1、2017 高考英语重点语法 ： 高考英语常考语法总结 形容词和副词 形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一 ，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析 ;原级、比较级、最高级的使用 ;倍数的表 达方法 ;比较等级的修饰语 ;多个形容词的排列顺序 ;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。 关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面： 1. 考查形容词和副词的基本用法 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。 2. 考查形容词作定语的后置规律 形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置： 形容词短语作定语时 ; 表语形容词作定语时 ; 修
2、饰复合不定代词时。 3. 考查多个形容词作定语的排序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是： (限定词 +程度副词 +) 描绘 +大小 (长短、高低 )+形状 +年龄 (新旧 )+颜色 +国籍或产地 +物质材料 +类别或用途 +名词。 4. 考查副词在句中的 位置规律 副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但 enough 却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。 5. 考查 ed 形容词和 -ing 形容词的区别 -ed 形容词，通常说明人，意为 “( 某人 )感到 ”; -ing 形容词通常说明事物，意为 “( 某事物 )令人 ” 或 “ 令人 的 (事物 )” 。 6. 考查两种
3、不同形式的副词的用法差异 即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加 ly 构成的副词的区别。 7. 考查形容词和副词的比较等级。 8. 考查比较等级的修饰语 。 考点 1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义 从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。 经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有 (按频度排列 )： even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; ei
4、ther; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising 还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentiv ely; bad; badly; besides; better; but; caref
5、ul; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invis
6、ible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; shor t; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va
7、-rious; weak; well 考点 2：考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语 【备考清单】 1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围 比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法： as + 原级 adj. / adv. + as 表示 “ 和 一样 ” 及 not as / so + 原级 adj. / adv. + as 表示 “ 不如 ” 。例如： (94 全国 ) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David. The piano in the other shop will
8、be cheaper, but not as good. as + 原级 adj. + a(n) + n. + as 表示 “ 跟 一样 ” 。例如： (2001 全国 ) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. (2003 北京 ) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours. 比较级 + than 表 “ 比 更 ” 及 less . than 表示 “ 不如 ” 。例如： This year they have produced less g
9、rain than they did last year. This road is wider than that one. the + 比较级， the + 比较级表示 “ 越 ，就越 ” 。例如： (93 上海 ) Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get. the +比较级 + of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中 “ 较 的 ” 。例如： Who is the younger of the two boys? 比较级 + 比较级 (越来越 ) 。 _ 例如： Our country is
10、 getting stronger and stronger. Things became worse and worse from then on. 用 the last 表示 “ 最不可能的 ” 、 “ 最不适合的 ” 、 “ 最不希望的 ” 等。例如 : The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。 He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。 2) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如： (2004 广东 ) Somet
11、imes it was a bit boring to work the re because there wasnt always that much to do. (那样多 ) I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong. quite possible / impossible My hometown is much changed. much to my surprise(很让我吃惊 ) be well worth doing (很值得做 ) 比较级前常可用 still, even, much, far, a lot / littl
12、e / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no 等词修饰。 (注意 more 不用于修饰比较级 )。例如： (94 全国 ) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time. (2000 上海 ) Youre standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther? This is by far the better. 最高级可用序数词、 much、 by far、 nearly、
13、 almost 等词修饰。例如： Afri ca is the second largest continent. The Pacific is by far the largest ocean. I like this film the very best / much the best. 考点 3： 形容词作表语，形容词、副词作后置定语 【备考清单】 1) 形容词用于系动词后作表语 在最近几年高考试题中系动词加形容词作表语的情况出现过很多次。高考对此点的考查集中于区别到底是系动词还是一般动词并选择合适的形容词，而不是副词作表语。常见的联系动词有如下三类： 表示感觉的系动词： sound,
14、look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem 等 表示变化的系动词： become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go 等 表示状态存在的系动词： remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand 等。 2) 形容词、副词作后置定语 【备考清单】 常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有： 形容词修饰 something, nothing, anything, everything 等不定代词时要后置。 present 作 “ 出席的 ” 时只作后置定语。 表语形容词如 alive, a
15、sleep, awake, alone 等只能作后置定语。 副词修饰动词时 , 放在动词之后 。修饰形容词或副词时 , 放在被修饰词之前。enough 修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用 and 或 or 连接的形容词作定语时要后置 , 起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序 , “so, as, how, too + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 ” 。 考点 4： 倍数表达法 【备考清单】 三种常见倍数表达法： 1) 倍数 + as + 原级形容词 + a s .。例如： This road is three ti
16、mes as long as that one. 2) 倍数 + the size / length / width / depth / height of .。例如： The river is five times the width of that one. 3) 倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。例如： The sun is a million times larger than the earth. 考点 5： 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组 【备考清单】 1) 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题 多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律： 如果两个以上的
17、形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词 ;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。例如： a small wonderful gift 常用的顺序为： 限定词 +描绘性形容词 (beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词 +(large, long, high)+新旧 (old)+颜色 (red)+产地 (Chinese)+材料 (wood)+用途 (writing)+被修饰名词 (desk) 记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如： all these last few days 最近的这些日子 some
18、 beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花 a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙 a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车 其中限定词的排列顺序为： all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词 + 冠词 / 指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基数词 / 序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / mo
19、re，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、用途、类别等。 尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆： 所有这些词， 顺序往后数 ; 美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。 上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于 all (所有 ) these (这些 ) last (顺序 ) few (数量 ) days 短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限 定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French woo
20、d reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是 “ 抓两头 ” ，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如产地、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。 考点 6： 考查形容词与副词区别 , 易混词带有 -ly 的形容词、副词及复合形容词 【备考清单】 1) 注意如下有无 -ly 的形容词和副词的意义区别： wide / high / deep(具体的意义 )宽 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply(抽象意义 )广泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地 most 十分、
21、非常 / 最多 (大 )的 mostly 主要地、绝大多数地、多半 close 靠近地 closely 密切地、仔细地 late 迟的，迟到的 lately 最近、近来 direct 直接 (主要用于谈论路程和时间 ,和 straight 意思相同 ) directly 直率地、立即 2) 注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词，其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。例如： He wrote a two-thousand-word report. His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man. 3) “名词 + ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副
22、词。 这类形容词有 friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily 等 4) 有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。 例如 : He got up late, so he was late for school again. Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end. This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.
