1、Chapter One 文章开头句型 1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. 例如(e.g) 1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to . , some people bielive that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . The
2、re is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter .) 3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g 1. Recently the rise in problem of/(ph
3、enomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) 3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to lea
4、rn to face now/constantly. - To be continued ! 1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法 . e.g: 1. Never history has the change of . been as evident as . Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of . benn more visible/popular than. 2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to rea
5、lize/accept/(be aware) that. 3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of . 4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that. 1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: 1. “Knowledge i
6、s power.“ such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people . “Education is not complete with gradulation.“ Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion. 2.“.“ How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /thi
7、s . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this “.“. 1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: 1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . . 2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But peopl
8、e now share this new. 1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: 1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenemenon of . has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time , there lived a man w
9、ho . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 1-8 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others . But in my opinion , . . Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析 3-1-1. 基本原因 - 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: 1. Why
10、 . ? For one thing. For another . 2. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing. For another. Still another . 3. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect . /both individual and social contribute to . 3-1-2 另一原因 - 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g: 1. Another i
11、mportant factor is . 2. . is also responsible for the change/problem. 3. Certainly , the . is not the sole reason for . 3-1-3 后果影响 - 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . e.g: 1. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on. 2. In involves some serious consequence for . 比较对照句型 3-2-1. 两者比较 - 比较两事物, 要说出其一
12、超过另一个 , 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 ! e.g: 1. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. 2. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. 3. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 3-2-2 . 两者相同/ 相似 - 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用
13、! e.g: 1. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that. 2. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B. Chapter Three 文章结尾形式 2-1 结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . e.g: 1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . 2. In summary/In a word , it is more
14、 valuable . 2-2 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. e.g: 1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of . 2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger.
15、2-3 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g: 1. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of . 2. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 2-4 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: 1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there a
16、re ways. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is . 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 2-5 方向性的结尾方式 - 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g: 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequa
17、te enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/benefical. 3. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty , but . 2-6 意义性的结尾方式 - 文章结尾的时候, 从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! e.g: 1. Following these suggestions m
18、ay not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . 2. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .提纲式作文 1 对立观点式 A有人认为 X 是好事，赞成 X， 为什么？ B 有人认为 X 是坏事， 反对 X，为什么？ C我的看法。 Some people are
19、 in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持 X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持 X 的另一个原因。 However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对 X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 There is s
20、ome truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。 2 批驳观点式 A一个错误观点。 B 我不同意。 Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have pre
21、sented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 There might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons be
22、hind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 3 社会问题（现象）式 A一个社会问题或者现象。 B 产生的原因 C对社会和我们生活的影响 D 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） E 前景的预测。 Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 T
23、here are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达） in the following aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式
24、议论文的写法。 Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will . 写作模板图表式作文 It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes. It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as X varies). At the point of （
25、接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of (多少). What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. First of all, (第一个原因). More importantly, (第二个原因). Most important of all, (第三个原因). From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predi
26、ct what will happen in the near future. The trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken 括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).写作模板辩论式议论文 模版 1 Some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点 1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly beli
27、eve that 观点 2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据 1. More importantly, 论据 2. Most important of all, 论据 3. In summary, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版 2 People hold di
28、fferent views about X. Some people are of the opinion that 观点 1, while others point out that 观点 2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. For one thing, 论据 1. For another, 论据 2. Last but not the least, 论据 3. To conclude, 总结观点. As a college student, I am supposed to 表决
29、心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测. 模版 3 There is no consensus knsenss 一致 of opinions among people about X（争论的焦点）。Some people are of the view that 观点 1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点 2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念） is preferable in many sen
30、ses. The reasons are obvious. First of all, 论据 1。 Furthermore, 论据 2。 Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. That is, 论据 3。 A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that 总结观点。 As a college student, I am supposed to 表决心. 或 From above, we can predict that 预测 常用句型：1 表示原因 1
31、）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，pe
32、oples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写
33、可以避免套用中的表达失误。 2表示好处 1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading ex
34、tensively is of great benefit to us 3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmfulto us 例： However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion 4表
35、示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every h
36、ome，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age 5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We s
37、hould solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with 例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it 6表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be pr
38、oduced in the worlds communications 3）The computer has brought about（导致） many changes in education 例： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，
39、and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins 7表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards（危害） of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment 8表示比较 1）Compared with A，B
