1、模式动物果蝇对生命科学研究的重要贡献概述: 1，果蝇在生命科学研究中的历史贡献2，来源于果蝇研究中的重大技术突破3，果蝇在现代医学研究中的应用专题：突触发育与智障和自闭症10 days at 250C1d1.5d2d1d4d10hrs成虫胚胎幼虫蛹Most Commonly Used Mutantswildtype, WTCurlywhiteBaryellowebony Basic Genetics ConceptsMutants-lots and lots of various mutants Mutations-loss-of-function and gain-of-function m
2、utationsMutagen-chemical, physical and biological mutagensMutagenesis-generation of various mutantsMosaics-mutant tissues or cells in otherwise wildtype individualEpistasis-gene interaction in terms of phenotypesGenotype versus phenotypeForward genetics versus Reverse GeneticsGenetics Versus Biochem
3、istryGenetics: the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits; understanding the in vivo functions of a gene through mutants Biochemistry: the scientific study of the chemistry of living cells, tissues, organs and organisms; in vitro structural and functional study of purified living co
4、mponentsInterdisciplinary approach to study biological processesProtein: 蛋白、蛋白质Mutation/mutants: 突变、突变体For his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933Morgan, T.H. Science 32: 120-122 (1910) Sex limited inheritance in Drosoph
5、ilaFrom Columbia University to California Institute of TechnologyMorgan and His Three Extremely Gifted StudentsAlfred H. Sturtevant Calvin B. Bridges Hermann J. MullerA. H. SturtevantThe Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1946For the discover of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irra
6、diationHermann Joseph Muller, 1890-1967Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USABefore his discovery, mutants were largely from spontaneous mutations! It revolutionized animal and plant breeding, offered novel insights into irradiation damage and cancer biology Ed B. Lewis, 1918-2004Nobel Prize Winner in Physiology or Medicine, 1995Lewis, E.B. (1978) A Gene Complex Controlling Segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276, 565-570
