1、Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Overview of Living Marine Resources Management in China 中国海洋生物资源管理概况Ms. Liu QingJune. 13, 2011 Silver Spring,Outline,Background InformationMain government agencies Legal basis Major policiesMain research bodies,中国海洋生物资源概况主要管理机构主要法律法规水生生物资源管理相关政策主要科研机构与研究方向,Chinese
2、 Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,中国海域总面积达354万km2，其中水深200m的大陆架148万km2 ，中国诸海区的生物生产量为2.67t/ km2 （加权平均值），总生物生产量为1261.53万t。我国可供捕捞生产的渔场面积约281万km2 ，合42亿亩。Chinas total sea area : 3.54 million km2, of which 1.48 million km2 are the 200m depth continental shelf, Chinas production o
3、f marine biomass: 2.67t / km2 (weighted average), total biomass production : 12,615,300 t. Area available for capture fisheries : 2.81 million km2, about 42 million mu.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,我国海洋生物资源高达20278种，其中鱼类3032种、螺贝类1923种，蟹类734种、虾类546种，藻类790种。Living
4、 marine resources in China: 20, 278 kind, fish 3032, mollusk 1923, crab 734, shrimp 546, algae 790海洋鱼类中, 300多种是重要经济鱼类，60-70种是最为常见而产量又较高的主要经济鱼类。In marine fishes, more than 300 are economically important species, of which 60-70 species enjoy high production.,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,我国海洋生物丰富的主要
5、原因：中国是海洋大国，中国东、南两面濒临辽阔的海洋，归中国管辖的海洋面积有354万km2 ，跨越了温带、亚热带、热带三个气候带，大陆架宽阔，水体营养丰富. Main reasons for rich marine life : China is the major maritime country, facing the vast oceans in the East and South verge. The sea area under jurisdiction: 3.54 million km2, with spanning temperate, subtropical and tropi
6、cal climate, broad continental shelf, and nutritious water.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,我国海域辽阔，从北到南有四大海区渔场： Four important fishing grounds,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,渤海海区渔场总面积7.7 万平方公里，有辽东海、渤海海和莱州湾3 个大海湾，辽河、滦河、海河和黄河带来了丰
7、富的天然饵料，形成鱼类的天然产卵场和重要的渔场。Bohai Sea fishing ground: 77, 000 km2. with three gulfs, rich natural feedNatural spawning ground,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,黄海海区鱼场总面积38 万平方公里。北部水域较深，是我国冷水鱼类和鳕鱼等分布的海区。此外，黄海暖流和台湾暖流影响黄海海区，形成外海高盐水体与沿海低盐水体的混合水区，从而使饵料生物具有两种水体的综合群体，为各种鱼类的生长提
8、供了有利条件，因此经济鱼类十分丰富，有300 种之多，主要有大黄鱼、小黄鱼、带鱼、乌贼、鲅、鲐、鳓鱼和对虾等。Yellow sea fishing ground: 380,000 km2. Cold water species and cod. Rich in economic species, more than 300,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,东海海区渔场总面积77 万平方公里，其中大陆架面积52 万平方公里， 有长江、钱塘江、甬江、闽江、瓯江等注入。大陆架浅海水域，海岸线曲折，
9、 各大江河带来了大量营养物质，为海洋鱼类提供了极丰富的饵料，成为我国重要的渔场，鱼种有700 多种，以暖性鱼为主。 East China Sea: 770,000 km2. with 520,000 km2 continental shelf. 700 species, warm water species. 江东部的舟山群岛一带的海域，是我国最大的渔场，被称为我国海洋鱼类的宝库。Zhoushan island,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,海洋生物资源概况 Background Information,南海海区渔场总面积350 万平方公里，有珠江、韩
10、江、釜江、南渡江、龙门江及红河等注入。地处热带、亚热带，以暖水种鱼类为主。South China Sea fishing ground: 3,500,000 km2, warm water species 北部湾是我国重要的热带、亚热带海洋渔业区。Beibu Gulf,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,中国海洋生物资源管理组织构架,Ministry of Environment Protection 环保部,负责建立健全环境保护基本制度。 Develop laws and regulations for environmental protection负责
11、重大环境问题的统筹协调和监督管理。Take charge overall coordination, supervision and management of key environmental issues承担从源头上预防、控制环境污染和环境破坏的责任。Shoulder the responsibility for preventing and controlling environmental pollution and damage at source,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Ministry of Environment Protect
12、ion环境保护部,负责环境污染防治的监督管理;Take charge supervision and management on the prevention and control of environmental pollution指导、协调、监督生态保护工作;Take charge the work on environmental monitoring and information release负责环境监测和信息发布。Organize, guide and coordinate environmental publicity and communications work,Chin
