1、1原句 难词释义 译文1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.dwellers dwel n.居民，居住者continent kntinnt n.大陆，洲，陆地antelope ntilup n.羚羊；羚羊皮革pronghorn prh:n, pr:- n.叉角羚；糜鹿美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。2. Of the millions who saw Haleys comet in 1986, how many people will
2、 live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century?comet kmit n.彗星 1986 年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.reflect riflekt vt.反映；反省 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行
3、之于色，这在全人类是共通的。4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.irritating iriteiti adj.刺激的；气人的；使愤怒的 phenol fi:nl, fin- n.化 石碳酸，苯酚discontinue ,diskntinju: vt.停止；使中止 vi.停止，中断由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。5. In group to remain in
4、existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.in the long run adv.最后consumersknsju:mn.消费者；用户，顾客desirable dizairbl adj.令人满意的；值得要的任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater t
5、he need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.locality luklti n.所在；位置；地点disposal dispuzl n.处理；支配；清理；安排refuse rifju:z, ri:- n.垃圾；废物 v.拒绝；抵制一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery flauri adj.花的；华丽的；绚丽的；
6、多花的vague vei adj.模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模2flowery but vague expressions that only obscure ones meaning.obscure bskju, b- vt.遮掩；使变暗；使难理解 adj.模糊的；晦涩的；昏暗的糊的表达。8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.m
7、echanize meknaiz vt.使机械化；用机械装置personalize p:snlaiz vt.使个性化；把拟人化interior intiri n.内部；本质 adj.内部的；国内的；本质的随着现代办公室的日益自动化，设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.libel n.以文字损害名誉 v.诽谤,中伤,诬蔑slander sl:nd, sln- vt.诽谤；造谣中伤 n.
8、诽谤诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的，而后者是口头的。10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.knee ni:n.膝盖，膝 vt.用膝盖碰joint dint n.关节；接缝；接合处，接合点；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉 adj.共同的；连接的；联合的，合办的 vt.连接，贴合；接合；使有接头thigh ai n.大腿，股膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, ha
9、ve a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes pound kmpaund, kmpaund vt. /vi.合成；混合；和解；妥协；搀合 n.化合物；混合物 adj.复合的；混合的solution slju:n n.解决方案；溶液；溶解；解答corrosive krusiv adj.腐蚀的；侵蚀性的 n.腐蚀物酸是一种化合物，它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性，并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。12. Billie Holidays r
10、eputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.depth dep n.深度；深奥rest on the oars 停止工作Billie Holiday 作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, conceive knsi:v vt.怀孕；构思；以为；持有 理论在本质上是对认识了3symbolic representation of what
11、 is conceived to be reality.vi.怀孕；设想；考虑 的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.facial cleanser 洗面奶; 洗面乳; 爽肤水facial spasm 面肌痉挛facial recognition 人脸识别儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。15.
12、Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.irrigation ,iriein n.灌溉；冲洗；医冲洗法abundant bndnt adj.丰富的；充裕的；盛产cacti kktai n.植仙人掌（ cactus 的复数形式）sagebrush seidbr n.蒿属植物（产于美国西部）受当代灌溉(技术设施) 之赐，农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。16. The devel
13、opment of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.timepiece taimpi:s n.钟等各种计时器sundial sndail n.日晷，日规；植羽扇豆（产于美国东部）机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的日晷，以便校准机械计时器。17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques t
14、o document observations that can be checked by others.rigorous rirs adj.严格的；严厉的；严密的；严酷的document dkjumnt, dkjument n.公文, 文件 , 文档, 档案, 文献 v.证明check tek vi.核对无误；将军（象棋）；vt.检查；制止；寄存 n.支票；阻止；阻止物人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果，而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which
15、returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.fungi fai n.真菌；菌类；蘑菇（fungus 的复数）ingredient inri:dintdecompose ,di:kmpuz v.分解；腐烂debris deibri: n.碎片, 残骸真菌在腐化过程中十分重要，而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤，提高其肥力，并分解动物粪便。419. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone,
16、retaining its pitch over a long period of time.tune tju:n, tu:n n.曲调；和谐；心情 vt.调整；使一致；为调音 vi.调谐；协调pitch pit vi.倾斜；投掷；搭帐篷；坠落 vt.投；掷；定位于；用沥青涂；扎营；向前倾跌 n.沥青；音高；程度；树脂；倾斜；投掷音叉被敲击时，产生几乎纯质的音调，其音量经久不衰。20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far n
17、orth as Ohio and Illinois.pecan pikn n.美洲山核桃；美洲山核桃树Ohio n.俄亥俄州(美国州名)Illinois n.伊利诺斯州(美国州名)虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.transfer trnsf: n.转让；转移；传递；过户 vi.转让；转移；转学；换车 vt.转让；使转移；传递；调任scapegoat skeiput n.
