1、外文原文MARRIAGEINAUSTRALIATHELAWREGULATINGMARRIAGEINAUSTRALIAISCONTAINEDINTHEMARRIAGEACT1961WHICHSETSOUTWHOMAYMARRY,WHOMAYPERFORMTHEMARRIAGECEREMONY,HOWTHECEREMONYISTOBECONDUCTEDANDWHEREANDWHENITMAYBEPERFORMEDALLREFERENCESINTHISSECTIONARETOTHISACTUNLESSOTHERWISESTATEDWHOMAYMARRYANYPERSONOVERTHEAGEOF18M
2、AYMARRY,PROVIDEDTHATTHEPERSONISLEGALLYABLETOCONSENTISNOTMARRIEDTOSOMEONEELSEISNOTWITHINAPROHIBITEDRELATIONSHIPSUCHASAPARENT,BROTHER,SISTERORGRANDPARENTWITHTHEPROPOSEDSPOUSEIFAPERSONUNDER18YEARSOFAGEWISHESTOMARRYTHEYMUSTBEATLEAST16YEARSOFAGEANDTHEOTHERPERSONOVER18YEARSOFAGE,ANDMUSTOBTAINACOURTORDERFR
3、OMAJUDGEORMAGISTRATEAUTHORISINGTHEMARRIAGEAPPLICATIONSAREMADETOTHEMAGISTRATESCOURTANDHAVETHEWRITTENCONSENTOFTHEPARENTSORGUARDIANUNLESSACOURTHASGIVENTHECONSENTINPLACEOFTHEPARENTSAMARRIAGECANONLYOCCURBETWEENPERSONSOFOPPOSITESEXTRADITIONALLYTHEDEFINITIONOFSEXHASBEENLEFTTOBIOLOGY,HOWEVERTHEFAMILYCOURTHA
4、SRECENTLYALLOWEDAMARRIAGEBETWEENAWOMANANDFEMALETOMALETHEDECISIONWASBASEDONAPPARENTSEX,NOTBIOLOGYWHATISAVALIDCEREMONYTOBEVALID,AMARRIAGEMUSTBEPERFORMEDBYANAUTHORISEDCELEBRANT,WHOMAYBEAMINISTEROFRELIGIONUNDERTHEACTREGISTERDTHEREGISTRAROFMARRIAGESFORTHESTATEORTERRITORYWHERETHEMARRIAGEISTOTAKEPLACEAPERS
5、ONAUTHORISEDBYTHECOMMONWEALTHATTORNEYGENERALCIVILMARRIAGECELEBRANTSCHARGEWHILEMINISTERSOFRELIGIONUSUALLYRECEIVEADONATIONWHATDOCUMENTSHAVETOBEFILEDBEFOREAMARRIAGECANTAKEPLACEBEFOREAMARRIAGECEREMONYCANTAKEPLACE,ANOTICEOFINTENDEDMARRIAGEMUSTBEGIVENTOTHEMARRIAGECELEBRANT,NOTMORETHAN18MONTHSANDNOTLESSTHA
6、NONEMONTHBEFORETHEDATEOFTHEINTENDEDMARRIAGETHENOTICEMUSTGIVEALLTHEREQUIREDDETAILSANDBESIGNEDBYEACHOFTHEINTENDINGPARTNERSINTHEPRESENCEOFTHECELEBRANTORANOTHERPERSONAUTHORISEDBYTHEACTMARRIAGEACT1961S42THEPARTNERSMUSTEACHCOMPLETEANDSIGNADECLARATIONSTATINGTHEIRCURRENTMARITALSTATUSANDTHATTHEYBELIEVETHEREI