23、【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best 2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 3. The plane flew smoothly _ in the sky and people
24、spoke _ of the experienced pilot. A. high;high B. highly;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high 4. What do you think of the concert? Oh, it was_success. A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really 5. I havent seen_ this since I collected stamps. A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp as C. stamp as old as D
25、. as an old stamp a 6.The task is too much for me, so I cant carry on _any longer. I must get some help. A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely 7. Have your working conditions improved? -No, _than before, Im afraid. A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse 8. To their great relief, the mis
26、sing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks. A.felt tired and sound B.tiring and soundly C.feeling tired but soundly D.tired but sound 9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go_, you know. A.hand in hand B.step by step C.from time ti time D.one zfter another 10. How are
27、you getting on with your classates? _. Ive got to know them all. A. Far better B.Much pleased C.Very comfortable D.Very good 11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language. A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially 12. It is generally believed that teac
28、hing is _it is a science. A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much as D.as much an art as 13. It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 14. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. A. la
29、rge German white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 15. This _girl is Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 16. Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. A. larger
30、B. a larger C. the larger D. a large 17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to _one before. A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 18.Are you going to have a holiday this year? Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. A. off B. out C.
31、 behind D. over 19. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _ A. between B. through C. across D. beyond 20. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _heard of her. A. even B. ever C. just D. never 21. (2008 年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考 (一 )，英语，33)You dont g
32、o to that supermarket quite often, do you? No, I only go there _ because its too far away from my house. A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. frequently 22. (2008 年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考 (二 )，英语， 3)My daughter cares more for new clothes than anything else in the world, so she is very _ about w
33、hat she wears. A. special B. strict C. especial D. particular 23.(2009 年东北三省三校第一次联合模拟考试英语试题，英语， 24)Well, thats just the deal. _ price will be out of my reach. A. The higher B. A higher C. The highest D. A highest 24. (唐山市 20082009 学年度高三年级第一次模拟考试，英语， 20)Much to my surprise, the eight-year-old boy fix
34、ed my computer within ten minutes. A.skillfully B.immediately C.normally D.nervously 25.(银川一中 2009 届高三年级第一次模拟考试，英语， 33)Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine _ invented. A. ever B. already C. even D. nowadays 26.(2008 学年绍兴一中第一次高考模拟试卷，英语， 36)It is _ to spend money in preve
35、nting illnesses by promoting healthy living rather than spending it trying to make people _ after they are ill. A. good; good B. well; better C. better; better D. better; good 27.(20082009 学年度南昌市高三第一次模拟测试卷，英语， 31)The increase of the number of the students makes the limited computers not _ to each st
36、udent. A.available B.affordable C.helpful D.acceptable 28. (湖北省黄冈中学 2009 届高三第一次模拟考试，英语， 28)Food safety is _ important, so the government spares no efforts to prevent food pollution. A.strongly B. reasonably C.highly D. naturally 39.(四川省资阳市 2009 届高三上学期第一次模拟考试 , 英语， 8)10,000 dollars is a large sum of
37、money， but it is still _than we need for a new house A.very few B.very little C.far fewer D.far less 30. (山东省莒南一中 20082009学年度高三第一学期学业水平阶段性测评，英语 ,22) Wouldnt it be for you to pick me up at four oclock and take me to the airport. A.free B.vacant C.handy D.convenient 答案与解析 1. 【解析】 A 容易误选 D，认为最高级前要用定冠词。
38、其实此题最佳答案为 A，该句可视为 I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略，全句句意为 “她唱得多好啊 !我从未听过她这么好的声音 ”。 2. 【解析】 C 此题首先不宜选 B 或 D，因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known和 best known，有时也可以是 more well known 和 most well known，但通常不能是 more known 和 most known。至于是选 A 还是 C，这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故
39、应选比较级。 3. 【解析】 C high in the sky 是个形容词短语，意为 “高高地在天上 ”。同时，speak highly of 是个词组，表示 “高度赞扬 ”的意思。 4. 【解析】 B quite a , quite some 用以指人或物不寻常 ，如 We had quite a party.(我们的聚会不一般。 )It must be quite some car.(那辆车可不比寻常。 ) 5. 【解析】 A 表示 “象这么旧的邮票 ”可用以 下形式表达： as old a stamp as this; a stamp as old as this; 否定句中前一个 a
40、s 可用 so。 6.【解析】 C 句意：这项任务对我来说太重了，我再也不能单独自己做了，我必须找个助手。 Singly 各自的，一个一个地 ;simply 简单的，仅仅，只不过 ;alone独立，单独 ;lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。 7. 【解析】 A 你们的工作条件改善了吗 ?-没有，和以前一样 (不好 )。 no+比较级 + than 表示 “两者同样不 的意思 ”。 8. 【解析】 D 句意：使他们宽慰的是，丢失的孩子两周后又重返家园，虽然很疲惫但很健康。形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，不表示动作的方式。 9. 【解析】 A 句意：我们必须保持室内卫生，你知道脏乱与疾病是分不开的。 hand in hand-happenning together and closely connected 密切相关的，同时 发生的。本句还可说成： Dirt goes hand in hand with disease.
