1、第 1 页 共 8 页Unit 1 Great scientists阅读理解组块专练练速度(限时：35 分钟).阅读理解A(2017衡阳高三一模)There has been a controversy between animal rights supporters and scientists about whether it is right to use animals to find cures for human diseases in experimental research. Personally, if there are no other alternatives, an
2、d if it is possible that this will contribute to science, animals may be used for experimental research.The animal rights supporters label scientists as “cruel” for causing animals to die in medical experiments, while they do not oppose the people, mostly farmers, who kill animals for food. Some eve
3、n claim that people and animals are equal and they should be treated equally. But can the death of an animal be the same thing as the death of a person? I think causing animals to die for science or for saving human lives may be considered ethical (伦理的), if it will contribute to the advancement of s
4、cience and human health in general.Another basic argument of animal rights supporters is that people and animals are different genetically. They claim that it will make no good to use animals in experiments because they are too different to be compared to people. Some of them even state that it is b
5、etter to use people directly as they think that the results of experiments on animals cannot be valid and reliable as long as the same observation has not been done on man. However, these people cannot foresee the disastrous results of such a practice. Many people are likely to die until a healthy r
6、esult is obtained. People and animals may not be the same, but to some degree, scientists are right to use animal models to do some experiments that could not be achieved in human. There are also a lot of examples which show that using animals resulted in significant developments and helped to cure
7、some serious illnesses.All in all, using animals for medical research is ethical as long as it contributes to scientific development and human health. And this practice is only acceptable on the condition that animals are treated humanely.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要 论述了动物权利支持者和科学家之 间关于用动物进行医学试验研究以寻找治疗人类疾病的方法是否
8、正确的争议。作者认为动物可以被用于医学研究并针对此论点进行了分析论证。1Animal rights supporters hold the opinion that _.Afarmers have the legal rights to kill animalsBcausing animals to die for science is acceptableCscientists are to blame for killing animals for researchDanimals and people are not different genetically第 2 页 共 8 页解析：
9、选 C 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知， 动物权利支持者认为科学家应对科学研究致使动物死亡负责。故 选 C。2We can infer that the author _.Aseems to be an animal rights supporterBdoes experimental research on animalsCis concerned about the future of animalsDagrees that animals can be used in medical research解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及最后一段内容可推知，作者同意用动物进行医
10、学研究。故选 D。3According to the text, it is a fact that _.Ait is always illegal to use animals for experimental researchBusing animals for medical experiments contributes to curing some serious illnessesCusing people models is against the law and regarded as cruelDit makes no difference whether to use an
11、imals or people for experimental research解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，B 项 所述是事实。故选 B。BPeople have been wondering why elephants do not develop cancer even though they have lifespans (寿命) that are similar to humans, living for around 50 to 70 years.Now scientists believe they know why. A team at the Unive
12、rsity of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing. To be precise, they found 20 copies of an antitumor gene called TP53 in elephants. Most other species, including humans, only carry one copy.According to the research, the extra copies of th
13、e gene improved the animals sensitivity to DNA damage, which lets the cells quickly kill themselves when damaged before they can go on to form deadly tumors.“An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals， ” the study author Dr Vincen
14、t Lynch told The Guardian. If every living cell has the same chance of becoming cancerous (癌变的), large creatures with a long lifespan like whales and elephants should have a greater risk of developing cancer than humans and mice. But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with
15、 body mass.This_phenomenon was found by Oxford University scientist Richard Peto in the 1970s and later named “Petos paradox (悖论)”. Biologists believe it results from larger animals using protection that many smaller animals do not. In the elephants case, the making of TP53 is natures way of keeping