18、替罪羊用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.climate klaimit n.气候, 风土 , 思潮 一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an events occurring is equal to the probability
19、 that it will not occur.trial trail n.试验；审讯；努力；磨炼 adj.试验的；审讯的在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substances solid is higher than the density of its liquid.substance sbstns n.物质；实质；资产；主旨contract kntrkt, kntrkt vi.收缩；感染；订约 vt.感染；订约；使缩短 n.合同；
20、婚约density densti n.密度大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.mechanism meknizm n.机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。526. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great
21、worldwide influence over art.sculptor sklpt n.雕刻家exert iz:t vt.运用，发挥；施以影响到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doc
22、tor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff. infirmary inf:mri n. 医务室；医院；养老院staff st:f, stf n. 职员；参谋；棒；支撑 adj. 职员的；行政工作的Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性的纽约诊所。29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that
23、he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.deaf def adj. 聋的inventor invent n. 发明家；发明人；创造者Alexander Graham Bell 曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of re
24、membrance.remembrance rimembrns n. 回想，回忆；纪念品；记忆力associate with 与联系采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起。31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.rigid ridid adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的exhibit izibit vt. 展览；显示；提出（证据等）n. 展览品；
25、证据；展示会 vi. 展出；开展览会elasticity ,elstisti n. 弹性；弹力；灵活性skeleton skelitn n. 骨架，骨骼；纲要；骨瘦如柴的人adj. 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的；概略的骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。632. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.xenon zenn, zi:- n. 化氙（稀有气体元素）compound kmpaund, kmpaund vt. /vi. 合成；混合；和解妥协；搀合 n
26、. 化合物；混合物；复合词 adj. 复合的；混合的科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.dynamic dainmik adj. 动态的；动力的；动力学的；有活力的 n. 动态；动力minimize minimaiz vt. 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化loss ls,
27、 l:s n. 减少；亏损；失败；遗失对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.elimination i,liminein n. 消除；淘汰；除去loan lun n. 贷款；借款 vi. 借出vt. 借；借给消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。35. Fu
28、turism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.futurism fju:trizm n. 未来主义；未来派reject ridekt vt. 拒绝；排斥；抵制；丢弃 n. 被弃之物或人；次品glorify l:rifai vt. 赞美；美化；崇拜（神） ；使更壮丽contemporary kntemprri n. 同时代的人；同时
29、期的东西 adj. 当代的；同时代的；属于同一时期的未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.inaccessible ,inksesbl adj. 难达到的；难接近的；难见到的abundant bndnt adj. 丰富的；充裕的；盛产Everglades 是美国境内最为荒凉
30、和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律) 保护。37. Lucretia Motts influence was so significant that she has been credited by significant signifiknt adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的 n. 象征；有意义的事物Lucretia Motts 的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她7some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.feminism feminizm n.
31、女权主义；女权运动；男女平等主义as the originator of 为创始人为美国女权运动的创始人。38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.frequently fri:kwntli adv. 频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次the domestic markete 国内市场国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。39. The continental divide refer
32、s to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.continental ,kntinentl adj. 大陆的；大陆性的 n. 欧洲人imaginary imdinri adj. 虚构的，假想的；想像的；虚数的大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。40. Studies of the gravity field o
33、f the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.gravity rviti n. 重力，地心引力；严重性；庄严crust krst n. 外壳；面包皮；坚硬外皮 vi. 结硬皮；结成外壳 vt. 盖以硬皮；在上结硬皮yield ji:ld vt. 屈服；出产；放弃 vi. 屈服，投降 n. 产量；收益对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。41. The annual worth of Utahs manufacturing is grea
34、ter than that of its mining and farming combined.annual njul adj. 年度的；每年的 n. 年刊，年鉴；一年生植物mining maini n. 矿业；采矿尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.stem stem n. 干；茎；船首；血统vt. 阻止；除去的茎；给装柄vi. 阻止；起源于某事物；逆行stony
