1、学术类雅思写作教案Novice Teacher:汤儒涵Class: Date: Lesson Topic切题论段（1）Lesson Time Duration of Lesson2.5 hoursRationale让学生了解写作课程的结构安排让学生了解雅思写作考试的结构让学生了解雅思写作考试的评分标准Outcomes有能力辨析不同写作题目要求熟悉雅思写作考试的结构安排有能力对写作题目进行辨析分类有能力了解自己的写作弱项Lesson Sequence (Strategies, procedures, task, etc)Teacher Activity Est Time自我介绍介绍课程内容安排：
2、12 切题论段34 观点拓展56 遣词造句78 图表专攻介绍雅思写作考试结构安排时间题型字数强调写作先大后小介绍大作文的出题范围从摇篮到坟墓：从儿童性格是不是先天， 到小孩上学应该学啥，再到高中毕业要不要直接上大学，再到就业压力从何而来，再到生活琐事政府沟通，到怀孕女性是否应该有津贴，该不该捐款帮别人，到老年人该不该住养老院，安乐死应不应该被鼓励。基本分类如下：儿童：教育，健康，家庭，娱乐，消费学生：同上，再加上就业，国际，媒体成年：同上，加上社会，科学，政府，环保老年：同儿童介绍雅思平分标准T/CC/L/G强调写作和语言的分别测试2 min1min3min1-2min5 min10-15mi
3、n强调 567 分的差别重申课程安排与评分标准之间的关系：切题论段（T/CC) 观点拓展/遣词造句（L/G）强调写作切题的重要性引用反面例子警戒考生07.04.14 More people have unhealthy diet and do not do enough exercises. What are the reasons for this? How can we encourage people to have a healthier lifestyle?同学错解成 unhealthy die 了，洋洋洒洒写了二百多字得 4 分引用易混淆题目例子考察学生析题能力Version 42
4、(G)In some countries, children go to school at the age of seven, but in other countries they will go to school at the age of four. Which idea do you prefer? Version 50(G)In some country children starting their school at the age of seven in order to strengthen their relation with their parents, but i
5、n other countries, children can begin their school at the age of four. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of starting school at an early age.引出如何拆分题干结构：背景命题要求使用剑桥中的题目印证题干的规律性：Cambridge IELTS 6 Test 2Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important p
6、rofessions. 背景描述 Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. 题目论点Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 题目要求Cambridge IELTS 5 Test 2In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting univer
7、sity studies. 背景描述Discussion the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 题目要求和论点Cambridge IELTS 5 Test 1Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. 论点To what extent do you agree r disagree? 题目要求强调由下而上式的读题方法读问号确定要求读命题确定逻辑读背景确定方向演
8、示逆向法重新分析易混淆题目Version 42(G)In some countries, children go to school at the age of seven, but in other countries they will go to school at the age of four. Which idea do you prefer? 10 min2-3 min3 min4 min2 min2-3 min2 minVersion 50(G)In some country children starting their school at the age of seven
9、in order to strengthen their relation with their parents, but in other countries, children can begin their school at the age of four. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of starting school at an early age.切题练习：2006.2.12In modern society, there are more and more old people, do you think its benefi
10、ts outweigh its disadvantages?2006.2.18Some people believe that air travel should be prohibited as it causes pollution and uses up fuel resources. Do you agree or disagree with the statement? You should use your own experience to support your argument.2006.3.11In many countries more and more young p
11、eople are leaving but unable to find jobs. What problems do you think youth unemployment will bring for individual and the society? What measures should be taken to deduce level of unemployment among youngsters?2006.3.18Many people say teachers should be responsible for teaching students to judge wh
12、at is right and wrong. Others say teachers should only teach students academic subjects. Discuss the both viewpoints and give your own opinion.06 / 09/ 02In some countries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising which try to persuade children to buy snacks, toys，and other goods. Parents obje
13、ct such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information in these advertisements.Discuss both views and give your opinion.06 / 09/ 23Young adults should undertake unpaid work to help people in the community. Do you think it brings more drawbacks to the community and
14、the young adults than benefits?06 / 10 / 14Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn the children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?对于问号所在句的形式进行归纳总结：纵观一下所有这些题目要求的形式，不难发现很多的相似之处，例如 “To wh
15、at extent do you agree or disagree?Do you agree or disagree?”的问法， “Discuss both views and give your own opinion”的要求， 以及使用 What, why提问的方式， 都反复出现在多个题目当中。正如上面所述，雅思考试是一项标准化的英语能力考试， 之所谓标准化，就意味着每一套题目都要符合统一的标准。也正是这种标准，造成了听力和阅读中同类型题目的题目要求是一样的：选择题总是 “choose the correct letter A, B, C or D”, 填空题总是“complete th
16、e sentence below”； 同理，写作当中，同类题型的题目要求也是一致的。指出大作文的五大类4-6 min2 min1 minPRR/同意不同意观点比较说明复合单独介绍各大类题型特征，要求和相应结构介绍 PRR 类的题目特征“ What are some of the reasons behind this problem and can you recommend some suggestion?” 或者“Why do you think has caused this problem and what should be done to solve this?”等。统一特征就是题