16、 this species alive.The study also found that when the same genes were brought to life in mice, they had the 第 3 页 共 8 页same cancer resistance as elephants. This means researchers could use the discovery to develop new treatments that can help stop cancer spreading or even developing in the first pl
17、ace.“Nature has already figured out how to prevent cancer， ” said Joshua Schiffman, a biologist at the School of Medicine, University of Utah, US. “Its up to us to learn how different animals deal with the problem so that we can use those strategies to prevent cancer in people.”语篇解读 ：科学家研究 发现，大象不患癌症
18、是因 为它们的体内有很多阻止肿瘤生长的基因 TP53，人 类 有望通过研究 TP53 来预防癌症。4Why are elephants unlikely to develop cancer?AThey have a rather large body size.BTheir genes suffer no DNA damage.CCertain genes in their body kill existing tumors.DThey carry many genes to prevent tumors developing.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句 “A team at
19、 the University of Chicago, US has found that elephants carry a large number of genes that stop tumors (肿瘤) developing.”可知，因为大象体内有许多阻止 肿瘤生长的基因，所以大象不患癌症， D 项正确。5According to the passage, what has been a risk in the evolution of large animals?ADeadly tumors.BThe huge body mass.CCells killing themselve
20、s.DSensitivity to DNA damage.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的 “An increased risk of developing cancer has stood in the way of the evolution of large body sizes in many animals”可知，许多大型动物在进化过程中有患癌症的风险，故 A 项正确。6What does the underlined part “This phenomenon” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?ALarger animals have
21、 protection from TP53.BThe risk of cancer is not related to body size.CLarger animals suffer the same risk of cancer as smaller ones.DThe huger animals are, the bigger risk of cancer they will have.解析：选 B 指代判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“But across species, the risk of cancer does not show a connection with body ma
22、ss.”可知，This phenomenon 指代患癌症的风险和动物的大小无关，故 B 项正确。7What can be concluded from the passage?ADepending on nature is surely enough to fight against cancer.BThe TP53 genes have proved useful in stopping cancer in people.第 4 页 共 8 页CHumans are expected to prevent cancer with the making of TP53.DThe extra c
23、opies of elephants genes are used to cure cancer patients.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“It s up to us to learn how .prevent cancer in people.”并结合上文 陈述的在大象身上发现阻止肿瘤生长的基因 TP53 可以判断，人们有望通过制造 TP53 来预 防癌症，故 C 项正确。C“Walt Disney World is banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because selfiesticks have become a
24、growing safety concern for both our guests and cast， ” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.Under a new policy, which takes effect Tuesday, the poles wont make it past the bag check at any Disney World theme park. The sticks also wont be allowed in Disney World water parks or Disney Quest, a gam
25、ing attraction at Downtown Disney. Selfiesticks will also become forbidden at Disneyland Resort in California on June 30. The prohibition begins at Disneys parks in Paris and Hong Kong on July 1.Guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks entranc
26、es. They will have an option of turning in their selfiesticks for pickup later or to go back to their cars or hotel rooms to keep them. Visitors will be told of the policy in locations such as the parking lots and at the resorts hotels. The prohibition will be added to the park rules post on Disney
27、Worlds website.The issue has been building at Disney. Previously, the sticks were prohibited from its rides, and “no selfiesticks” signs were at select rides, such as Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at Magic Kingdom. Cast members have given oral warnings to rule breakers.Selfiestick users put smartpho
28、nes and cameras on the ends of poles to extend their reach, frequently capturing themepark moments through selfportraits. The tools have been banned in public places including some museums and stadiums worldwide for obstructing views or causing safety issues.Disney World already prohibits items such
29、 as skateboards, inline skates, wagon, folding chairs and glass containers, according to its official website, which also lists “other items that we determine may be harmful”Universal Orlando has banned selfiesticks and other loose items from certain thrill rides at Universal Studios and Islands of
30、Adventure theme parks, but it has not set parkwide bans.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要 讲述了迪斯尼乐园禁止其各大主 题公园使用自拍杆的相关情况。8Which of the following objects has already been banned in Disney theme parks before the 第 5 页 共 8 页new policy takes effect?ASmartphones. BFolding chairs.CCameras. DContainers.解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可