13、ese Academy of Fishery Sciences,State Oceanic Administration国家海洋局,overall coordination of marine monitoring, scientific research, dumping of waste, development and utilization Responsible for establishing and perfecting the system of marine management, the drafting of the coastal zone, islands and w
14、aters under the jurisdiction of the draft laws and regulations Protect the marine environment.,承担综合协调海洋监测、科研、倾废、开发利用的责任;负责建立和完善海洋管理有关制度，起草海岸带、海岛和管辖海域的法律法规草案等。承担保护海洋环境的责任。,主要管理机构 Main government agencies,国家海洋局 State Oceanic Administration组织海洋调查研究，推进海洋科技创新，组织实施海洋基础与综合调查等。 Oceanographic research, marin
15、e science and technology to promote innovation, organization and implementation of marine based and comprehensive investigation.参与全球和地区海洋事务，组织履行有关的国际海洋公约、条约，承担极地、公海和国际海底相关事务，监督管理涉外海洋科学调查研究活动，依法监督涉外的海洋设施建造、海底工程和其他开发活动。 Participation in global and regional maritime affairs, international maritime orga
16、nizations to implement relevant conventions, treaties, to supervise the construction of foreign-related marine facilities, and other development activities .,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Bureau of Fisheries. MOA农业部渔业局（中国渔政指挥中心）,Develop and implement policies, measures on conservation and rati
17、onal exploitation of fisheries resources Take charge in fisheries resources, aquatic wetlands, aquatic wildlife and aquatic germplasm resources protection;responsible for the management of aquatic breeds, new varieties of aquatic audited organizations; guidance aquatic construction and management of
18、 protected areas.,拟订养护和合理开发利用渔业资源的政策、措施、规划并组织实施；负责渔业资源、水生生物湿地、水生野生动植物和水产种质资源的保护；负责水产苗种管理，组织水产新品种审定；指导水生生物保护区的建设和管理。,Bureau of Fisheries. MOA农业部渔业局（中国渔政指挥中心）,负责渔业水域生态环境保护；组织和监督重大渔业污染事故的调查处理工作；组织重要涉渔工程环境影响评价和生态补偿工作；指导渔业节能减排工作。Responsible for the protection of ecological environment of fishing waters;
19、organize and supervise the investigation of major fishery pollution accidents; organizing important projects involving environmental impact assessment of fisheries and ecological compensation; energy conservation in fisheries.组织开展国际渔业合作；监督执行国际渔业条约、协定；负责远洋渔业管理工作。international fisheries cooperation; m
20、onitoring the implementation of international fisheries treaties and agreements; responsible for the management of pelagic fisheries.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,农业部渔业局（中国渔政指挥中心）Bureau of Fisheries. MOA,指导“中国渔政”队伍建设；承担维护国家海洋和淡水管辖水域渔业权益的工作，协调处理重大渔业突发事件和涉外渔事纠纷，代表国家行使渔政渔港和渔船检验监督管理权。Guide Chines
21、e fishery law enforcement team, make commitment to protecting national waters under the jurisdiction of marine and freshwater fisheries rights and interests, coordinate the handling of major emergencies and foreign fishing disputes.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,法律依据 Legal Basis,中华人民共和国领海及毗连区法
22、PRC Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone中华人民共和国专属经济区和大陆架法Law on Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf中华人民共和国渔业法Fisheries Law of PRC中华人民共和国环境保护法Environmental Protection Law中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法Marine Environmental Protection Law中华人民共和国海域使用管理法Sea Area Use Management Law of PRC中华人民共和国野生动物保护法Wild An
23、imal Protection Law of the PRC,海洋水生物资源管理相关政策 Major policies （MOA）,海洋伏季休渔制度Fishing Moratorium自1995年起开始 starting from 1995 海洋伏季休渔制度已扩展到中国管辖的渤海、黄海、东海、南海四大海域Covering the four sea areas时间为两个半月到三个半月2.5 months to 3.5 months,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,相关政策 Major policies,保护了海洋生物种群资源，改善了海洋生态环境。 Livi
24、ng marine resources were protected and the marine environment was improved.稳定了海洋渔业生产，促进了渔民节支增收。Stability of the marine fishery production become stabilized and the fishermens income was increased.增强了广大渔民和社会各界的生态环境保护意识，营造了养护资源的良好社会氛围。community awareness of ecological and environmental protection was
