蔓越莓.ppt

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1、探討蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染 之成效,外科組:趙美珍.陳麗麗.江雪黛. 陳秀鉛.郁文棋.林步鴻,動機目的EBN問題與步驟文獻評讀結論討論,大綱,全院感染率1-6月份以泌尿道感染率為最高:1.68 0/00外科病房的泌尿道感染率有偏高的趨勢 95年1-6月9A病房4.1 0/00醫生常常告訴病人多喝蔓越莓汁醫院製作的衛教單張也衛教病人多喝蔓越莓汁但究竟應喝多少? 有何效果?院內護理之家住民有長期食用蔓越莓汁之情形,why?,動機,目的,經由EBN之實證精神,探索神奇的蔓越莓,透過文獻蒐集與評讀:瞭解蔓越莓功效為何?如何實際地運用在臨床上?,目的,Step 1: 整理出一個可以回答的問題 Step

2、2: 尋找文獻證據 Step 3: 嚴格評讀文獻Step 4: 應用於病人身上 Step 5: 對過程進行稽核,實證五步驟,蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染的成效?,Step 1: 整理出一個可以回答的問題,名詞解釋,蔓越苺:又稱小紅莓,(cranberry,學名Vaccinium macrocarpon) 蔓生植物漿果,正圓球體約1公分大小,呈紅、暗紅色,表面平滑富光澤。 原產地及大面積耕種的地區是北美及加拿大,主要的產季在九月及十月左右。,MoweryDB : The scientific vlidation of herbal Medicine New Canaan Conn :Keats Pub

3、 ,1986:316,2. 泌尿道感染(Urinary Tract Infection) 有症狀的泌尿道感染(Symptomatic) 無症狀菌尿症(Asymptomatic),出處 :http:/www.cdc.gov.tw/file/38694_7029398148院內感染定義.,名詞解釋,有症狀的泌尿道感染,症狀:發燒、急尿、小便困難、恥骨上 壓痛具有尿路感染的症狀任一項且尿液培養-菌落數每毫升大於或等於十萬個 (colony count 105ml),尿液培養之微生物七天內連續兩次相同方式 取得之尿液標本,連續兩次相同,菌落數每 毫升大於或等於十萬個,無症狀的菌尿症,Step 2: 尋

4、找文獻證據,Step 3: 嚴格評讀文獻,研究證據的價值取決於其品質及效度評讀文獻的黃金標準中,以雙盲隨機對照臨床試驗得出的結果為最佳證據等級,The Evidence Pyramid臨床研究證據等級,證據等級,-US Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Classification (AHCPR, 1992,文獻推薦等級,Develop by JBI,文獻評讀,文獻評讀,文獻查證蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染作用機轉,尿液酸化一直被認為是蔓越莓預防尿道感染的主要作用,但是經過許多的研究後證實這只是蔓越莓的作用之一。 蔓越莓汁中分離而得的濃縮單寧酸(c

5、ondensed tannins) ,或稱初花青素(proanthocyanidins),發現其具有特殊的抗黏附活性成份,能抑制大腸桿菌E.coli 的P型纖毛黏附於尿道細胞上。,Lowe ,F.C. (2001),每100g蔓越莓汁成分Water(%). 92.9Solid r(%) . 7.1Calories .27Total carbohydrate (g) 6.8 Sugar (g) . .3.7 Dietary fiber (g).0.1Protein (g) 0.1Fat (g) . 0.1Mineral Sodium(mg).3.8 potassium(mg)85.2 calci

6、um(mg) .6.8 iron(mg) .0.33Vitamin C(mg)2PH2.5,其他的成分還包括:類黃酮(flavonoids) 、前花青素(proanthocyanidins)、兒茶素(catechin),Lowe ,F.C. (2001),Role of Cranberry Juice on Molecular-Scale Surface Characteristics and Adhesion Behavior of Escherichia coli,BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, VOL. 93, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 5, 2