31、知，在新政策生效前，迪斯尼主题公司已禁止使用的是折叠椅。故 B 项正确。9According to the ban, if the guests are found carrying selfiesticks during the routine bag check, they may _.Aabandon them at the bag checkBget fined and pick them up laterCturn them in to the policeDput them in the trunk of their cars解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，游客可将
32、其放到车子的后备箱。故D 项正确。10The underlined word in the fifth paragraph probably means “_”Achanging BbroadeningCblocking Dnarrowing解析：选 C 词义猜测题。根据第五段最后一句及常识可推知，高高举起的自拍杆将会遮住游客的视线且存在安全隐患，故画 线词“obstructing”意为“阻碍” 。block 意为“阻止” ，与其意思最接近。故 C 项正确。11According to the passage, it can be inferred that _.Athe ban on the
33、 use of selfiesticks is aimed at ensuring securityBpreviously guests can take photos with selfiesticks on thrill ridesCthe staff in Disneyland will inform visitors of the ban only orallyDUniversal Orlando has banned selfiesticks parkwide解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第一段并 结合第五段最后一句 “The tools have been banned . cau
34、sing safety issues.”可知，迪斯尼 乐园禁用自拍杆是 为了保证游客安全。故 A 项正确。DHave you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past”， as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as
35、 when you sang them all those years ago.Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.第 6 页 共 8 页Here is what they
36、 did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listenandrepeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they ask
37、ed the third group to sing the words.All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It do
38、es not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. The
39、y also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5.Dr. Ludke said the findings cou
40、ld help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburghs website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listenandrepeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”语篇解读
41、：本文是一篇科普说明文，主要 讲述了一项有关音 乐和外语学习之间存在关系的研究。12The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to _.Arecall the pastBattract the readersCintroduce the topicDcompare the childhood with the present解析：选 C 推理判断题。本文开头通过“song”举例导入话题，从而引出下文 对于音乐和外语学习之间关系的研究。故 C 项正确。13According to the passage, which lang
42、uage doesnt share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?AHungarian. BSpanish.CItalian. DEnglish.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，匈牙利语与其没有相同的词根。故 A 项正确。14Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that _.Asinging is the best way to learn a language第 7 页 共 8 页Bthe brain probably works best
43、when the foreign language learners sing the wordsCa listenrepeat method is very effective for any language learnerDDr. Katie Overy and Dr. Ludke disagree with each other解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，唱歌有助于找到学习外语的新途径。 选项A 中“the best way”与文意不符；选项 C 中的“any language learner”表述有误；根据最后两段可知，Dr. Katie Overy 与 Dr. Lud
44、ke 两人观点一致，排除 D 项 。故 B 项正确。15In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?AA mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.BA child is going to have his first music lesson.CA student is going to learn a new English song.DAn American is going to learn some Chinese.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段
45、第一句可知，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用。故 D 项正确。.阅读七选五(2017河北衡水中学一模)Get a Thorough Understanding of OneselfIn all ones life time, it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or dealing with._1_When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate (高估) yourself. It seems that everything you seek for i
46、s within your reach. _2_ Its likely that you think it wise for yourself to stay away from the outer world. Actually, to get a thorough understanding of oneself, you may as well keep the following tips in mind.Gain a correct view of oneself. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure no
47、t to expect too much, for dreams can never be fully realized. You may be courageous to meet challenges but it should be clear to you where to direct your efforts. _3_Selfappreciate. Whether you compare yourself to a high mountain or a small stone, you represent a state of nature. _4_ If you earnestl
48、y (诚挚地 ) admire yourself youll have a real sense of selfappreciation._5_ In time of anger, do yourself a favor by releasing (释放) it in a quiet place so that you wont be hurt by its flames; in time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a bad mood into a cheer
49、ful one; in time of tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep.Get a full control of ones life. Then one will find ones life full of color and flavor.AIt has its own value.BDo oneself a favor when its needed.第 8 页 共 8 页CDo yourself a favor when you resist the attack of illness.DBut it is precisely oneself that one h