7、SNOLEGALREASONWHYTHEMARRIAGESHOULDNOTTAKEPLACEBIRTHCERTIFICATES,OREXTRACTSSHOWINGTHEDATEANDPLACEOFBIRTHOR,IFNOTOBTAINABLE,ASTATUTORYDECLARATIONGIVINGTHESEDETAILS,MUSTBEPRODUCEDEVIDENCEOFDIVORCEREQUIREDADIVORCEDPERSON,WIDOWORWIDOWER,MUSTPRODUCEEVIDENCEOFTHEDIVORCE,ORADEATHCERTIFICATEAMINORMUSTOBTAINT
8、HEAPPROPRIATECONSENTSINSPECIALCASES,ALLORANYOFTHESEREQUIREMENTSMAYBERELAXEDALTHOUGHMOSTMARRIAGESTAKEPLACEINACHURCHORAHOME,THEYCANOCCURATANYTIMEORANYPLACE,ASLONGASTWOADULTWITNESSESAREPRESENTISTHEREANYLAWREQUIRINGAWOMANTOCHANGEHERNAMETOHERHUSBANDSTHEREISNOLAWTHATAWOMANSNAMEMUSTBECHANGEDONMARRIAGEALTHO
9、UGHITISCOMMONPRACTICEFORAWIFETOADOPTHERHUSBANDSSURNAMESHECANCONTINUETOUSEHEROWNNAMEAFTERMARRIAGEIFSHECHOOSESMARRIAGECERTIFICATESMARRIAGECERTIFICATESPROVIDEPROOFOFAMARRIAGEANDARENEEDEDFORMANYPURPOSES,SUCHASOBTAININGPASSPORTS,EVIDENCEINPROBATECASESANDWHENAPPLYINGTOTHEFAMILYCOURTUNDERTHEFAMILYLAWACT197
10、5USUALLYAPHOTOCOPYOFTHEMARRIAGECERTIFICATEWILLSUFFICEFORANAPPLICATIONTOTHEFAMILYCOURTMARRIAGECERTIFICATESAREPREPAREDONTHEDAYOFTHEMARRIAGEBYTHEMARRIAGECELEBRANTANDSIGNEDBYTHEHUSBANDANDWIFE,THECELEBRANTANDTWOWITNESSES,WHOMUSTBE18YEARSOFAGEOROVERTHECERTIFICATEISUSUALLYGIVENTOTHEMARRIEDCOUPLEAFTERTHECER
11、EMONYTHECELEBRANTMUSTFORWARDASECONDCERTIFICATETOTHEREGISTRAROFBIRTHS,DEATHSANDMARRIAGESWITHINTHEFOLLOWINGFOURTEENDAYS,FORTHEOFFICIALRECORDINGOFTHEMARRIAGEMARRIAGEACT1961S504FOREIGNMARRIAGESINGENERAL,AMARRIAGECELEBRATEDOVERSEASISRECOGNISEDINAUSTRALIAASAVALIDMARRIAGEIFITISVALIDACCORDINGTOTHELAWSOFTHEC
12、OUNTRYINWHICHTHEMARRIAGETOOKPLACEHOWEVER,THEMARRIAGEWILLNOTBEVALIDINAUSTRALIAIFTHEPARTIESAREWITHINAPROHIBITEDRELATIONSHIPTHEREWASNOREALCONSENTEVENTHOUGHITMAYBELEGALFORACHILDWITHDUALNATIONALITYTOMARRYWHILSTUNDERTHEAGEOF18INTHECOUNTRYOFTHEIROTHERNATIONALITY,SUCHAMARRIAGEWILLNOTBEVALIDUNDERAUSTRALIANLA
13、WAMARRIAGECELEBRATEDOUTSIDEAUSTRALIACANBEPROVEDWITHANOFFICIALEXTRACTFROMTHEFOREIGNREGISTRYPROOFOFAFOREIGNMARRIAGEISNEEDED,FOREXAMPLE,INALLFAMILYCOURTAPPLICATIONSCERTIFICATESINAFOREIGNLANGUAGEMUSTBEFILEDWITHATRANSLATIONANDANAFFIDAVITBYTHETRANSLATORTHATHEORSHEISCOMPETENTTOTRANSLATEITIFAFOREIGNMARRIAGE
