1、编制： 审核： 时间：1高考英语语法考点归纳介词和介词短语二轮复习教师寄语： 高考英语语法贯穿在高考英语语法填空、改错题、高考英语作文中，在进行阅读理解和完形填空时也用得到。可以说单词是英语学习的基础、语法是英语学习的架构。高考英语语法不难，总结起来也就十几点，希望同学们在听课和做题中不断揣摩其中的规律，再反过来通过题目精炼。一、介词的分类分类 特点 例词简单介词 即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 等等。合成介词 由两个介词构成合成词 into, onto,
2、throughout, upon, within短语介词 由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 等等。双重介词 由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 等等。分词介词 由现在分词转化而来considering(就而论), including，regarding，concerning 等。兼类介词 由形容词直接转化而来 like, unlike, near, next, opposi
3、te 等等。二、介词短语的功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能 例 句作定语 They didnt find the solution to the problem.作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the
4、world could live without air or water.（表条件）作表语 When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home.作宾语补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.三、常考介词（短语）的区别1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别表示的概念 介词（短语） 区 别 例 子时间来源:Z,xx,k.Com in at 在一个时间点上；来源:学科网 ZXXK来源:Zxxk.Com at 8 oclock, at noon编制： 审核： 时间：2onat
5、in 在一段的时间之内；on 在具体日子。来源:学科网in the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morning来源:学科网sincefromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from 指从时间的某一点开始。We have not seen each other since 1995.I hope to do morning exercises from today.in,afterin 指在一段时间之后，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after 表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中。Well be back in
6、 three days.After seven the rain began to fall.What shall we do after graduation?in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end 作“最后” 、 “终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词 of；at the end of 表示“在末梢” ， “到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时” ，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At
7、 the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.betweenamong一般说来，between 表示两者之间，among 用于三者或三者以上的中间。You are to sit between your father and me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有
8、时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，就用 between。Agreements were made between the different countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin 表示在某范围内；on 指与什么毗邻；to 指在某环境范围之外。Changchun is in the north
9、east of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon 只表示在某物的表面上，而用 in 表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper. There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin 通常表示位置（静态） ；into 表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。We walked in the park.We walked i
10、n to the park.throughacrossthrough 表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across 则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与 on 有关。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.位置in the corneron the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in 指角的内面；on the cornerThe lamp stands in the corner of the room.编制： 审核： 时间：3at the corner 表示“在角上” ，on
11、指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处” ，at 指的是拐角外附近的外面。I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.除了besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides 指“除了还有，再加上” ；except 指“除了，减去什么” ，不能放在句首。but 与 except 意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything 等和其他疑问词后面。except for 表示“如无就，只
12、是”表明理由细节。All went out besides me. All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.表示的概念 构成 例 子at+名词at dinner/table 在吃饭 at work 在工作 at war 交战 at cards 在玩牌 at work 在办公 at play 在玩耍 at rest 在休息 school 在上学 at press 正在排印at chur
13、ch 在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief 难以置信 beyond control 不听管教。 beyond compare 无可比拟 beyond description 难以形容beyond expression 无法表达 beyond suspicion 无可怀疑in+名词或 in +名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵 in need of 需要 in action 在运转in progress 在进行 in operation 在运行中 in use 开始使用 in sight 看得见 in store 贮藏着in course of constructio
14、n 正在兴建当中。 in (good) repair 维修良好的in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。 in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被拥有in addition 加之，又，另外； in advance 在前头，事先，预先；in case 如果，万一； in charge 主管，掌管，看管in common 共有，共同，公有； in conclusion 最后，在结束时in control 管理，掌握； in danger 在危险中，垂危；i
15、n demand 有需要的，吃香的； in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的；in effect 实际上，生效； in fact 事实上；in future 今后，以后； in haste 匆忙地，草率地；in order 按序，井然有序，情况良好，恰当；in progress 进行中；in public 公开地，当众； in return 作为回报；in shape 处于良好状态，在外形上； in trouble 在危险、受罚、的处境中；in turn 依次，替换地； in use 在使用着。 动作（表进行概念、表被动的关系）on+名词on business 办事/出差 on holida
16、y/vacation/leave 在休假on watch 值班 on duty 值勤/ 日。on guard 在值勤 on strike 在罢工编制： 审核： 时间：4on sale 出售 on loan 借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开 on the march 在行军on the air 在广播 on fire 在燃烧。on trial 在试用 on show/display/ exhibition 在展出under+名词under control 在控制之中 under discussion 在讨论underdevelopment 在发展中 under observatio
17、n 在观察中under test 在被测试 under construction 在建设中under fire 在炮火中 under examination 在检查/调查中under consideration 在考虑中 under repair 在修理中under arrest 被逮捕 under attack 受到袭击under medical treatment 在治疗中 under st udy 在研究中其他against ones opinion 反对某人的见解for ones opinion 同意某人的见解above reproach 无可指责，无可非议 above suspici
18、on 不受怀疑above criticism 无可指责at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布for sale 供出售 for rent 供出租 within sight 看得见2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别常见形容词 搭配 意义(be) absent from 缺席absent(be) absent in 不在这里而在(be) afraid of 担心afraid(be) afraid for 为而担心(be) angry with sb. 对某人生气angry(be) angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气(be)anxious for sth 急于
