1、状语从句种 类从属连词 例 句 说 明When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.We shall go there whenever we are free.when 指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever 指的是 “在任何时间 ”I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. when 意为“
2、这时”或“ 在那个时候 ”,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，另一动作同时发生。这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句末。常用句型：be about to do when, be doing when, had done when, be on ones way when, be on the point of doing whenwhenHe usually walks when he might ride.They had only three tables when they needed five.How can you hope for mercy yourself when you s
3、how none? 尽管，虽然，既然，鉴于，如果While it was raining, they went out.I stayed while he was away.while 指“在某一段时间里” ， “在期间”，while 引导的动作必须是持续性的I like watching TV while he likes reading. while 做并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”While I understand your point of view, I dont share it.While 引导让步状语从句，相当于 although，但一般位于主句之前。whileWhile t
4、here is life, there is hope. While 引导条件状语从句，相当于 as/so long as,翻译成“只要”He hurried home, looking behind as he went. as 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时间状从as As I get older, I get more optimistic. 两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思，表时间的推移。He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 一边一边As he was going out, it began to rain.
5、强调两个动作紧接着发生。As a boy(When he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.as+名词，相当于时间状语从句A.Be a pupil before you become a teacher.BWe waited a long time before he came out.We hadnt waited long before he came out.CHe died before he wrote a will.Dhe sun had set before we knew it.Leave me before I changed my m
6、ind.Id die before I apologized to them.Get out before I call the police.往往表示主句的动作先于从句的动作发生， “在之前” ，A.“ 才” （强调主句所表达的时间、举例很长或花费的力气很大。 ）B.“就” （强调主句所表达的时间、举例短或花费的力气很大。 ）C “还没有” “免得” “不知不觉 ”“宁可、宁愿” “否则，要不然”beforeIt will be five years before he returns to his homeland. It wont be long before we meet again
7、.It+（not）be+some time+before 从句。肯定句中， “多长时间之后才” ；否定句中， “用不了多长时间就”after He arrived after the game started.We waited till (until)he came back . 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”until/till She didnt stop working until eleven oclock .Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才”“在以前
8、不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用 untilGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。sinceMr. Li has been here since he came back.I have written home but once since I came here.since 后是非延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作发生时算起。He has wri
9、tten to me frequently since he was ill. since 后是延续性动词的过去式，则时间的起点应从该动作结束时算起。It is (has been) a long time since I smoked.It has been two years since I began to smoke. It + be+ some time+since 短语或从句，如果从句中谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“做某事已有多长时间” ；如果是延续性动词，意为“不做某事已有多长时间” 。需要注意主句与从句时态的一致性。一就 Hardly had we begun when we
10、were told to stop.I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.hardlywhen 和 no soonerthan 的意义相当于 as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。Every time I travell
11、ed by boat, I got seasick.The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.Next time you come ,youll see him.有些名词或副词可以起连词的作用。如：the minute, the moment, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, the last time, each time, all the time, by the time, immediately, instantly
12、, directly, as soon as, once 等。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。一就On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested.一On his arrival in Paris, he was recognised as a oble and thrown into prison.on doing sth.或 on ones +名词地点状从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.Where there is water
13、 there is life.You are free to go wherever you like.Wherever you go, you must obey the law.where 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。where 表示特定的地点，wherever 表示非特定的地点。because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强not becausebut because 不是因为 而是因为partly because 部分是因为beca
14、use because of since Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting since 表示既然或全已知的理由 ,稍 加 分 析 即可表明的原因,多放句首for He must be ill, for he is absent today. 不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。as As he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary.As 语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常
15、用于口语中。原因状从now that, seeing that, considering that，in thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.Now(that) everybody is here, lets begin.seeing (that), now that, considering that 和 since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省去
16、 in that 中 that 不能省略。 now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论，位于句首时，that 可以省略。thatso thatin order that=to the end that lest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.They worked harder than usual in order that they coul
17、d finish the work ahead of time .Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号目的状从in case Take your raincoat in case it rainsHe left early in case he (should) miss the last train. In case “以防”后面的从句可以使用
18、一般现在时表示将来，或使用一般过去时表示过去将来，还可以和其他的目的状语从句一样，有一个表推定性的情态动词，in case 从句可使用 should，但 should 也可以省略。so thatsothatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句sothat 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词结果状从 suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was
19、excused.It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.suchthat 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat 还可以转换用 sothat，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asonceDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.We s
20、hall go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.In case I forget, please remind me about it So far as I know, the book will be published next month.unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和 ifnot 同义，unless 是书面语，ifnot 是口语，通常二者可以换用条
21、件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时suppose/supposing (that)假定provided/providing (that) ;on condition (that) 在条件下，以为条件Suppose/Supposing it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? Ill go provided/providing the children can come with me.Ill allow you to go swimming on condition that you dont go too far fr
22、om the bank.方 as Draw a cat as I taught you 此处 as 译为：按照或正如as ifas thoughDo as you are told.She looks as if she is ill.He acted as if (though) nothing had happenedThey treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.as if 或 as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气as it is/was I thought co
23、nditions would get better, but as it is they are getting worse.Leave it as it is. 用于句首时，用来陈述真实的情况，可以翻译为“事实上，实际情况是” ；用于句末时，常表示“按原来的样子，照现在的样子” ，若前面的名词委复数，则应改为 as they are/were。式状从as it were He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.The sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain.用作插入语，表示“仿佛，好像，可以说是
24、” ，不能改为as it is (was)althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.在句子中一般用了“虽然” 就不能再用“ 但是”（but）但可以与 yet 或 still 连用。though / although 意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if, even though Ill go even if (thou
25、gh) it rains tomorrow. even if 和 even though 的意思为“ 即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中asChild as he is , he knows a lot .Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。让步状从no matter (whether, who, what when, where, which, how
26、)Do it no matter what others say.No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.no matter与 who-ever 引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may hap
27、pen , we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.短语“尽管”In spite of/Despite the fact that he is sometimes selfish, we have to depend on himSome people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.for all (that), in spite of the fact, despite the fact that, regardless of (of the fact)等
28、。or Right or wrong, this is my temper.East or west, home is best. or 连接的两个意义相反的词语，在句中也表让步。asas ,not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).His book is the same as mine.Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 asas 否定句可用not asas
29、或 not soasthanShe has made greater progress this year than she did last year.He bought fewer books than I (did).比较状从the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.The sooner, the better.The warmer, the better.the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个 the 都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面