14、CERTIFICATEISUNAVAILABLE,THEFAMILYCOURTMAYACCEPTOTHEREVIDENCEASSUFFICIENTPROOFOFTHEMARRIAGEANAUSTRALIANMARRIAGEMAYBEPERFORMEDOVERSEASIFTHECEREMONYISWITNESSEDBYAMARRIAGEOFFICERUSUALLYANAUSTRALIANCONSULAROFFICIALAUTHORISEDUNDERTHEMARRIAGEACT1961THESEMARRIAGESARERECORDEDINTHEREGISTEROFOVERSEASMARRIAGES
15、HOWEVER,THEDEPARTMENTOFFOREIGNAFFAIRSSTOPPEDTHISSERVICEINJANUARY1995ANDITISUNKNOWNWHETHERITWILLRESUMEMARRIAGESPERFORMEDINAUSTRALIAACCORDINGTOTHELAWSOFANOTHERCOUNTRYAREGENERALLYVALIDIFMADEINTHEPRESENCEOFCONSULARORDIPLOMATICSTAFFFROMTHATCOUNTRYANDPROVIDEDTHEYOBSERVETHERULESABOUTAGEANDPROHIBITEDRELATIO
16、NSHIPSSEXUALRELATIONSMARRIAGEGIVESNORIGHTTOAHUSBANDORAWIFETOSEXUALINTERCOURSEANDAPERSONMAYBECONVICTEDOFSEXUALOFFENCEONHISORHERSPOUSECONTRACEPTIONANDABORTIONADVICEONCONTRACEPTIONISREADILYOBTAINABLEFROMMEDICALPRACTITIONERSANDFAMILYPLANNINGCLINICSAPERSONSEEKINGADVICEORTAKINGCONTRACEPTIONDOESNOTNEEDASPO
17、USESCONSENTTHELAWSONABORTIONDIFFERFROMSTATETOSTATEINSOUTHAUSTRALIAITISCOVEREDUNDERTHECRIMINALLAWCONSOLIDATIONACT1935TOPERFORMANILLEGALABORTIONONONESELFORSOMEONEELSEISANOFFENCEWITHAMAXIMUMPENALTYOFLIFEIMPRISONMENTAWOMANWHOHASRESIDEDINSOUTHAUSTRALIAFORATLEASTTWOMONTHSMAYHAVEANABORTION,ATCERTAINHOSPITA
18、LS,BYAMEDICALPRACTITIONERWHOAGREESWITHANOTHERMEDICALPRACTITIONERWITHONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGASSESSMENTSTHEPREGNANCYCONTINUINGINVOLVESGREATERRISKTOTHEPREGNANTWOMANSLIFE,ORGREATERRISKOFINJURYTOHERPHYSICALORMENTALHEALTH,THANTERMINATINGTHEPREGNANCY,ORTHEREISASUBSTANTIALRISKIFTHEPREGNANCYISNOTTERMINATEDTHATTHEC
19、HILDWILLBESERIOUSLYHANDICAPPEDFROMPHYSICALORMENTALABNORMALITIESWILLSANDESTATESINTHEDIVORCE,ANYGIFTORPOWERTOTHEFORMERSPOUSEISCANCELLEDTOBESAFE,LEGALADVICEABOUTWILLSSHOULDBESOUGHTUPONMARRIAGE,SEPARATIONORDIVORCE翻译澳大利亚的婚姻澳大利亚的法律规范婚姻是包含在1961年婚姻法,其中规定了谁可以结婚,谁可能进行结婚仪式,仪式是如何进行以及在何时何地可能被执行。本节中的所有引用此法,除非另有说明