19、想得到anxious(be)anxious about sth./sb. 对某事/某人担心(be) different from 与不同different(be) different to 不关心(be) familiar with 精通，熟悉familiar(be) familiar to 为熟知（悉）(be) good at 擅长于(be) good for 对有益good(be) good to 对友好/态度好(be) popular with sb. 受欢迎popular(be) popular for 因而流行(be) strict with sb. 对某人要求严格strict(be
20、) strict in sth. 对某事要求严格3.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组类 型 举 例差一冠词，大相径庭in front of（在 前面)in the front of（在前部） in charge of（负责）in the charge of（由负责）out of question（毫无疑问） out of the question（不可能） 编制： 审核： 时间：5at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）at the table（在桌子旁边）有无介词，意义不同know sb.认识某人know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人 shoot at sb.向某人射击
21、search sb.搜身search for sb.搜寻某人 believe sb.相信某人的话 believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve the people 为人民服务（容易在 serve 后加 for） enter the room 进入房间（容易在 enter 后加 into）follow me 跟在我后面（容易在 follow 后加 behind） marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在 marry 后加 with）go abroad 出国（容易在 go 后面加 to） li
22、ve upstairs 住在楼上（容易在 live 后面加 in）母语思维，误用介词be caught in the rain 被雨淋着（不用 by） leave for some place 动身去某地（不用 to）set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用 for） in the direction 朝着方向（不用 to）do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用 to） different from 和不同（不用 with）with the help of 在的帮助下（不用 under） steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用 of）re
23、ad sth. to sb.给（为）读（念）（不用 for）4. 介词的搭配形式类型“形容词+介词” 型搭配的常见结构：at 前的 adj.：angry, clever, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzledof 前的 adj.：afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthywith 前的 adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patientin 前的 adj.：strict, weak, interested, successful, r
24、ichto 前的 adj.：polite, kind, cruel, rude, known, close, available, for 前的 adj.: sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious, be hungry/ thirstyfrom 前的 adj.：far, different, free, safe, absentabout 前的 adj.：worried, anxious, careful, sure, certain, curious“名词+介词”型搭配的常见结构： the key/ answer/ visit/ apology/
25、introduction/ waytowish/ desire/ hope/ prize/ respectforpity/ mercy/ congratulation/ effect/ advice/ impression/ influenceon编制： 审核： 时间：6形容词和副词练习题：. 在下列句子中填入适当的介词1）. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. (安徽)3）. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _ her f
26、oot wounded so much. (福建)4）. I began to feel _ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. (山东)5）. Everything was perfect for the picnic except _ the weather. (浙江)6）. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. (北京)7）. Although _ my opinion, the old prof
27、essor didnt come up with his own. (福建)8）. Scientists are convinced _ the positive effect of laughter _ physical and mental health. (江西)9）. Experts have been warning _ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking. (江西)10）. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. (全国 I)11）. Som
28、e people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.(全国12）. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves. (四13）. The open-air celebration has been put off because _ the bad weather. (浙江)14）. Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours. (福建)15）
29、. Its quite_ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)16）. Its a top secret. Yes, I see. I will keep the secret _ you and me.(上海)17）. People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)18）. After the earthquake, the injured were cared _ in the local hospit
30、als or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西)19）. I would like a job which pays more, but _ the other hand I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. (浙江)20）. More and more young people are fond _ playing tennis nowadays. (上海)21）. Leave your key with a neighbor _ case you lock yourself
31、 out one day. (北京)22）. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, _ which there wont be much work. (上海)23）. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ which New York is an example. (四川)24）. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qo
32、molangma, _which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)25）. The book was written in 1946, _ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)26）. He was educated at the local high school, _ which he went on to Beijing University. (江苏)27）. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals i
33、n the degree _which they can be controlled on purpose. (重庆)II. 语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June. The idea for creating a day 1_children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman2_the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought3 _ the idea for Fathers Day while liste
34、ning to a Mothers Day sermon 4_ 1909. Having been raised 5_ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6_her. It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,7 _the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and lovi
35、ng man. Sonoras father was born in June, so she chose to hold the 编制： 审核： 时间：7first Fathers Day celebration 8_ Spokane, Washington 9_the 19th of June, 1910. In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10_Fathers Day. Roses are the Fathers Day flowers.【答案】 I. into, with , at,
36、 for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, o
37、n, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, w
38、ith , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, abou
39、t, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 【答案】 I
40、. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as 编制： 审核： 时间：8【答案】 I. into, with , at, for, for, against, of on, for, for, besides, between, of, beyond, beyond, between, about, for, on, of, in, without, of, above, since, after, toII. for by of in by to in in on as
