1、Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Part 1 Teaching Design 第一部分 教学设计 Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language (Noun clauses as the subject) Introduction In this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions,
2、 and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: noun clauses as the subject. The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by discove ring useful words and expressions，learn ing about grammar，reading more on subject clause，and closing down by doing exercises. Objec
3、tives To learn about noun clauses as the subject To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions To discover and learn to use some useful structures Procedures 1. Warming up by discovering useful words and expressions Turn to page 28 and do exercises 1, 2 ，3 and 4 first. Check your an
4、swers against your classmates. 2. Learning about grammar Introduction to Noun Clauses A noun clause is a clause which does the work of a noun in a sentence. It is a group of words containing a subject and a verb of its own. It can be used as a subject, predicate no minative, direct object, appositiv
5、e, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Usually noun clauses begin with that, what, where, when, who, whom, which, whose, how, why, whether, etc. Examples: He said that he would not come. We were all curious to know what he had done. Nobody knows when the registration will begin. We all wa
6、nted to find out who the winner was. Whom they were in contact with on the day of the robbery is of great interest to the police. Jane is not sure which university she should apply for. The judges had a hard time deciding whose painting was the best. How the baby fell from the window is a mystery. T
7、hey asked the boy why he had hit his classmate. Whether you like it or not is not the issue. Uses of Noun Clauses Noun Clauses can be used in the following ways: a.A s the subject of a verb Why she kept on crying puzzled every one. noun clause main verb b. As the object Nobody knows how he got invol
8、ved in gangland activities verb noun clause c. As the complement of the verb “to be“ or predicative What we are worried about is that he may have another heart attack. The question is why they could escape through the front door when there were so many guards there. Find the noun clauses in the foll
9、owing sentences and tell how they are used. (Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition) 1. How the prisoner escaped is a mystery. 2. My feeling is that the robbery was an inside job. 3. Everyone is wondering how he could just disappear. 4
10、. The news that he had escaped frightened the whole town. 5. The police have offered whoever finds the stolen diamonds a reward. 6. The family has had no word about where he might be. 7. That we were ready to go was a miracle. 8. Give whoever wants to go a ride to the game. 9. That you are losing gr
11、ound was evident from the polls. 10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman must be feeling guilty. Keys: 1. How the prisoner escaped subject 2. that the robbery was an inside job predicate nominative 3. how he could just disappear direct object 4. that he had escaped appositive 5. whoever finds the
12、stolen diamonds indirect object 6. where he might be object of the preposition 7. That we were ready to go subject 8. whoever wants to go indirect object 9. That you are losing ground subject 10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman subject 3. 学习主语从句 一、由 what（whatever，whoever）等代词引导的主语从句。 What they
13、are after is money. 他们追求的是金钱。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 这里说的话都应当保密。 二、由连词 that 引导的主语从句。其中 that 一般不可省略，但若用 it 作形式主语， that 从 句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用 it 开头，后接 be，seem 等。如果句 子是疑问形式，就只能用带 it 的结构。 That money doesnt grow on trees should be obvious. 金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。 It is obvious（that）mon
14、ey doesnt grow on trees .显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。 Has it been announced when the planes are to take off？飞 机什么时候起飞宣布了没有？ 注意： 1）选用 what 还是用 that 引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且 what（以及 whatever，whoever 等）引导的主语从句一般不用 it 作形式主语。 What he said is true.他说的是真的。 （what 在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。 ） That China is a great socialist cou
15、ntry is well known.（=Its well known that）众所周知，中 国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。 （that 在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分， 也无词义，只 起连接作用。 ） 2）it 引导的强调句与 it 作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it 引导的强调句是用来对句中某一 成分加以强调，其结构为：“It is（或 was）+强调部分+that（或 who）” 强调句去掉 It is（或 was）that（或 who）框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。 It was I that(who) met Mary in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街
16、上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语) 3）常见的用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构： *It is+形容词（nec essar y， strange，important ，wonderful，possible ，likely，等）+that 从 句，从句中常用虚拟语气。 Its necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。 Its strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。 *It is+名词（a fact，a pity ，no wonder，good ne
17、ws，等）+that 从句 Its a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。 *It is+过去分词（ said，reported，decided ，unknown 等）+that 从句 Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。 *It +不及物动词（ seems，appears，happens ， matters 等） +that 从句 It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮
18、忙。 4）主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式；但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念 （常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式： What we need is water. 我们需要的是水。 What we need are useful books. 我们需要的是有用的书。 三、由连接代词或连接副词（或 if, whether）引导的主语从句。 When they will come hasnt been made public.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。 Whether Ill attend the meeting hasnt been decided.=It hasnt be
19、en decided whether(if) Ill attend the meeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。 4Closing down by doing an quiz 1. Noun Clause Practice Quiz 1) I had an accident and took my car to the garage. My husband asked me where _. A. is my car B. my car was C. my car is D. was my car 2) Is it true all of the computers will shut d
20、own in the year 2010? _ is unbelievable! A. That all the computers could shut down B. All computers could shut down C. It is that all computers could shut down D. Shutting down of all computers 3) Is it true _ people are saying about Y2K? A . that what B. that C. whether or not D. what 4) _ an old “
21、date“ chip is important. A. A computer has B. If a compute r have C. Whether or not a computer has D. Has a computer 5) What are you going to do with your old computer? Nothing! _ is too expensive. A. That I want to do B. What I want to do C. That what I want to do D. If what I want to do Keys: B A D C B