20、。谁可以结婚任何18岁以上的人可以结婚人,但前提是1、在法律上是可以同意2、不是别人结婚3、与结婚对象不属于被禁止的关系父母,兄弟,姐妹,祖父母或外祖父母)。如果一个未满18岁的人要结婚他们必须至少16岁,另一位年满18岁,必须获得法官或法庭的颁令,从裁判官那里授权婚姻(向裁判法院申请),有书面同意的家长或监护人(除非法庭给了家长同意,则可以代替)。一个婚姻只能异性之间发生的人。传统的“性”的定义已经离开生物学,但家庭法院最近允许一个女人之间的婚姻和女性与男性。这项决定是基于明显的性别,而不是生物学。什么是一个有效的仪式为了有效,结婚必须由授权的监礼人,那个人可能是一个宗教部长根据该法;在为国
21、家或地区的婚姻登记的婚姻是哪里发生;由联邦总检察长授权的人。民事婚姻监礼人负责,而宗教部长通常会收到捐赠。什么文件都必须结婚日之前提交一个可以进行结婚仪式之前,可以采取的地方,拟结婚通知书必须考虑到婚姻监礼人,不超过18个月,不低于前一个计划中的结婚日期的月份。该通知必须提供所有必需的信息,并且由每一个合作伙伴签署了拟在监或由法1961年婚姻法第42条一人授权的人在场。合作双方必须各自填写并签署一份声明,说明他们目前的婚姻状况,他们认为没有任何法律理由的婚姻应该不会发生。出生证明书,或摘录(显示的日期和出生地点),或者,如果不是索取,法定声明提供的细节,必须出示。离婚所需的证据离婚的人,寡妇或
22、鳏夫,必须出示证据,离婚或死亡证明。一个未成年人必须取得适当的同意。在特殊情况下,这些要求全部或任何可适当放宽。虽然大多数婚姻发生在教会或家庭中,它们也可能发生在任何时间或任何地方,但只要两个成年证人出席。是否有任何法律规定一个女人要改变自己的名字为她丈夫的毫无疑问,没有法律规定一个女人在结婚后必须改变自己的名字。虽然妻子采纳她的丈夫的姓是常见的做法。如果她选择结婚后她可以继续使用自己的名字。结婚证书结婚证提供了婚姻的证明,并在有需要的时候一个多种用途,如取得护照,遗嘱认证案件的证据在申请时根据需要和家庭法法案,通常是在结婚证复印件的条件下就足以为向家庭法院申请。结婚证,准备对由婚姻监礼人主持
23、结婚的日子,并由丈夫和妻子,监礼人及两名证人签署,这些人必须年满18岁或以上。该证书通常是考虑到夫妇的仪式结束后。该监礼人必须将在以下十四日内向出生,死亡及婚姻登记第二个证书,为婚姻1961年婚姻法第50条(4)的正式记录。涉外婚姻一般来说,确认一个在澳大利亚被认可的婚姻是否有效是根据行为发生地的法律是合法的。但是,如果无论是人还是结婚,即一夫多妻婚姻;无论是人不是适婚年龄;各方都在禁止关系;有没有真正的同意。在澳大利亚婚姻不会是有效的。尽管它可能在他们的年龄里是一个未满18具有双重国籍的孩子结婚,而在其他国籍的国家的法律,这样的婚姻不会根据澳大利亚的法律效力判定它是否有效。澳大利亚举行婚礼外
24、可与官方证实摘录外国注册表。对涉外婚姻证明是必要的,例如,在所有家事法庭申请。在外国语言证书必须向翻译和宣誓书的翻译,他或她有能力翻译。如果外国结婚证书不可用,需要婚姻家庭法院可以接受的其他足以证明的证据。澳大利亚的婚姻可能是一个在海外进行,如果结婚仪式是由人员根据婚姻法授权(通常是澳大利亚领事官员)见证。这些婚姻记录在海外婚姻登记中。不过,外交部在1995年1月停止了这项服务,目前还不清楚它是否将恢复。另据澳大利亚国家的法律进行的婚姻一般都是有效的,除非在该国存在的领事或外交人员,并提供他们从观察,看到不符规则的年龄及禁止关系。性关系婚姻没有给到一个丈夫或妻子和别人性交的权利,可能就使他或她
25、的配偶在性罪行中被定罪。避孕和堕胎关于避孕的忠告是容易从医生和计划生育诊所索取的。一个人寻求建议,或采取避孕并不需要配偶的同意。关于堕胎的法律,从一个国家到不同国家。在南澳大利亚是包括在1935年刑法统一法。对自己或他人非法堕胎是终身监禁的罪行,这是一个具有最高刑罚的罪行。一个在南澳大利亚居住至少两个月女人有可能流产时,在某些医院,需要由医生与另一个具有下列评估意见的医生的同意继续妊娠涉及更大的风险,孕妇的生命,或更大的伤害她的身体或精神健康的风险,比终止怀孕,或有一个相当大的风险,如果不终止妊娠,孩子将受到严重身体或精神异常的残疾。遗嘱及遗产在离婚时,任何礼品或前配偶的权力都将被取消。为了安全起见,在结婚、分居或离婚后有关遗嘱应寻求法律意见。