25、raised.促进了我与周边国家渔业合作关系fisheries cooperation with neighboring countries was promoted.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,相关政策 Major policies,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,专属经济区渔政巡航制度 EEZ fishery cruise system专属经济区渔政巡航，是指我国渔政执法机构根据国家有关法律法规规定，派出渔政船对在我国专属经济区从事渔业生产和生物资源调查等渔业活动的我国和外国船舶、人员，依法实施监督检查和
26、行政处罚的执法行为。 sending law enforcement vessels in the exclusive economic zone; conducting investigation of biological resources, supervision and inspection of domestic and foreign vessels according to law enforcement regulations.,相关政策 Major policies,渔业捕捞许可管理制度 Fishing license management system中国对捕捞业实行船网
27、工具控制指标管理，实行捕捞许可证制度和捕捞限额制度。Network management tools to control the indicators, the implementation of fishing permit system and the fishing quota system.20032010年海洋捕捞渔船数量和功率“双控”目标基本实现。2003-2010 the number of marine fishing boats and were basically attained.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,相关政策 Maj
28、or policies,水生野生动植物自然保护区 Aquatic Wildlife Nature Reserve截至2006年，各级渔业行政主管部门共建立各类水生野生动植物及水域生态系统类型自然保护区约200处，其中国家级14处、省级43处、市（县）级约160处。在200处保护区中，海洋保护区约30处。As of 2006, about 200 aquatic wildlife nature reserve, including 14 national, 43 provincial, and 160 municipal (county). 30 marine protected area.,C
29、hinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,相关政策 Major policies,水产种质资源保护区 Aquatic Germplasm Resources Conservation Area 目前划定国家级水产种质资源220个，包括江河型保护区126个，湖泊型保护区55个，水库型保护区4个，河口型保护区3个，海洋型保护区32个。220个国家级水产种资资源保护区合计总面积111907.68平方公里, 主要保护对象接近300种。Total number 220, including 126 river-based protected areas, 55 lake-ba
30、sed, 4reservoir-based, 3 estuarine based, 32 marine protected areas . Total area: 111,907.68 km2 300 species.,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,主要科研机构 Main research bodies,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS)Institute of Hydrobiology, CASInstitute of Oceanography, CASThird Institute of Ocean
31、ography, SOAProvincial Fisheries Research Institutes,Basic Information of CAFS,A Research institution under the Ministry of AgricultureHeadquarters in Beijing9 research institutes located at the coastal and river areas,Organizations of CAFS,Basic Information of CAFS,Chinese Academy of Fishery Scienc
32、es,水科院重要学科研究方向 CAFS Key Research Areas,1. 渔业资源保护与利用 Fishery Resource Protection and Utilization2. 渔业生态环境 Fishery Eco-environment Protection3. 水产生物技术 Aquatic Bio-technology4. 水产遗传育种 Aquaculture Genetic Breeding 5. 渔业装备与工程技术 Fishery Equipment and Engineering 6. 渔业信息及战略研究 Fishery Information and Strate
33、gy Research,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,区域战略-Regional Research Strategy in CAFS,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,重点关注领域-Research Interest and Focus in CAFS,渔业资源Fishery resource,渔业生态环境Fishery Ecosystem,濒危水生野生动物Endangered aquatic wildlife,资源可持续利用Sustainable use of fishery resource 水产品质量Fish
34、ery products safety生态安全Ecosystem safety繁殖救护Resurging. And propagation种质资源恢复Restoring of the natural resource物种保护Conservation of focused species,中科院海洋所,基础研究中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室中国科学院海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室中国科学院海洋环流与波动重点实验室中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室海洋生物分类与系统演化实验室 应用研究中国科学院海洋生物技术研发中心海洋环境工程技术研究发展中心海洋腐蚀与防护研究发展中心,Chinese Acade
35、my of Fishery Sciences,IOCAS,Research Divisions Experimental Marine Biological Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, CAS R&D Center of Marine Biotechno
36、logy, CAS R&D Center of Marine Environmental Engineering & Technology Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny Center for Marine Corrosion & Protection,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,谢谢各位!,Thank You!,
