1、一、1980 年联合国国际货物买卖合同公约英文 中文United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of GoodsTHE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,BEARING IN MIND the broad objectives in the resolutions adopted by the sixth special session of the General Assembly of the United Nations on the establishment of
2、 a New International Economic Order,CONSIDERING that the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States,BEING OF THE OPINION that the adoption of uniform rules which govern contracts for the internat
3、ional sale of goods and take into account the different social, economic and legal systems would contribute to the removal of legal barriers in international trade and promote the development of international trade,HAVE DECREED as follows:PART I SPHERE OF APPLICATION AND GENERAL PROVISIONSChapter I
4、SPHERE OF APPLICATIONArticle 1(1) This Convention applies to contracts of sale of goods between parties whose places of business are in different States:(a) when the States are Contracting States; or(b) when the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting S
5、tate.(2) The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between, or from information disclosed by, the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.(3
6、) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention.Article 2This Convention does not apply to sales:联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980 年 4 月 11 日订于维也纳本公约各缔约国铭记联合国大会第六届特别会议
7、通过的关于建立新的国际经济秩序的各项决议的广泛目标，考虑到在平等互利基础上发展国际贸易是促进各国间友好关系的一个重要因素，认为采用照顾到不同的社会、经济和法律制度的国际货物销售合同统一规则，将有助于减少国际贸易的法律障碍，促进国际贸易的发展，兹协议如下：第一部分 适用范围和总则第一章 适用范围第一条（）本公约适用于营业地在不同国家的当事人之间所订立的货物销售合同：（）如果这些国家是缔约国；或（）如果国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律。扩大适用，国际私法规范（）当事人营业地在不同国家的事实，如果从合同或从订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时，当事人之间的任何交易或当事人透露的情报均看不出，应不予考虑
8、。（）在确定本公约的适用时，当事人的国籍和当事人或合同的民事或商业性质，应不予考虑。 （不是国籍标准）第二条 本公约不适用于以下的销售：排除条件电令私卖船票(a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use;(b) by
9、 auction;(c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law;(d) of stocks, shares, investment securities, negotiable instruments or money;(e) of ships, vessels, hovercraft or aircraft;(f) of electricity.Article 3(1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or produced are to be considered
10、 sales unless the party who orders the goods undertakes to supply a substantial part of the materials necessary for such manufacture or production.(2) This Convention does not apply to contracts in which the preponderant part of the obligations of the party who furnishes the goods consists in the su
11、pply of labour or other services.Article 4This Convention governs only the formation of the contract of sale and the rights and obligations of the seller and the buyer arising from such a contract. In particular, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, it is not concerned with:(a)
12、 the validity of the contract or of any of its provisions or of any usage;(b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold.（法国是合同订立时转移，德国另外订立物权合同，美国是特定化后转移所有权，英国是特定化后在以当事人的意图决定所有权，我国是动产按照占用交货时转移，不动产按登记。 ）Article 5This Convention does not apply to the liability of the sell
13、er for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person.Article 6The parties may exclude the application of this （）购供私人、家人或家庭使用的货物的销售，除非卖方在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时不知道而且没有理由知道这些货物是购供任何这种使用；消费者权益保护（）经由拍卖的销售；（特殊规则）（）根据法律执行令状或其它令状的销售；（特殊）（）公债、股票、投资证券、流通票据或货币的销售；金融法（）船舶、船只、气垫船或飞机的销售；（需要登记）（）电力的销售。 （无形）第
14、三条（货物）（）供应尚待制造或生产的货物的合同应视为销售合同，除非订购货物的当事人保证供应这种制造或生产所需的大部分重要材料。三来一补例外（）本公约不适用于供应货物一方的绝大部分义务在于供应劳力或其它服务的合同。劳务例外第四条 各国不同 本公约只适用于销售合同的订立和卖方和买方因此种合同而产生的权利和义务。特别是，本公约除非另有明文规定，与以下事项无关：（）合同的效力，或其任何条款的效力，或任何惯例的效力；（）合同对所售货物所有权可能产生的影响。有贸易术语的用贸易术语，没有的用公约第五条 本公约不适用于卖方对于货物对任何人所造成的死亡或伤害的责任。产品责任例外 第六条 约定免除 Convent
15、ion or, subject to article 12, derogate from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.Chapter II GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 7(1) In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance
16、of good faith in international trade.(2) Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles, in conformity with the law applicable by vir
17、tue of the rules of private international law.Article 8(1) For the purposes of this Convention statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to his intent where the other party knew or could not have been unaware what that intent was.(2) If the preceding paragraph i