7、006,Yatao Liu, Matthew A. Black, Lizabeth Caron, Terri A. Camesano,文獻查證蔓越莓對預防泌尿道感染作用機轉,RESULT & DISCUSSION,Exposure to cranberry juice resulted in a decrease in the equilibrium length of the p-fimbriae on the surface of E. coliCranberry juice blocks adhesive action of P-fimbriae (proanthocyanidin)Cr

8、anberry juice causes loss of expression of P-fimbriae,年份:1995 篇名:Efficacy of cranberry in prevention of urinary tract infection in a susceptible pediatric population.作者:Foda MM, Middlebrook PF, Gatfield CT, Potvin G, Wells G, Schillinger JF.Can J Urol;2:98-102收案族群:40/21位診所小朋友,有神經性膀胱 並需間歇性導尿(平均9.35歲)

9、,文獻評讀-1,文獻查證相關研究(一),實驗設計 :單盲(醫師)、交叉設計 措施:每天15ml/kg cranberry 雞尾酒汁(成分30),持續6個月cranberry 雞尾酒汁,6個月水 結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 - cranberry:19/112 months(17) - Placebo:20/117 months(17.1) 無症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:27/112 months(24.1) -Placebo:34/117 months(29),AHCPR文獻等級 : II a,年份:1999篇名:Effect of cranberry juice on bact

10、eriuria in children with neurogenic bladder receiving intermittent catheterization. J Pediatr 1999;135:698-702. 作者:Schlager TA, Anderson S, Trudell J, Hendley JO.收案族群:15/15小朋友,有神經性膀胱並需間 歇性導尿(2-18歲),文獻查證相關研究(二),實驗設計 :隨機/Double blind/交叉設計 措施:每天300cc cranberry(成分30),控制組:Placebo controlled(安慰劑)看起來和嚐起來相似

11、的果汁,持續3個月cranberry juice,持續3個月安慰劑結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 - Cranberry:3 times UTI In 2 children -Placebo:3times UTI In 3 children 無症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:120/160 months(75) -Placebo:114/151months(75),AHCPR文獻等級 : I a,年份:2002篇名: randomized trial to evaluate effectiveness and cost effectiveness of naturopathic cran

12、berry products as prophylaxis against urinary tract infection in women. Can J Urol 2002;9:1558-62. 作者:Walker EB, Barney DP, Mickelsen JN, Walton RJ, Mickelsen RA Jr. 收案族群:19/10有性交活動的女性(28-44歲)收案條件: 未懷孕有性交活動的女性(18-45歲) 有過UTI病史,文獻查證相關研究(三),實驗設計:Double blind/交叉設計措施:Cranberry錠劑(400mg)控制組:Placebo (安慰錠劑持續

13、3個月cranberry 錠劑,持續3個月安慰錠劑 )結果:有症狀的上泌尿道感染 -Cranberry:6times UTI -Placebo:15times UTI,AHCPR文獻等級 : II a,年份: 2005 題目: Dose ingestion of cranberry juice reduce symptomatic urinary tract infection In older people in hospital ? 作者: MarionE.T.Mcmurdo, LINDA Y.BISSETT,ROSEMARY J.G.PRICE,GABBY PHILLIPS,LAIN K

14、,CROMBIE,文獻評讀-5,文獻查證相關研究(四),對象:376 在醫院的老年人方法:隨機、雙盲措施:隨機給予300ml/day cranberry juice or matching placebo beverage 結論:no significant differences were found between treatment group,AHCPR文獻等級 : I a,Tero Kontiokari, Kaj Sundqvist, M Nuutinen, T Pokka, M Koskela and M Uhari BMJ2001;322;1571,Randomized tria

15、l of cranberry-lingo berry juice and lactobacillus GG drink for the prevention ofurinary tract infections in women,文獻查證相關研究(五),AHCPR文獻等級 I a,(一),(二)This is a 20% reduction in absolute risk in the cranberry group compared with the control group,P. Di Martino A R. Agniel A K. David A C. TemplerJ. L. G

16、aillard A P. Denys A H. BottoPublished online: 6 January 2006 Springer-Verlag 2006,Reduction of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial bladder cellsafter consumption of cranberry juice,文獻查證相關研究(六),(一),AHCPR文獻等級 :1a,(二)INTRODUCTION,ZafririD,ofek I,Pocino M,Sharon N(1989)inhibitory activity of cr