35、stuni adj. 无情的；多石的；石头的so called 之所以叫cliff klif n. 悬崖；绝壁墙花之所以叫墙花，是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长，以便有所依附。43. It is the interaction between people, rather interaction ,intrkn n. 相互作用；交互作用 社会心理学的主要焦点是8than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.psychology psaikldi n. 心理学
36、；心理状态rather than 而不是人与人之间的交往，而不是他们各自生活中的事件。44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.crusade kru:seidn. 改革运动；十字军东侵 vi. 加入十字军；从事改革运动expansion ikspnn n. 膨胀；阐述；扩张物facility fsiliti n. 设施；设备；容易；灵巧给美国的新
37、移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了 Elizabeth Williams 的热情。45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.disturb dist:b vt. 打扰；妨碍；使不安；弄乱；使恼怒vi. 打扰；妨碍spring spri n. 春天；弹簧；泉水；活力；跳跃 adj. 春天的 vi. 生长；涌出；跃出；裂开 vt. 使跳起；使爆炸；突然提出；
38、使弹开flight flait n. 飞行；班机；逃走 vt. 射击；使惊飞 vi. 迁徙典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀，凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起，飞离它们的躲藏地。46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.anthropologist ,nrpldist n. 人类学家；人类学者upright prait, ,p
39、r- adj. 正直的，诚实的；垂直的，直立的；笔直的；合乎正道的 n. 垂直；竖立slope slup n. 斜坡；倾斜；斜率；扛枪姿势 vi. 倾斜；逃走 vt. 倾斜；使倾斜；扛protrude prutru:d vt. 使突出，使伸出 vi. 突出，伸出chimpanzee ,timpnzi: n. 动黑猩猩根据人类学家的说法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似，额头后倾，眉毛突出。47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.transatlantic ,trnztlnti
40、k, ,trns-, ,tr:n-adj. 大西洋彼岸的，横渡大西洋的；美国的not until 直到cable keibl n. 电缆；海底电报 vt. 打电报 vi. 打海底电报直到 1866 年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。948. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.barrenness n. 不孕症；不育症；荒芜spiritual bar
41、renness 精神贫困John Crowe Ransom 在他的著作中描述了他认为是由科学技术给社会带来的精神贫困。49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.consistent knsistntadj. 始终如一的，一致的；坚持的rational rnl adj. 合理的；理性的 n. 有理数incline inklain vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于 vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于
42、n. 倾斜；斜面；斜坡父母的教导如果坚定，始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.cultivate kltiveit vt. 培养；陶冶；耕作critical kritikl adj. 鉴定的；临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的北美远古的 Hope
43、well 人很可能种植了玉米和其他农作物，但打猎和采集对他们的经济贸易仍是至关重要的。51. Using many symbols makes it possible to put a large amount of information on a single map.a large amount of 大量的symbol simbl n. 象征；符号；标志使用多种多样的符号可以在一张地图里放进大量的信息。52. Anarchism is a term describing a cluster of doctrines and attitudes whose principal uniti
44、ng feature is the belief that government is both harmful and unnecessary.cluster klst n. 群；簇；丛；串 vi. 群聚；丛生 vt. 使聚集；聚集在某人的周围doctrine dktrin n. 主义；学说；教义；信条principal prinspl n. 校长；委托人，当事人；资本；主犯 adj. 首要的；最重要的无政府主义这个词描述的是一堆理论和态度，它们的主要共同点在于相信政府是有害的，没有必要的。53. Probably no man had more effect on the daily li
45、ves of most people in the Untied States than did Henry Ford a pioneer in automobile production.have effect on 对影响pioneer ,paini n. 先锋；拓荒者vt. 开辟；倡导；提倡 vi. 作先驱恐怕没有谁对大多数美国人的日常生活影响能超过汽车生产的先驱亨利.福特。1054. The use of well-chosen nonsense words makes possible the testing of many basic hypotheses in the field
46、 of language learning.nonsense nnsns n. 胡说；废话 adj. 荒谬的 int. 胡说！hypotheses haipisi:zn. 假定；臆测（hypothesis 的复数）使用精心挑选的无意义词汇，可以检验语言学科里许多基本的假定。55. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with the very first pictures ever made.fascinating fsineiti adj. 迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的
47、v. 使着迷；使陶醉（fascinate 的 ing 形式）chain tein n. 链；束缚；枷锁vt. 束缚；囚禁；用铁练锁住优化历史是由一连串的迷人事件组成，其源头大概可以上溯到最早的图画。56. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, bring a far higher price than the same pearls told individually.pearl p:l n. 珍珠；珍珠色；杰出者；珍品 adj. 镶珍珠的；珍珠状的 vi. 采珍珠；成珍珠状 vt. 使成珠状；用珍珠装饰；使呈珍珠色string s
48、tr v. 捆扎，系上；收紧（过去式和过去分词strung）strung into 串成相互般配的珍珠，串成一条项链，就能卖到比单独售出好得多的价钱。57. During the eighteenth century, Little Turtle was chief of the Miami tribe whose territory became what is now Indiana and Ohio.tribe traib n. 部落；生族；宗族；一伙territory teritri n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图十八世纪时， “小乌龟” 是迈阿密部落的酋长，该部落的地盘就是今天的印第安那州和
