1、毕业论文开题报告 英语 商务英语信函翻译方法与技巧 一、选题的背景、意义 、 在世界经济全球一体化不断加剧的趋势下，我国对外经济交流活动频繁，国际竞争也迈入了一个新的时期。商务英语翻译的作用在经济活动中的重要作用也日益凸现。商务英语作为一门具有专门用途的英语，它要求选词恰当、精确，具有用语礼貌、表意清晰 。 商务信函作为进出口业务进展情况的专业性书面记录，特别强调准确性和规范性，因此，其翻译也同样要求准确和规范。本文主要从商务英语信函的文体特点来分析在翻译时应掌握的主要原则及方法技 巧。 本文从词汇和句式两方面分 析商务英语信函的特点，并介绍了商务词汇和长句的翻译方法。 二、相关研究的最新成果
2、及动态 三、课题的研究内容及拟采取的研究方法、技术路线及研究难点，预期达到的目标 商务 英语 作为一门具有专门用途的英语，它要求选词恰当、精确，具有用语礼貌、表意清晰。因此商务英语翻译必须具有一定的翻译技巧，才能在商务交流中体现它的实用效果 。在对外贸易、招商引资、国际 旅游 、海外投资以及国际运输等商务活动中所使用的英语统称为商务英语。商务英语文体复杂，所涉及的专业范围很广，包括广告英语、 法律 英语、应用文英语、包装英语等功能变体英语等多种。目前翻译界所提出的商务翻译标准，大多数脱胎于传统翻译理论“信、达、雅”，过于单一和笼统，不适合商务翻译的实际情况 。 翻译的问题应该具体问题具体分析，
3、因为具体的翻译受到翻译的性质、目的以及不同读者群的制约。同时，商务文件又涉及双方的权利和义 务，这就要求译者忠实地把原作的内容模拟出来 四、论文详细工作进度和安排 2010 年 9 月 24 日 -10 月 24 日 确定论文题目 2010 年 10 月 24 日 -11 月 24 日 开题报告 文献综述 2010 年 11 月 24 日 -12 月 24 日 论文初稿 五、主要参考文献 1甘 鸿 :外经贸英语函电上海 :上海科学技术文献出版社 ,1996 2宋德利 :外贸英语分句类型天津 :天津科技翻译出版公司 ,1995 3翁凤翔 :当代国际商务英语翻译上海 :上海交通大学出版社 ,200
4、7 4王兴孙 :商务英语 探索上海 :上海交通大学出版社， 1997 5潘红，商务英语英汉翻译教程 .北京：中国商务出版社， 2004 6余富林等著，商务英语翻译 M，北京：中国商务出版社， 2003 7.李平，国际经贸英语教程 M，中国国际广播出版社， 1999 毕业论文文献综述 英语 商务英语信函翻译方法与技巧 一、前言部分 在世界 经济 全球一体化不断加剧的趋势下，我国对外经济交流活动频繁， 国际竞争也迈入了一个新的时期。商务 英语 翻译的作用在经济活动中的重要作用也日益凸现。 商务 英语 作为一门具有专门用途的英语，它要求选词恰当、精确，具有用语礼貌、表意清晰。 商务信函作为进出口业务
5、进展情况的专业性书面记录，特别强调准确性和规范性，因此，其翻译也同样要求准确和规范。本文主要从商务英 语信函的文体特点来分析在翻译时应掌握的主要原则及方法技巧。 本文从词汇和句式两方面分析 商务英语 信函的特点，并介绍了商务词汇和长句的翻译方法。 二、主题部分 目前翻译界所提出的商务翻译标准，大多数脱胎于传统翻译理论“信、达、雅”，过于单一和笼统，不适合商务翻译的实际情况。翻译的问题应该具体问题具体分析，因为具体的翻译受到翻译的性质、目的以及不同读者群的制约。同时，商务文件又 涉及双方的权利和义务，这就要求译者忠实地把原作的内容模拟出来。 商务英语翻译具有自身特殊的 规律 ，翻译者在具体操作时
6、一定要灵活运用，在保证原文的信息量最大限度地传递到译文中的前提下，达到翻译准确、用词规范、语言流畅通顺的商务目的。 商务英语词汇特点与翻译词汇是语言的最基本单位，只有正确理解和翻译词汇，才能正确理解和翻译句子和文章。一般来说，商务英语词汇具有术语性、普通词的专业性、简约性和繁复性等特点。 商务英语句法特点与翻译英语句法的 特点是结构严谨完备，并以动词为核心，重形合轻意合。英语和汉语在句子结构和语序上基本对应的句子很少，因此翻译时，常常需要将原句结构作较大的改变。 三、总结部分 商务英语是以词汇丰富、专业术语数量庞大等特点而区别于普通英语，进行商务英语翻译，首先应具备相关专业知识。其次，要充分理
7、解具体的商务英语的特点，包括词汇特点与句法特点，切莫误解。商务英语词汇与句法复杂、多样，上述只是其中一些最基本的用法，我们尚需在实践中努力探索，在翻译过程中一定要采取灵活的翻译策略，不断提高翻译水平。 四、参考文献 1甘 鸿 :外经贸英语函电上海 :上海科学技术文献出版社 ,1996 2宋德利 :外贸英语分句类型天津 :天津科技翻译出版公司 ,1995 3翁凤翔 :当代国际商务 英语翻译 上海 :上海 交通 大学出版社 ,2007 4王兴孙 :商务英语探索上海 :上海交通大学出版社， 1997 5潘红，商务英语英汉翻译教程 .北京： 中国 商务出版社， 2004 6余富林等著，商务英语翻译 M
8、，北京：中国商务出版社， 2003 7.李平，国际经贸英语教程 M，中国国际广播出版社， 1999 本科毕业论文 （ 20 届） 英语 商务英语信函翻译方法与技巧 1. Introduction Business English is a branch of English language system. It refers to the special English that serves for international business routines. The specific way of information transmitting in business activi
9、ties needs the specific features of business English. Along with the rapid development of global economy integration, international business routines are more and more frequent and, business English, as a language tool for international economic exchange and business routines, has a new type of comp
10、rehensive subject. Business English plays an important role in our national economy reform and innovation, and the business English translation is a bridge connecting English and Chinese. Business English translators should have strong awareness of the linguistic features of business English, so tha
11、t translators can have a better comprehension. Business English practical translation includes the translation of business letters, business contracts, business English advertisement and trademark and so on. Being familiar with these pragmatically translations, business English translators can deal
12、well with the tasks in different business sets. And a business English translator should learn the linguistic features of business English and explore its translation principles so as to translate a business English text successfully. 2. Business Letter 2.1 The unique characteristics of business let
