1、第 1 页（共 29 页） Passage 1（2016全国新课标C）Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books the
2、y own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCros
3、sing, says, The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a boo
4、k can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is
5、 part of a trend among people who want to get back to the real and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.1Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.
6、C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.2What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The book. B.An adventure.C.A public place. D.The identification number.3What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?第 2 页（共 29 页） A.Meet other rea
7、ders to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.4What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading: A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books: A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through BooksPassage 2 （2016北京
8、 C）California Condors Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big bi
9、rds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off. As th
10、ey go in to rest for the night, they just dont see the power lines, says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training
11、areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bod
12、ies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce 第 3 页（共 29 页） baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with ca
13、lcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California condorsaverage survival time in the wild is now just under eight
14、years. Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now, he says. They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.1California condors attract researchersinterest because they _.A.are active at nightB.had to be bred in the wildC.are found onl
15、y in CaliforniaD.almost died out in the 1980s2Researchers have found electrical lines are_.A.blocking condorsjourney homeB.big killers of California condorsC.rest places for condors at nightD.used to keep condors away3According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning_.A.makes condors too nervous to flyB.has
16、little effect on condorskidneysC.can hardly be gotten rid of from condorsbloodD.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds4This passage shows that_.A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condor
17、s have brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problemPassage 3 （2016天津 C）When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, 第 4 页（共 29 页） carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adul
18、thood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had wo
19、rked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society, said George Vaillant, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery. And because they felt good abou
20、t themselves, others felt good about them.Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework,
21、 effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely
22、 to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confi
23、dence and competence the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said, One can live magnificently in this world
24、 if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.1What do we know about John?A.He enjoyed his career and marriage.B.He had few childhood playmates.C.He received little love from his family.D.He was envied by others in his childhood.2Vaillants words in
25、 Paragraph 2 serve as_.A.a description of personal values and social valuesB.an analysis of how work was related to competenceC.an example for parentsexpectations of their children第 5 页（共 29 页） D.an explanation why some boys grew into happy men3Vaillants team obtained their findings by_.A.recording
26、the boyseffort in schoolB.evaluating the mens mental healthC.comparing different sets of scoresD.measuring the mens problem solving ability4What does the underlined word sharp probably mean in Paragraph 4?A.Quick to react. B.Having a thin edge.C.Clear and definite. D.Sudden and rapid.5What can be in
27、ferred from the last paragraph?A.Competent adults know more about love than work.B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.C.Love brings more joy to people than work does.D.Independence is the key to ones success.Passage 4 （2016浙江 C）A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-mont
28、h-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common.After all, the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world,and the baby is, well, just playing.right? Perhaps, but some developmental psychologists (心理学家)have argued that this play is m
29、ore like a scientific investigation than one might think.Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table.Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge,it falls to the ground and, in the process, it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact(相互作用):bowls of rice d
30、o not float in mid-air, but require support to remain stable. It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. Instead, babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge
31、to learn even more about how objects interact. Though their ranges and tools differ, the babys investigation and the scientists experiment appear to share the same aim (to learn about the natural world), overall approach (gathering direct evidence from the world), and logic (are my observations what
32、 I expected?).Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language using similar means. For example, it may only 第 6 页（共 29 页） be through repeated experiments, evidence gathering,and
33、finally overturning a theory, that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has, for example, unlike the child, Mommy actually doesnt like Dove chocolate.Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on
34、how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world is simply something that comes from our b
35、abyhood. Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may ha
36、ve been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.1According to some developmental psychologists, _.A.a babys play is nothing more than a gameB.scientific research into babiesgames is possibleC.the na
37、ture of babiesplay has been thoroughly investigatedD.a babys play is somehow similar to a scientists experiment2We learn from Paragraph 2 that_.A.scientists and babies seem to observe the world differentlyB.scientists and babies often interact with each otherC.babies are born with the knowledge of o
38、bject supportD.babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do3Children may learn the rules of language by_.A.exploring the physical worldB.investigating human psychologyC.repeating their own experimentsD.observing their parentsbehaviors4What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A.The world
39、may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B.Studying babiesplay may lead to a better understanding of science.第 7 页（共 29 页） C.Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D.Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.5What is the authors to
40、ne when he discusses the connection between scientistsresearch and babiesplay?A.Convincing . B.Confused.C.Confident. D.Cautious.Passage 5 （2016浙江 C）Chimps (黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social bei
41、ngs, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp
42、is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at random he just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand
43、, are naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18
44、 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young ag
45、e before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when compared with
46、 chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimpsdont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this abili
47、ty is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a we, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A.Chimps seldom care about othersinterests.第 8 页（共 29 页） B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C.Chimps like to take in their neighborsfood.D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.2Michael Tomasello s tests on young children indicate that they _.A.have