18、s not applicable, statements made by and other conduct of a party are to be interpreted according to the understanding that a reasonable person of the same kind as the other party would have had in the same circumstances.(3) In determining the intent of a party or the understanding a reasonable pers
19、on would have had, due consideration is to be given to all relevant circumstances of the case including the negotiations, any practices which the parties have established between themselves, usages and any subsequent conduct of the parties.Article 9(1) The parties are bound by any usage to which the
20、y have agreed and by any practices which they have established between themselves.(2) The parties are considered, unless otherwise agreed, to have impliedly made applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in international trade is
21、 widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade concerned.双方当事人可以不适用本公约，或在第十二条的条件下，减损本公约的任何规定或改变其效力。第二章 总则 第七条条约的解释（）在解释本公约时，应考虑到本公约的国际性质和促进其适用的统一以及在国际贸易上遵守诚信的需要。（）凡本公约未明确解决的属于本公约范围的问题，应按照本公约所依据的一般原则来解决，在没有一般原则的情况下，则应按照国际私法规定适用的法律来解决。第八条
22、（）为本公约的目的，一方当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应依照他的意旨解释，如果另一方当事人已知道或者不可能不知道此一意旨。（）如果上一款的规定不适用，当事人所作的声明和其它行为，应按照一个与另一方当事人同等资格、通情达理的人处于相同情况中，应有的理解来解释。（）在确定一方当事人的意旨或一个通情达理的人应有的理解时，应适当地考虑到与事实有关的一切情况，包括谈判情形、当事人之间确立的任何习惯作法、惯例和当事人其后的任何行为。第九条（）双方当事人业已同意的任何惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯做法，对双方当事人均有约束力。（）除非另有协议，双方当事人应视为已默示地同意对他们的合同或合同的订立适用双方当事人已
23、知道或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例，在国际贸易上，已为有关特定贸易Article 10For the purposes of this Convention:(a) if a party has more than one place of business, the place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the contract and its performance, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the p
24、arties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract;(b) if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to his habitual residence.Article 11A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It
25、may be proved by any means, including witnesses.Article 12Any provision of article 11, article 29 or Part II of this Convention that allows a contract of sale or its modification or termination by agreement or any offer, acceptance or other indication of intention to be made in any form other than i
26、n writing does not apply where any party has his place of business in a Contracting State which has made a declaration under article 96 of this Convention. The parties may not derogate from or vary the effect or this article.Article 13For the purposes of this Convention “writing“ includes telegram a
27、nd telex.PART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRACTArticle 14(1) A proposal for concluding a contract addressed to one or more specific persons constitutes an offer if it is sufficiently definite and indicates the intention of the offer or to be bound in case of acceptance. A proposal is sufficiently definit
28、e if it indicates the goods and expressly or implicitly fixes or makes provision for determining the quantity and the price.(2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an 所涉同类合同的当事人所广泛知道并为他们所经常遵守。 第十条 为本公约的目的：（）如果当事人有一个以上的营业地，则以与合同及合同的履行关系最密切
29、的营业地为其营业地，但要考虑到双方当事人在订立合同前任何时候或订立合同时所知道或所设想的情况；（）如果当事人没有营业地，则以其惯常居住地为准。 第十一条 合同形式 销售合同无须以书面订立或书面证明，在形式方面也不受任何其它条件的限制。销售合同可以用包括人证在内的任何方法证明。 第十二条 本公约第十一条、第二十九条或第二部分准许销售合同或其更改或根据协议终止，或者任何要约、承诺 或其它意旨表示得以书面以外任何形式做出的任何规定不适用，如果任何一方当事人的营业地是在已按照本公约第九十六条做出了声明的一个缔约国内，各当事人不得减损本条或改变其效力。 第十三条 为本公约的目的， “书面”包括电报和电传
30、。第二部分 合同的订立 重点第十四条 要约定义（）向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的订立合同的建议，如果十分确定并且表明要约人在得到承诺 时承受约束的意旨，即构成要约。一个建议如果写明货物并且明示或暗示地规定数量和价格或规定如何确定数量和价格，即为十分确定。不包括交货时间等invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal.Article 15(1) An offer becomes effective when it reaches the of
31、feree.(2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer.Article 16(1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance.(2) However,
32、an offer cannot be revoked:(a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable; or(b) if it was reasonable for the offeree to rely on the offer as being irrevocable and the offeree has acted in reliance on the offer.Article 17An offer, even if it
33、is irrevocable, is terminated when a rejection reaches the offeror.Article 18(1) A statement made by or other conduct of the offeree indicating assent to an offer is an acceptance. Silence or inactivity does not in itself amount to acceptance.(2) An acceptance of an offer becomes effective at the mo
34、ment the indication of assent reaches the offeror. An acceptance is not effective if the indication of assent does not reach the offeror within the time he has fixed or, if no time is fixed, within a reasonable time, due account being taken of the circumstances of the transaction, including the rapi