13、ters Business Letter is different from routine letters. Writing for a business audience is usually quite different from writing in the humanities, social sciences, or other academic disciplines. Business writing strives to be crisp and succinct rather than evocative or creative; it stresses specific
14、ity and accuracy. This distinction does not make business writing superior or inferior to other styles. Rather, it reflects the unique purpose and considerations involved when writing in a business context. When write a business document, you must assume that your audience has limited time to read i
15、t and is likely to skim. Your readers have an interest in what you say so far as it affects their working world. They want to know the “bottom line“: the point you are making about a situation or problem and how they should respond. Business writing varies from the conversational style often found i
16、n email messages to the more formal, legalistic style found in contracts. A style between these two extremes is appropriate for the majority of memos, emails, and letters. Writing that is too formal can alienate readers, and an attempt to be overly casual may come across as insincere or unprofession
17、al. In business writing, as in all writing, you must know your audience. In most cases, the business letter will be the first impression that you make on someone. Though business writing has become less formal over time, you should still take great care that your letters content is clear and that yo
18、u have proofread it carefully. 2.2 The different types of business letters From the style formalization and the importance degree of content, there are two kinds of business letter-Official letter and Memo. An official letter is a formal communication done in writing that is, written according to fi
19、xed, explicit, and definite convention, rules, customs, or format. The official letter is intended to voice person or, usually, the entity that issued it, like Federal or Governmental agencies, public or private companies. An official letter is usually considered as a binding letter. The opposite of
20、 an official letter is an informal letter, which is not or less formal, and usually shorter. Thus, an informal letter is not entity who wrote it. It is considered as an informational-only, non-binding letter. Sometimes we call it memo. A memo is an internal document that is generally short, focus on
21、 a single topic, reports information, makes a request or recommends action. It follows specific forms, depending on the organization. From the operation process, there are some types as follow: a. Establishing Business Relations b. Enquires and offers c. Making counter - offers and Declining Orders
22、d. Conclusion of Business e. Payment f. Establishment of and Amendment L / C g. Advising shipment h. Insurance i. Complaints and Claims （ Qiyunfang, 2002） 3. Linguistic Features of Business English Correspondence 3.1 Lexical features 3.1.1 Simple Words Since businessmen should write business letters
23、 with efficiency, simple words are applicable to achieve this goal. Another reason is related with the way of information transmitting in business routines which has been regarded as the most important part of business; using simple words also do well for people to communicate, to catch the words im
24、mediately, while complex words or rare words are hard to understand. So it is understandable for businessmen to use simple words rather than complex words or rare words. Some examples are as follows: complex or rare words simple words account for by the fact that caused by add the point that add tha
