1、2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷） 本试卷共 120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节， 45 分） 第一节单项 填空 （共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分） 从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1.Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around? Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A. start B. have started C.started D. had started 2._
2、 we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. A. Although B.While C.If D.Until 3._ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in t
3、he neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 5.She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 6.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy
4、 moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 7.Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 8.In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help yo
5、u need. A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 10.Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. A. used B. to use C.
6、 using D. use 11.Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now. A. how B. when C. where D. why 12.In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company. A.need B.should C.can D.must 13.They might have found a better hotel if they _ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. wo
7、uld drive C. were to drive D. had driven 14.Good morning, Mr. Lees office. Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon. A. for B. on C. in D. at 15.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 第二节 完形填空
8、 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source (来源 ) of (诱惑 ). But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this m
9、akes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable. After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping t
10、o find some ID so he could contact (联系 ) the driver, only to 21 it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it. He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol
11、 Lawrencereturned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . Mr. Anderson said: “I couldnt bel
12、ieve that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didnt take the wallet for himself; he thought about others 28 . Its unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys ou
13、t there.” Mr. Smiths act 30 much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had re
14、ceived 8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; hes had job 34 and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves anoth
15、er. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writi
16、ng 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D.
17、 generous 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 第二部分： 阅读 理解 （共两节， 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2
18、 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A My First Marathon（马拉松） A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my f
19、irst P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didnt do either well. He later informed me that I was “notathletic”. The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about
20、 competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing th
21、e start line, my shoe laces(鞋带 ) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By
22、 mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same
23、medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签 ), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”. 36. A month before the marathon, the author _. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost h
24、ope 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a precious memory. 38. How was the authors first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit half
25、way. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mother of success. D. One is never too old to learn. B Find Your Adventure at the Space
26、and Aviation (航 空 ) Center If youre looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in eng
27、ineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what theyre studying in the classroom. For the trainees, the programs also offer a great
28、way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章 ). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to ea
29、rn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱 ) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search
30、 and rescue of “downed” pilot. With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as y
31、oung as 7. Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone! For more details, please visit us online at . 40. Why do people come to SAC? A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation. C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine. 41. To earn a Sp
32、ace Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets 42. What is the most important for trainees? A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. C. Task planning. D. Survival skills. C Plastic-Eating Worms Humans
33、 produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场 ), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers
34、 in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of
35、it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物 ) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes (酶 ) from the worms stomachs. Their
36、 findings were published in Current Biology in 2017. Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there
37、as well,” she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.” Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she f
38、inds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物 )? Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to brea
39、k down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.” 43. What can we learn about the worms in the study? A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures. C. T
40、hey can consume plastics. D. They wind up in landfills. 44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . A. identify other means of the breakdown B. find out the source of the enzyme C. confirm the research findings D. increase the breakdown speed 45. It can be inferred from the
41、 last paragraph that the chemical might . A. help to raise worms B. help make plastic bags C. be used to clean the oceans D. be produced in factories in future 46. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain a study method on worms. B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. C. To presen
42、t a way to break down plastics. D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. D Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Depar
43、tment of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isnt leading
44、 the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. Its hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse,
45、depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放 ) and offer more convenient, af
46、fordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehi
