1、2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第一部分：知识运用第一节 单项填空从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。例： Its so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to sayC. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是 D。1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello,
2、 Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started解析：考查时态。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob 现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C 选项正确。答案：C2. _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be
3、 gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until解析：考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。动植物为灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。Although 尽管，while 当的时候，尽管，然而，if 如果，until 直到，故选 C。答案：C3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled解析：考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有
4、益的经历。 “_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故 B 选项正确。答案：B4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked解析：考查时态。句意：Susan 已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan 辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit 是过去完成
5、时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语 when I visited her last year 可知，Susan 做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B 选项正确。答案：B5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“_ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系
6、代词 which 引导。A 选项正确。答案：A6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather 是谓语动词， “_ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起
7、的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故 B 选项正确。答案：B7. Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown解析：考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从 9,000 公里增长到25,000 公里。该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B 选项正确。
8、答案：B8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed解析：考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and 是连词，连接并列结构，and 后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故 A 选项正确。答案：A9. A resc
9、ue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped解析：考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。 “who _ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰 two tourists，two tourists和 trap 之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由 risked
10、可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D 选项正确。答案：D10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_ correctly 是非限制性定语，修饰 ordinary soap，ordin
11、ary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A 选项正确。答案：A11. Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why解析：考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。 “_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。答案：C12. In todays information age, the loss
12、of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must解析：考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词 can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要；should 应该，竟然；must 必须，肯定。答案：C13. They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove
13、B. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if _ a few more kilometers 是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故 D 选项正确。答案：D14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesd
14、ay afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at解析：考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee 先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和 Mr. Lee 见面） 。make an appointment for 意为“ 为预约”，是固定搭配，故 A 选项正确。答案：A15. This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这是我父亲教我的总是要面对困难，抱最大的希望。“_ my fa
15、ther has taught me”是表语从句，该空在从句中做 teach 的宾语，且表示“父亲教我的道理” ，故该从句应用 what 引导。D 选项正确。引导名词性从句时， how 表方式，意为“如何” ；which 意为“哪一个” ，that 在只起引导从句的作用，不做成分。答案：D第二节 完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The Homeless HeroFor many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of te
16、mptation（诱惑）. But the _16_ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith _17_ more remarkable.After spotting a _18_ on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain
17、 for about two hours waiting for the _19_ to return.After hours in the cold and wet, he _20_ inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to _21_ it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it.He then took the wallet to a nearb
18、y police station after _22_ a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were _23_ to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them w
19、hat Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was _24_.The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his _25_.Mr. Anderson said：I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight _26_ he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy ha
20、s nothing and _27_ he didnt take the wallet for himself；he thought about others _28_. Its unbelievable. It just proves there are _29_ guys out there.Mr. Smiths act _30_ much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson _31_ about the act of kindness on Face
21、book.Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to _32_ money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job _34_ and all s
22、orts, Mr. Anderson commented.For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing _35_. The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. hope 希望；B. aim 目标；C. urge 强烈的欲望，冲动；D. effort 努力。上一句提到，对很多人来说，一个装有400 无人看管的钱包是一种诱惑（它诱惑着人们将其据为己有） 。结合该
23、句中的比较级 greater 可知，对于一个无家可归的人来说，这样的一个钱包是一个更大的诱惑，将其据为己有的欲望会更大。该空对应上一句中的“a source（来源）of temptation（诱惑）”， C 选项正确。答案：C17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. still 仍然；B. even 更加，愈发，甚至；C. ever 曾经；D. once曾经，一度。所有这一切使得流浪汉 Tom Smith 的行为更加的不同寻常。even 在该句中修饰比较级 more remarkable。B 选项正确。答案：B18. A. walle
24、t B. bag C. box D. parcel解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. wallet 钱包；B. bag 包；C. box 盒子，箱子；D. parcel 包裹，包袱。由第三段中的 After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID 可知， Tom Smith 发现一辆汽车的前排座上有一个钱包。当时这辆车停在那儿，窗户摇了下来。A 选项正确。答案：A19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman解析
25、：考查名词词义辨析。A. partner 同伴，伙伴；B. colleague 同事；C. owner 主人；D. policeman 警察。Tom 冒雨等待车主回来。C 选项正确。答案：C20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. turned 转动；B. hid 藏，隐藏；C. stepped 迈步，举步；D. reached 伸手去拿，到达。由后面的 pulled the wallet out 可知 ，在雨里等了数个小时后，Tom将手伸进车窗，将钱包拿了出来。D 选项正确。答案：D21. A. discover B.
