1、2018 年高考英语全国卷 1 试题及答案第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结朿后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。笫一节（共 5 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 毎段对话仅读一遍。例: How much is the shirt? A. 19.15. B.9.18. C. 9.15.1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a T
2、V program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. Shes generous. B. Shes curious. C. Shes helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship
3、between the speakers?A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共 15 小题：每小題 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分）听下面 5 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟：听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第 6 段材枓，回答第 6、7 题。What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research
4、. B. Dropping out of college. C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now? A. Ecology. B. Education.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。8. What is the man?A. A hotel manager. B. A tour guide. C. A taxi driver9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for someB. Showing her around the
5、 Seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel.听第 8 段材枓，问答第 10 至 12 题。10. Where docs the conversation probably take place?A. In an office. B. Ai home.C. At a restaurant.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?A. Go to a concert. B. Visit a friend. C. Work extra hours. 12. Who is Alice going t
6、o call?A. Mike. B. Joan. C. Catherine.听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 題。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartment. B. To deliver some furniture. C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color. B. Its design. C. Its quality.15. What does the man say ab
7、out the kitchen?A. Its a good size. B. Its newly painted. C. Its adequately equipped.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown. B. Talk with her friend. C. Make payment.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?A. Movie fans. B. News reporters. C. College stude
8、nts.18. Where does the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown. B. After he came to America. C. When he was 15 years old.19. How docs the speaker feel about his teacher?A. Hes proud. B. Hes sympathetic. C. Hes grateful.20. What does the speaker main talk about?A. How education sh
9、aped his life. B. How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节(共 15 小題：每小题 2 分，满分 36 分）阅读下列短文，从所给的 A. B. C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项.AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fa
10、ntastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear!Washington Capita! Monuments B
11、icycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled w
12、ater.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting storie
13、s about Presidents. Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth lour route 路线 make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike lour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washing
14、ton, D.C. Get up close to (he monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent slops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique (acts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and
15、safety lights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington. D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A
16、. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. D. Safety lights.BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa e
17、very morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers lop tips on how to reduce food waste, while
18、preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam，14， Finn, 13，and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican
19、 takeaway restaurant,，she explains. “I pay 5 for a portion (份) ，but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they arc flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food; but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series (系列节目), Save Money: Go
20、od Foods follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Monty: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to gel value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Malt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter spec
21、ial they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new progr
22、amme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How docs Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the a
23、uthor intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraph. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion. 27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet C. Makin
24、g Yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coining and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit 联系）groups developed their own patterns of
25、speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became mor
26、e settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant la
27、nguages such as English. Spanish and Chinese arc increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have l
28、ots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1.000; Africa 2,400: and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数 of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds l
29、anguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages arc close to extinction (消亡) ，with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in (he United States (two o
30、r three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one. with a question-mark): none of these seems to have nuich chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29.
31、 Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex. B. Advanced. C. Powerful. D. Modem. 30. How many languages arc spoken by less than 6,000 people a( present?A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200.31. What is the main idea of the text?A. Ne
32、w languages will be created. B. Peoples lifestyles arc reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages. D. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new. but a new study s
33、hows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using. Callie Babbitt and h
34、er colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life 一 from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devic
35、es were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however,
36、 we didnt throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not jus
37、t keeping these old devices - we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007
38、window. So whats the solution (解决方案) ？ The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand e
39、ntertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Ba
40、bbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals. B. To test the life cycle of a product. C. To update consumers on new technology. D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet. C. The LCD TV
41、. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart. C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design - something youll always h
42、ave in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps, to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? _ 36 _, color is the key to making a room feel the
43、way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. _37_, they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones,
44、 the medium ones， and the large ones._38_ Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls： and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the si
45、gnificant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices arc generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your roo
46、ms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_. A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were
47、 most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节 (共 20 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文
48、 .从短文后各题所给的A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I _41_ the idea of taking the class because, after all. who doesnt want to _42 _ a few dollars? More th
49、an that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent _43_ enough about free credits, news about our _44_ was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which _45_ I would be learning from one of the games _46_. I could hardly wait to _47_ him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former gra