35、dity of the means of communication employed by the offeror. An oral offer must be accepted immediately unless the circumstances indicate otherwise.(3) However, if, by virtue of the offer or as a result of practices which the parties have established between themselves or of usage, the offeree may in
36、dicate assent by （）非向一个或一个以上特定的人提出的建议，仅应视为要约邀请，除非提出建议的人明确地表示相反的意向。 第十五条 要约生效（）要约于送达被要约人时生效。（）一项要约，即使是不可撤销的，得予撤回，如果撤回通知于要约送达被要约人之前或同时，送达被要约人。 第十六条 要约撤销（）在未订立合同之前，要约得予撤销，如果撤销通知于被要约人发出承诺 通知之前送达被要约人。（）但在下列情况下，要约不得撤销：（）要约写明承诺期限或以其它方式表示要约是不可撤销的；或（）被要约人有理由信赖该项要约是不可撤销的，而且被要约人已本着对该项要约的信赖行事。公平原则 第十七条 要约终止要约，即
37、使是不可撤销的，于拒绝通知送达要约人时终止。第十八条 承诺定义（）被要约人声明或做出其它行为表示同意一项要约，即是承诺 ，缄默或不行动本身不等于承诺 。（）承诺于表示同意的通知送达要约人时生效。如果表示同意的通知在要约人所规定的时间内，如未规定时间，在一段合理的时间内，未曾送达要约人，承诺就成为无效，但须适当地考虑到交易的情况，包括要约人所使用的通讯方法的迅速程序。对口头要约必须立即承诺 performing an act, such as one relating to the dispatch of the goods or payment of the price, without no
38、tice to the offeror, the acceptance is effective at the moment the act is performed, provided that the act is performed within the period of time laid down in the preceding paragraph.Article 19(1) A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other mod
39、ifications is a rejection of the offer and constitutes a counter-offer.(2) However, a reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additional or different terms which do not materially alter the terms of the offer constitutes an acceptance, unless the offeror, without undue dela
40、y, objects orally to the discrepancy or dispatches a notice to that effect. If he does not so object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications contained in the acceptance.(2) Additional or different terms relating, among other things, to the price, payment, quality
41、 and quantity of the goods, place and time of delivery, extent of one partys liability to the other or the settlement of disputes are considered to alter the terms of the offer materially.Article 20(1) A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror in a telegram or a letter begins to run from
42、the moment the telegram is handed in for dispatch or from the date shown on the letter or, if no such date is shown, from the date shown on the envelope. A period of time for acceptance fixed by the offeror by telephone, telex or other means of instantaneous communication, begins to run from the mom
43、ent that the offer reaches the offeree.(2) Official holidays or non-business days occurring during the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period. However, if a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day fal
44、ls on an official holiday or a non-business day at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first business day which follows.，但情况有别者不在此限。（）但是，如果根据该项要约或依照当事人之间确立的习惯作法和惯例，被要约人可以做出某种行为，例如与发运货物或支付价款有关的行为，来表示同意，而无须向要约人发出通知，则承诺于该项行为做出时生效，但该项行为必须在上一款所规定的期间内做出。 传统做法第十九条镜子反射（）对要
45、约表示承诺 但载有添加、限制或其它更改的答复，即为拒绝该项要约，并构成反要约。（）但是，对要约表示承诺 但载有添加或不同条件的答复，如所载的添加或不同条件在实质上并不变更该项要约的条件，除要约人在不过分迟延的期间内以口头或书面通知反对其间的差异外，仍构成承诺 。如果要约人不做出这种反对，合同的条件就以该项要约的条件以及承诺 通知内所载的更改为准。（）有关货物价格、付款、货物质量和数量、交货地点和时间、一方当事人对另一方当事人的赔偿责任范围或解决争端等等的添加或不同条件，均视为在实质上变更要约的条件。第二十条承诺期间（）要约人在电报或信件内规定的承诺期间，从电报交发时刻或信上载明的发信日期起算，
46、如信上未载明发信日期，则从信封上所载日期起算。要约人以电话、电传或其它快速通讯方法规定的承诺 期间，从要约送达被要约人时起算。（）在计算承诺期间时，承诺期间内的正式假日或非营业日应计算在内。但是，如果承诺 通知在承诺 期间的最后天未能送到要约Article 21(1) A late acceptance is nevertheless effective as an acceptance if without delay the offeror orally so informs the offeree or dispatches a notice to that effect.(2) If
47、a letter or other writing containing a late acceptance shows that it has been sent in such circumstances that if its transmission had been normal it would have reached the offeror in due time, the late acceptance is effective as an acceptance unless, without delay, the offeror orally informs the off
48、eree that he considers his offer as having lapsed or dispatches a notice to that effect.Article 22An acceptance may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time as the acceptance would have become effective.Article 23A contract is concluded at the moment when an acce
49、ptance of an offer becomes effective in accordance with the provisions of this Convention.Article 24For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of acceptance or any other indication of intention “reaches“ the addressee when it is made orally to him or delivered by any other means to him personally, to his place of business or mailing address or, if he does not have a place of business or mailing address, to his habitual residence.PART III SALE OF GOODSChapter I GENERAL PROVISIONSArticle 25A breach of cont
