleasure can be tasted by man. -Henry Bollingbroke, British statesman 没有健康就没有
10、乐趣。 -英国政治家 博林布鲁克 .H. Lost wealth may be replaced by industry, lost knowledge by study, losthealth by temperance (节制)or medicine, but lost time is gone for ever. -Samuel Smiles, British writer 失去的财富可以靠勤奋换来，失去的知识可以靠学习得来，失去的健康可以靠节制或药物得来，但是失去的光阴一去不复返。 -英国作家 斯迈尔斯 . S. Truth exists, only falsehood has to
11、be invented.-GEORGES BGAQUE真理原本就存在，谎言才是人发明的。Four WordsHeather and Marcy met for lunch. After a while, they started talking about their love lives. Marcy said that there wasnt anyone special in her life. Heather, on the other hand, was smiling happily about the new man in hers.“Hes perfect（好极了）,” she
12、 said. “Last night, just as we were about to leave the restaurant, he said the four little words Ive been waiting to hear a man say.”“Let me guess（猜）,” said Marcy. “He said, Will you marry me?”50“No,” replied Heather. “He said, Put your money away.”（把你的钱收起来）A New Employee（雇员） Several（几个） weeks after
13、 a young man had been hired（雇佣）, he was called into the personnel directors（人事主任） office.“What is the meaning of this?” the director asked. “When you applied for（申请） the job, you told us you had five years experience（经验）. Now we discover this is the first job you ever help.“Well,” the young man said
14、, “in your advertisement you said you wanted somebody with imagination.”（想象力）Jack clubOh Dear!（昂贵的，亲爱的）In a gift shop one day I was attracted to two identical（完全相同的）wooden deer. I picked up one to check the price. It was $34.90. Out of curiosity（好奇）, I looked at the price on the other. It was $54.90
15、. I couldnt resist a saving of $20, so I bought the $34.90 deer. Feeling pleased with myself, but somewhat guilty as I left the shop, I heard one salesgirl say to the other, “It never fails.”My Wife Had A BabyAt the entrance（入口） to a big office in London there was a book which all employees（雇员）had t
16、o sign when they arrived each morning. At nine oclock, the managers secretary, who lived in a small flat above the office, had to draw a red line under the last name in the book, and anyone who came after that had to explain why he was late.Whenever there was a thick fog in the city, the first perso
17、n to arrive late usually wrote Delayed by fog under the red line in the book, and then everybody else who came after that just put ditto（同上）underneath（在下面）.But one foggy morning, the first man to arrive late wrote My wife had a baby early this morning instead of Delayed by fog under the red 51line i
18、n the book. Twenty or thirty people who came after him put ditto underneath this as usual.52练 习一、将下来句子译成中文，注意句子中时态的使用，并对每组句子加以比较。1. We have been cleaning the classroom.We have cleaned the classroom.2. Who has been eating my apple?Who has eaten my apple?3. Have you had lunch?When did you have lunch?4
19、. Whos been here while I was out?Who was here while I was out?5. How has he done it?How did he do it?6. We have lived in London for eight years.We lived in London for eight years.7. You are lying.You have been lying.8. He came here after he finished school.He came here after he had finished school.9
20、. Tomorrow is Friday.Tomorrow will be Friday.二、将下列句子译成中文。注意动词时态的用法并说明原因。1. I have been telling you hundreds of times to be more attentive.2. They had been climbing for two hours when they at last reached the summit of the mountain.3. It is two oclock now, and I have been working already for three ho
21、urs, at five oclock I shall have been working for six hours.4. He said that by the end of that year he would have been working in the factory for twenty years.5. Hijacks are dangerous because they are using the most valuable assets (财产 ) in our democracies (民主国家), human life, to pressure (压力) govern
22、ment to concede (让步) to their demands.536. The revolution of larger and much quieter aircraft is beginning to reduce noise levels under the flight paths.7. Has it ever happened to you? Have you ever put your trousers (裤子) in the washing machine and then remembered there was a large bank note in your
23、 back pocket? When you rescued (抢救) your trousers, did you find the note was whiter than white? 8. If the “fasten seat belts” flash on in flight, obey them quickly; the aircraft may be about to enter turbulence (颠簸气流) and passengers who are walking about, especially at the back, could be thrown arou
24、nd. 9. Pumas are large, cat-like animals that are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted (看见) forty-five miles south of London, no one believed it.三、 将下列句子变成被动语态。1. She is drawing a picture of the house.2. They will invite Tom to the party.3. Workers sh
25、ould do the work with great care.4. They will postpone the meeting till next Wednesday.5. My mother doesnt allow me to eat out.6. He has repaired my car.7. They are going to give a dinner party.8. The teacher was explaining the text when I came in.9. The teacher has corrected these exercise books.10
26、. The policemen have caught the thief.四、 动词的适当时态填空。1. The Yangtze River (flow) into the East China Sea.2. His father (die) ten years ago.3. He (serve) in the army from 1970 to 1980.4. He (serve) in the army since he was 18.5. Rome (be not built) in a day.6. He (live) in China for ten years. But he a
27、nd his wife live in America now.547. My watch (work) perfectly now.8. When he (be) in Northeast he (always complain of) the cold.9. You came here late. She (already go).10. We (not be) there lately.11. In spring, the weather (get) warm and the field (turn) green.12. Hurry up! It (get) late.13. Where
28、 (be) he now?He (listen) to the radio in the next room.14. Please tell me where you (buy) the dictionary.15. What he (do) this time last year?16. The two dogs (fight) for the last ten minutes.17. My father (teach) in the school for ten years now. He ( teach) there even since it was set up.18. She (k
29、nock) on the door for several minutes .19. At last he found the book he (look for).20. He couldnt go to sleep because he (talk) too long.21. When we got there, we found that they (leave) ten minutes before.22. John (complete) the course by next Saturday. 23. At this time, tomorrow I (wait) for you at the gate of our school.24. Mary said she (study) in the college for ten years by June.25. The teacher (write) an article recently and (finish) it in a day or two.五、完成下列句子。1. Our teacher told us that （我们将要开一门英语会话课）.2. We learned that （他们第二天就要到边疆去了）.3. （我们在讨论计划）the whole morning yesterday.