26、collect C. check D. believe解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. discover 发现；B. collect 搜集；C. check 核对，检查；D. believe 相信。Tom 将钱包拿出来企图找到一些身份证明，这样他就能联系司机了，结果他却发现钱包里装着400 的纸币和50 的零钱。A 选项正确。答案：A22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. taking 带走；B. leaving 留下，落下，离开；C. reading 读；D. writing 写。他拿着钱包去了附近的警察局，在车上
27、留下了一张便条，其目的是让车主知道他的钱包是安全的。B 选项正确 。答案：B23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. satisfied 满意的；B. excited 兴奋的；C. amused 被逗乐的；D. shocked 震惊的。当车主返回时，发现自己的车边有警察，应该感到很惊讶。故 D 选项正确。答案：D24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen解析：考查形容词/动词词义辨析。 A. safe 安全的；B. missing 不见的，丢失的；C. found发现，找到
28、；D. seen 看见。由该段开头可知， Tom 将钱包带去了警察局，因此该处警察告诉 John 他的钱包是安全的。A 选项正确。答案：A25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. service 服务；B. support 支持； C. kindness 善意，善良；D. encouragement 鼓励。Tom 将钱包交给警察，没有据为己有，这是一种善举。故 C 选项正确答案：C26. A. when B. if C. where D. because解析：考查状语从句引导词。A. when 在情
29、况下，既然；B. if 如果；C. where 表地点；D. because 因为。在 Tom 本来可以偷了钱去支付一个可以睡觉的地方的情况下，他仍然选择了露宿街头（没有偷钱）。所以 Mr. Anderson 对 Tom 的行为感到很惊讶。A 选项正确。答案：A27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. rather 相当；B. yet 但是；C. already 已经；D. just 仅仅。Tom什么都没有，但是他没有拿走钱包。前后两句话之间是转折关系，故 B 选项正确。答案：B28. A. too B. though C. a
30、gain D. instead解析：考查副词词义辨析。A. too 也；B. though 但是；C. again 再，又；D. instead 代替。Tom 没有拿走钱包，他考虑的是别人，没有考虑自己。D 选项正确。答案：D29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A. honest 诚实的；B. polite 礼貌的；C. rich 富有的；D. generous 慷慨的。Tom 没有拿走钱包，而是把它交到了警察局，这是一种诚实的行为。A选项正确。答案：A30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. dr
31、ew解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. gave 给；B. paid 支付；C. cast 投掷，投射；D. drew 吸引。Tom 的行为吸引了公众的关注。D 选项正确。答案：D31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. learned 学习，学会；B. posted 发布， 张贴；C. cared 关心，在意；D. heard 听到。由后面的 Facebook(一个社交网站) 可知，在 Mr. Anderson 将 Tom 的善举发布到 Facebook 上之后，Tom 赢得了社交媒体使用者的赞扬。 B 选项正确。答案：B32
32、. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn解析：考查动词词义辨析。A. borrow 借；B. raise 筹集；C. save 挽救，节省；D. earn 挣（钱）。Mr. Anderson 在网上发起一个运动来为 Tom 和其他无家可归的人筹钱。B 选项正确。答案：B33. A. of B. at C. for D. in解析：考查介词。大家向 Tom 表示出的信任触动了 Tom。faith 意为“ 信任，相信”，常和介词 in 搭配，意为“ 对的信任，相信”，故 D 选项正确。答案：D34. A. details B. changes C. offers D
33、. applications解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. details 细节；B. changes 改变；C. offers 提供（物） ，给予（物） ，提议；D. applications 应用，申请。该句应指 Tom 得到了人们的帮助，人们为他提供工作和其他的东西。C 选项正确。答案：C35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge解析：考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson 课；B. adventure 冒险； C. chance 机会；D. challenge挑战。这件事对于流浪汉 Tom 来说是一个可以改变终生的机会。C 选项正确。
34、答案：C第二部分：阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMy First Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my fir
35、st P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic .The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about comp
36、etition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start
37、 line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21, I w
38、as starving!As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the on
39、e that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a marathon winner.36. A month before the marathon, the author _.A. was well trainedB. felt scaredC. made up his mind to runD. lost hope解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句
40、Yet, I was determined to go ahead.可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。故选 C。答案：C37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.C. To show he was not talented in sports.D. To share a precious memo
41、ry.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段 I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic可知，作者提到 7 年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。故选 C。答案：C38. How was the authors first marathon?A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.C. He got the first prize.D. He walked to the end.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第 10 段 I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选 A。答案：A39. What does the story mainly tell us?A. A man owes his success to his family support.
