1、A Glimpse of Chinese History,By Jenny ,4 great ancient civilizations:,1.Egyptian (based on Niles river civilization)2. Mesopotamia (based on Tigris and Euphrates civilization)3. Indian (based on Indus Valley civilization)4. China (based on Yellow River civilization),Geographical Locations,The Prehis
2、tory Period -Archaeological Excavations,From Paleolithic to Neolithic Ages“Peking Man” Chinese Ape Man Zhoukoudian 0.4 -0. 5 million years agoThe Lantian Man 0.5-0.6 million years agoThe Yuanmou Man 1.7 million years agoMaba, Changyang, Liujiang, in the Yellow River Bend region: the Paleolithic AgeS
3、outh of the Yangtze River: Neolithic AgesUnearthed material: specimens of painted pottery (Yangshao Culture); specimens of black pottery (Longshan Culture),Pre- and Early History of China,Several Legendary Characters,Pan Gu split the world into heaven and earth. Nu Wa used soil to create human being
4、s and saved the earth from being drowned by the leaking Heaven. Cang Jie（仓颉） invented Chinese characters. Shen Nong（神农）invented agriculture. Sui Ren（燧人）found out how to produce fire. You Cao Shi （有巢氏）invented houses and shelters.,Legendary Emperors in Prehistory China:,* The legendary sovereign of H
5、uaxia(华夏） Group and the founder of the Chinese “Empire”( pre-historical) * Fought off Chiyou in the battle of Zhuolu and then defeated the Yan Emperor to assure his reign * The inventor of “the south-pointing wheeled vehicle”, armour, pottery, etc. and the regulator of sacrificial and religious,The
6、Ancient Dynasties,Prehistoric Times 1.7 million years - the 21st century BCXia (22051766BC)At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late Neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty,Yao （尧）, the first sage king who chose a talented you
7、ng man Shun （舜）instead of his own son as new emperor，an action revered as “demise”（禅让）for centuries to come. Yu the Great （大禹），a hero in taming the flood, the founder of Xia Dynasty ，and the terminator of demise system.,The Xia Dynasty (21st - 17th cn. B.C),A Dynasty that can only be detected throug
8、h archeological evidence An evolutional stage between the late Neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization The pioneering dynasty,The Dawn of History,商The Shang dynasty (from 1700 to 1027 B.C also called the Yin the Huang He Valley -the cradle of Chinese civilization-provide eviden
9、ce about the Shang Dynasty. Two important events: the development of a writing system; and the use of bronze metallurgy.,The Shang Dynasty (1766 - 1100 B.C.),The first dynasty that left its traces in written word inscribed in archaic Chinese characters on tortoise shells or flat cattle bones (also k
10、nown as the oracle bones 甲骨文)A dynasty that boasts on its bronze metallurgy. Many ceremonial bronze vessels attest to high level of craftsmanship.,The Zhou Period,周Zhou (1027 to 221 B.C), which had settled in the Wei () Valley in modern Shaanxi ( ) Province. It extended Shang culture through much of
11、 China Proper north of the Chang Jiang ( or Yangtze River). Historians divide the Zhou era into Western Zhou (1027-771 B.C.) and Eastern Zhou (770-221 B.C.). The first, from 770 to 476 B.C., is called the Spring and Autumn Period ( ), the second is known as the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C. ).
12、,The Hundred Schools of Thought诸子百家,the golden age of China. So many different philosophies developed during the late Spring and Autumn and early Warring States periods that the era is often known as that of the Hundred Schools of Thought .,Schools of Chinese thought,the School of Literati (儒 ) Conf
13、ucius; Mencius；Xunzithe School of Law ( 法), or Legalism : Han Fei Zi ; Li SiTaoism ( 道): Lao Zi and Zhuangzithe school of yin-yang (yin: dark, cold, female, negative; yang: light, hot, male, positive) and the five elements (water, fire, wood, metal, and earth). The doctrine of Mo Zi ( 470-391 B.C.):
14、 Advocating that all action must be utilitarian and pacifisms.,The Imperial Era,秦221 BC - 206 BC The First Imperial Period汉Western Han (206 BC - 24 AD) Eastern Han (25 - 220)Era of DisunityRestoration of EmpireThree Kingdoms Period 220 280Western Jin (265 - 316)& Eastern Jin (317 - 420)Northern Dyna
15、sties (386 - 581)& Southern Dynasties (420 - 589) 隋581 - 618唐Tang 618 907Liao Dynasty 916 - 1125Jin Dynasty 1115 - 1234宋Northern Song (960 - 1127)Mongolian Interlude元1271 - 1368The Chinese Regain Power明1368 - 1644The Rise of the Manchus清1644 - 1911,Qin Dynasty 221BC-,Qin, Shih Huang-ti or First empe
16、rorHe established the first united, power-centralized, multi-nationality and feudal autocratic monarchyThe Silk Route,Emergence of Modern China,The Western Powers ArriveThe Opium War, 1839-42,Emergence Of Modern China: II,The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64The Self-Strengthening MovementThe Hundred Days
17、Reform and the Aftermath,Emergence Of Modern China: ,The Republican Revolution of 1911Republican ChinaNationalism and CommunismOpposing the Warlords,Emergence Of Modern China: ,Consolidation under the GuomindangRise of the CommunistsAnti-Japanese WarReturn to Civil War,Emergence Of Modern China: ,Th
18、e Peoples Republic of ChinaThe Transition to Socialism, 1953-57The Great Leap Forward, 1958-60Readjustment and Recovery, 1961-65The Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76The Militant Phase, 1966-68The Ninth National Party Congress to the Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71The Ninth National Party Congress to t
19、he Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71The Post-Mao Period, 1976-78China and the Four Modernizations, 1979-82Reforms, 1980-88,Review Questions:,1. What makes the Chinese civilization unique in world history ?2. Try to explain the following terms: Huaxia Civilization & Yan-Huang descendents A Hundred Schools ContendingTerra cotta warriors - the Eighth World WonderThe Three KingdomsThe Opium WarXinhai RevolutionThe May 4th Movement,