17、anberry juice on adherence of type 1and type p fimbriated E coli to eukaryotic cells,(三)成份比較,Cranberry juice PlaceboCalories (Kcal) 41.6 42.7Total carbohydrates (g) 10.4 10.7Ascorbic acid (mg) 63 63Total organic acids (g) 1.8 1.6Total phenolics (mg) 179 161Total anthocyanidins (mg) 9.3 42Proanthocya

18、nidins (mg) 40 ND,(四)Result Anti-adherence activity of the cranberry juice: comparisonof the regimens, means for the 20 volunteers and 6 types of E coli strains,(四)Result,No significant differences in the pH or specific gravity between the urine samples collected after cranberry or placebo consumpti

19、on. We observed a dose dependent significant decrease in bacterial adherence associated with cranberry consumption.,Reduction of bacteriuria and pyuria after ingestion of Cranberry juice,Avorn,jerry Md; JAMA,271(1o).March9,1994.751-754,文獻查證相關研究(七),(一),AHCPR文獻等級 :1a,METHOD,Ocean spray cranberry Bacte

20、rial cultureAntibiotic sensitivity外觀顏色(使用糖精)瓶蓋每月收集一 次教導中間尿,Results,Escherichal coli was the most commonly identified organism (43% of isolates), with Klebsiella the second most common single organism (7%); mixed flora accounted for 22% of bacteriuric-pyuric urine samples.,Placebo group,Cranberry gro

21、up,ResultThe difference was not present in the first month,INFECTED URINE SAMPLES%,Result,We did not find evidence that urinary acidification was responsible for the observed effect, since the median pH of urine samples in the cranberry group (6.0) was actually higher than that in the experimental g

22、roup (5.5).,8,Result,Demonstration of the capacity of cranberry beverage to reduce the occurrence of bacteriuria with pyuria in elderly women dose lend credence to the belief that it contains a substance with biologic activity in relation to the urinary tract.,Conclusions,These findings suggest that

23、 use of a cranberry beverage reduces the frequency of bacteriuria with pyuria in older women. Prevalent beliefs about the effects of cranberry juice on the urinary tract may have microbiologic justification. Jama.1994;271;751-754,COMMENT,These finding, if replicated in other settings, would suggest

24、evidence for the bacteriostatic property of cranberry beverage in the bladder. Further studies are needed on the biochemical properties of this substance As an adjunct to antibiotic,in the treatment of this common disorder.,Step 4: 應用於病人身上,現況:院內護理之家住民長期在食用蔓越莓汁食品處方:由營養室設計安排,費用算在伙食費內。使用方法:每天下午由營養室配送蔓越

25、莓原液100g(無糖),護理人員稀釋成200cc,餵食時間為11pm(原因:避免與白天藥物有交叉反應)對象:泌尿道感染的住民一定使用,除糖尿病、腸胃出血、高血鉀、洗腎病人不給,其他住民也一律給。但意識清楚,由口禁食住民多半不喝, 則不強迫。,為何不用錠劑: 因為曾有住民食用後有高血鉀情形。泌尿道感染率:未做研究分析。,經研究證實蔓越莓可以預防泌尿道感染文獻上並無明確建議蔓越莓食用劑量泌尿道感染常在病人無症狀的幾個月後才發生,有些的研究期間較短,較無法看出成果研究中退出的病人數較高(20-55) 可能因病人較無法接受需長期飲用蔓越莓汁, 在小孩身上這是主要原因,結論,蔓越莓汁成本高:長期飲用耗費的成本需考量 (平均每年約需625-1400元美金),蔓越莓的濃 縮物或錠劑也許可以克服。但當病人每年有經歷2次的有症狀泌尿道感染,和抗生素的成本比較起來則有大大的節省。,結論,錠劑好?果汁好?蔓越莓汁到底要喝多少?日後可以努力的方向 1.要長時間追蹤 2.衛教單宜增加使用劑量的說明 3.需註明服用蔓越莓的禁忌,討論,報告完畢敬請指教,

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