1、中国高血压防治全面指导理念中国高血压防治全面指导理念(the interpretation of china,s hypertension guide包头医学院第二附属医院包头医学院第二附属医院 孙刚孙刚 一 . 我国高血压人群的流行情况 (The prevalence of hypertension in China)我国人群高血压患病率及其变化趋势 ,2002年调查统计成人高血压患病率是 18.8%; 高血压的患病率一直呈上升趋势 ,到目前为止估计全国现有高血压患者达 2亿。 Prevalence of hypertension in China and its trend ,in 200
2、2 ,a survey of adult prevalence rate of hypertension was 18.8%, hypertension prevalence rate has been rising, the whole country so far is estimated that over 200 million patients with hypertension.2 我国人群高血压流行的特点(The feature of prevalence of china,s hypertension)防治任务艰巨,公众意识差。存在三高、三低及三个误区。三高: 患病率高 、死亡
3、率高、致残率高。三低:知晓率低、服药率低、控制率低。三个误区:不愿意服药、 无症状不服药、不按病 情科学服药4.002.001.000.50110 120 130 140 150 160 170相对危险收 缩压 水平 ( mmHg)0.258.003.1 高血压与冠心病hypertension and coronary heart disease 4.002.001.000.50110 120相对危险收 缩压 水平 ( mmHg)0.258.00130 140 150 1603.2高血压与脑卒中hypertension and stoke 3.3.成人收缩压的分布成人收缩压的分布 (WHO)
4、The distribution of adult systolic blood pressure% 人人群群收缩压收缩压 (mmHg)60 14012080 100 240160 180 200 220理想分布理想分布 Ideal distribution防治重点是占人群防治重点是占人群 25%的高危患者的高危患者目前分布目前分布 Current distribution 4、高血压的诊断及评估、高血压的诊断及评估The diagnosis and assessment of hypertension 确定血压水平及其它心血管病危险因素 明确有无继发性高血压 寻找靶器官损害以及相关临床情况
5、评价高血压并存的危险程度 Determine the level of blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk factors Clear whether the secondary hypertension Search for target organ damage and associated clinical conditions Evaluation of the coexistence of hypertension risk通过患者的病史、家族史、体格检查和实验室检查及其它辅助检查对患者作出一个明确诊断,并除外继发
6、性高血压,继而进行危险分层的全面评估,最后建立个体化的治疗方案。Through the patients medical history, family history, physical examination and laboratory tests and other examinations for patients to make a clear diagnosis, and excluding secondary hypertension, and then conduct a comprehensive assessment of risk stratification, and
7、 finally the establishment of individualized treatment.影响预后的因素影响预后的因素 Prognostic factors ( 1)相关的危险因素)相关的危险因素 Risk factors associated q 收缩压和舒张压水平 (13级 ) q 男性 55岁,女性 65岁q 吸烟 smoking q 血脂异常 ( TC 5.7mmol/L或 LDL-C3.3mmol/L或 HDL-C1.0mmol/L)q 早发心血管病家族史 一级亲属发病年龄 50岁q 腹型肥胖或肥胖 Abdominal obesity or obesity腰围男性
8、 85cm,女性 80cm, BMI 28KG/M2q C反应蛋白 1mg/dl C-reactive protein 1mg/dl( 2)靶器官损害情况)靶器官损害情况Situation of target organ damage q 左心室肥厚 left ventricular hypertrophyq (心电图、超声心动图或 X线 )q 动脉壁增厚 Artery wall thickening 超声颈动脉 Ultrasound carotid artery IMT 0.9mm超声或 X线有动脉粥样硬化斑块证据Ultrasound or X ray with evidence of atherosclerotic plaqueq 蛋白尿和 /或血清肌酐轻度升高q Proteinuria and / or slightly elevated serum creatinine 尿蛋白: 30-300mg/24h肌 酐:男性 115133 umol/L ;女性 107 124umol/L(1.22.0mg/dl)