25、t at a price of $ 10 at $ 10 attempts try deliberation thought in the majority of cases most tangible real visualize see (Qiyunfang, 2002) 3.1.2 Abundance of business terms and abbreviated expression Business terms plays an important role in business English .It is the primal task for business Engli
26、sh translators to know some business terms. It will influence the business English translation, which the author will analyze in the next chapter. Abbreviations are largely used in business letters because they can carry plenty of information and make the translation more efficient. There are 3 type
27、s of abbreviations including acronyms, clipped word and blended words. For example, WTO(World Trade Organization） IMF (International Monetary Fund USD (United States Dollars,美元 ) CNY (China Yuan,人民币 ) FCL(Full Container Load)整箱货 LCL(Less than Container Load)拼箱货 F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average)平安
28、险 W.P.A.(With Particular Average)水渍险 T.P.N.D.(Theft, Pilferage and Nondelivery)盗窃、提货不着险 AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入的行政管理措施 CEM (Contractual Equipment Manufacturer) 合同制造商 EVA (economic value added) 经济附加值 INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 最初谈判权 (Hutchinson,Waters, 2002) 3.1.3 T
29、he Variability of Words Meaning In business English text, the same word can be interpreted in different meaning according to different contexts, which is the variability of business English words meaning. Such as: Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases i
30、n insurance premiums, insures are already lobbying for rate relief. 就像那年的情况一样，大灾之后保险金大幅度提高，现在保险公司已经在游说希望减免地方税。 During the 1980s the large premiums paid in acquisition often resulted in prices that greatly exceeded the value of tangible asset. 20 世纪 80 年代，并购中支付的大额溢价常常导致价格远远超过有形资产的价值。 In the first sen
31、tence, the word premium means insurance expenses（保险费） . In the second sentence, the word premium means the practical price over the face value（溢价） . Liquidity refers to the ability of investors to exchange a financial asset, such as a bond or a share, for cash. 资产折现力是指投资者将债券或股票等金融资产转换为现金的能力。 Place g
32、oods in bond. 将（未完税的）货物存入关栈。 (Panhong, 2004) In the first sentence, the word bond means debenture certificate(债券 ). In the second sentence, the word bond means the goods in the bonded warehouse（保税仓库中的货物） . In addition, it is common for businessmen to use slangs in business letters. Translators shoul
33、d pay more attention to slangs and to clarify them so as to eliminate obstacles during communicating. Such as: As I was about to say, I move that we table the discussion until our next meeting when everyone is present. 我建议将讨论推迟到下次每个人都参加会议时再进行。 Here, move means suggest（建议） , table the discussion mean
34、s to postpone the meeting Can you come down a little? 你能再降低一点价格吗？ Here, come down means knock down the price （压低价格） (Yangfang, 2004) 3.1.4 Vivid and Metaphorical Words With the frequent communication and development between countries, some vivid and metaphorical words have been found to indicate spe
35、cial business phenomenon and behavior. For example, big name， big-name company means 金字招牌； Heavy weight means 重量级公司； Bellwether， its original meaning is 领头羊， but in business English it means 业界领袖人物，领跑者。 3.1.5 Specialized Vocabulary There are a lot of technical terms and loan words in business letter which make business letters different from general letters. All of our business translators should be able to translation databanks, dictionaries and proprietary lists of industry terms,
