1、 高考对宾语补足语和主语补足语的考查 河南 昝亚娟 在英语中，对宾语起补充说明作用的句子成分被称为宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词 和名词性从句等充当。当句中含有宾语补足语时，如果宾语过 长，通常用 it 作 形式宾语 ，而把真正的宾语放在句末 。如果把含有宾语补足语的结构变为被动句，原来的宾语补足语即变为主语补足语。现就近年高考试题对这个知识点的考查规律分析如下： 一、考查 不同 的形式作 宾语 补足 语或主语补足语 考例 1 They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. （ 09
2、 全国 II 卷） A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 解析：如果宾语补足语是宾语发出的动作，通常用 现在分词作宾语补足语。 短语 keep sth./sb doing 表示 “ 使某事 /某人做某事 ”，最佳答案为 D。 注意： 除感官动词之外，还有 其它 一些动词 ， 如 catch, have, leave, send, get, set 等多用现在 分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语发出的正在进行的动作。 考例 2 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against
3、 the laws get parents . (04 重庆 ) A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry 解析：描述宾语的情绪或状态，通常形容词、副词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。选项 A为形容词 worried 作宾 语补足语，最佳答案为 A。 考例 3 Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.（ 07 福建） A. improved B. improving C. to improve D.
4、 improve 解析：如果宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑的动宾关系，即宾语为动作的承受者，通常用过去分词作宾语补足语。题干为 have sth done 结构，因此 用过去分词 improved 作宾语补 足语，最佳答案为 A。 考例 4 The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004 上海卷 ) A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 解析：在 be
5、 considered/believed/known/reported/said/supposed/thought to be/to be done等结构中，常用动词不定式作主语补足语。如果主语是动词不定式动作的发出者，用动词不定式的一般式；如果主语是动词不定式动作的承受者，用动词不定式的被动式。题意为：“流感被认为是由病毒引起的。”因含被动之意，故用动词不定式的被动式作主语补足语，最佳答案为 C。 考例 5 AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past fe
6、w years. (06 湖北卷 ) A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been 解析：在 be considered/believed/known/reported/said/supposed/thought to have done/to have been done 等结构中，常用动词不定式的完成式或动词不定 式的完成被动式作主语补足语，表示动词不定式的动作早于谓语动词发生。句意为：“据说，在过去的几年中，爱滋病一直威胁那个地区的人们的健康”，由于题干中带有时间状语 over the past few years，
7、宜用动词不定式的完成式，最佳答案为 D。 2 考例 6 My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills. (04 北京 ) A. for me to take B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 解析：在动词 tell, order, ask, want, like, intend, wish, get, advise, encourage, remind, expect, request, persuade, force, beg, allow, per
8、mit, prefer, intend, instruct, warn, cause 等后面必须跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，最佳答案为 D。 考例 7 The mother felt herself _ cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.（ 06 上海 ） A. grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 解析：在感官动词如 see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, observe, watch, smell tast
9、e和使役动词 let, make 和 have 之后通常用不带 to 的动词 不定式作宾语补足语。表示 由 宾语发出的动作。句意为：当妈妈 开始 读 来自前线的那封 信时，她感到自己浑身发凉。最佳答案为 A。 二、考查 用代词 it 作形式宾语 考例 8 As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. (06 湖南 ) A. this B. that C. one D. it 解析：题干中的真 宾语为动词不定式短语 to l
10、ook after all the other peoples affairs in that town，因有名词 her duty 作 宾语补足语 而被后置。在英语中只能用 it 作形式宾语，最佳答案为D。 考例 9 He didnt make_ clear when and where the meeting would be held.（ 07 天津） A. this B. that C. it D. these 解析：题干中的宾语从句 when and where the meeting would be held 为真宾语 ，由于宾语从句过长，而且后面带有形容词 clear 作 宾语
11、补足语 ，因此用 it 作形式宾语，最佳答案为 C。 三、考查含 宾语补足语 或 主语补足语 结构的 句子的 谓语 动词形式 考例 10 According to the art dealer, the painting _ to go for at least a million dollars.（ 04 四川） A. is expected B. expects C. expected D. is expecting 解析：句子的主语为 the painting，可判断题干为被动结构。句式 be expected to do sth 表示“估计 /预期会发生某事”，最佳答案为 A。 考例
12、11 Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) _ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free. （ 07 重庆卷） A. is said to be buying B. is said to have bought C. had said to buy D. has said to have bought 解析：句式“ be said to be/to have done”表示“据说是；据说发生了”。句意为：据说， 达 芬奇 把鸟养在笼中，是为了得到放鸟的快乐。根据句意，题
13、干应用被动句。由于 达 芬奇 的养鸟事情发生在很久以前，因此应用动词不定式的完成式作主语补足语。最佳答案为 B。 试做下面的高考题，从所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1. The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. (08 全国 II 卷 ) A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 2. The message is very important, so it is supposed _ as soon as possibl
14、e.（ 08 陕西） A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending 3. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. （ 08 江苏） 3 A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 4. I smell something _ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (07 全国 1 卷 ) A. burn
15、t B. burning C. being burnt D. to be burnt 5. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy coding, but the reader must not be left . (06 天津 ) A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied 6. Police are not searching for a woman who is reported to since the flood
16、 hit the area last Friday. (06 山东 ) A. be missing B. have got lost C. have been missing D. get lost 7. The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.（ 05 全国卷） A. that B. it C this D. him 8. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enoug
17、h. (05 天津 ) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 9. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.（ 04广东） A. are encouraged B. encourage C. is encouraged D. encourages 10. The number of deaths form heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and
18、vegetables. (04 上海 ) A. persuade B. are persuaded C. be persuaded D. will persuade 11. Helen had to shout_ above the sound of the music. (2004 广西 ) A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 12. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _ clear warnings before firing any shots. (上海 03) A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued Keys: 1 12 C A CB A CB D A B DA.