17、目要求中（问号句）会出现 why, what caused, what factor, reason, suggestion, solution, recommendation, how can/to 等表因果关系的标志词。用真题实例印证题目特征的规律性2007 年 1 月 6 日 The frequent change of the world has often resulted in the change of peoples jobs and work life. Discuss what has caused this and give your suggestions on pre
18、paring people who are going to work in the future.2007 年 8 月 16 日 The resources on the earth are above a dangerous level. What might be the causes of this problem? How to solve this problem?2007 年 1 月 13 日 The gap between the rich and the poor is widening, as the rich becomes richer and the poor bec
19、omes poorer. What are the causes of this and can you suggest some solutions?2007 年 3 月 3 日 (悉尼考点移民类)More and more children are putting on more weight than ever before. Why do you think this is happening and can you give any suggestions?2007 年 3 月 10 日 (移民类)The level of noise in our day-to-day life i
20、s increasing. What are some of the reasons behind this problem how can we reduce the damage of this phenomenon?介绍 PRR 类的题目要求也就是要求大家针对题干中所说的问题进行分析，给出原因并且建议一些解决的方法介绍 PRR 类的文章结构介绍文章构不同于文章段落主体部分写原因，部分写方法问答练习 PRR 类文章的切题和结构2008 年 8 月 21 日 8.21 学术类Some people think that international travel makes them prej
21、udiced rather than broad-minded. Why do you think people may fail to benefit from international travel? How can people benefit from this kind of travel? 2008 年 9 月 13 日 9.13 学术类Many people believe that its important to protect the environment but they make no efforts on it. Why is this case? Whats y
22、our advice for individual to protect it. 2008 年 5 月 22 日移民类 Doctors say that in many countries people do not have enough physical exercise. What are the causes for this problem? What can be done to solve it? 2-4 min4-6 min1-2 min2-3 min4-5 min2008 年 6 月 28 日移民类In many places of tour such as lakes，mo
23、untains and beaches，the environment is polluted because of the rubbish and litters produced by tourists. Why is this? How can we solve the problem? 2008 年 7 月 26 日移民类Nowadays，many people have to work longer time and they feel more stressed than before. What are the reasons? What can the employers do
24、 to make the workers life easier? 介绍观点比较类题目特征“ Which do you prefer?” 或者 “Discuss both views and give your own opinion.”等。统一特征就是题目要求中（问号句）会出现让大家进行比较选择的字眼，并且题干中有两个观点。用真题实例印证题目特征的规律性2007 年 1 月 13 日Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to students future career; othe
25、rs think the true function of university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. Whats your opinion of the main function of university? 2007 年 1 月 20 日Some people say that governments should pay for the public health care and education, while others say that it is not the governments respon
26、sibility. Please discuss both views and give your own opinion. 2007 年 3 月 3 日Some people think that school should put students in different classes according to their academic ability, while some others believe that students of different abilities should be educated together. Please discuss both vie
27、ws and then present your own opinion. 2007 年 3 月 22 日Some people think that government should provide assistance to all kinds of artists (eg. painters, musicians, poets) while some others think it is a waste of money. What is your opinion? 2007 年 7 月 7 日In some countries, secondary schools aim to pr
28、ovide a general education across a wide range of subjects, while in others, children focus on a narrow range of subjects related to particular careers. Which education system according to your opinion is more appropriate for todays world? 介绍观点比较类的题目要求比较的本质是将两个观点的支持论点放在一起，看哪一个更有力有利介绍观点比较类的文章结构部分写观点 A
29、 的合理之处，部分写观点 B 的合理之处练习观点比较类文章的切题Version 42(G)In some countries, children go to school at the age of seven, but in other countries they will go to school at the age of four. Which idea do you prefer? 0801192-4 min4-5 min1-2 min1-2 min5-6 minOld generations often hold some traditional ideas on the cor
30、rect way of life, thinking and behavior. However, some people think that it is not helpful for the young generations to prepare for modern life in the future. Whats your opinion? 080126Unemployment is getting increasingly serious in many countries. Some people think students only need to get primary
31、 education, while others think secondary education is necessary. Whats your opinion? 080301 Schools offer a wide range of courses such as physical education, music, economics, philosophy, maths, English,geography, physics and history. Among all these subjects, which one do you think is the most impo
32、rtant and which one is the least important? 080308 The number of cars keeps increasing, so road systems should be expanded. Some people think the government should pay for it, while others think the car owners should pay for it. What is your opinion? 强调此类题目的容易混淆点:观点相异 vs 观点相反这类题目很容易和应该不应该类的题目混淆。因为同为
33、议论性文体，观点比较选择好类的题目的题干里面有着两个或者两个以上的观点，而应该不应该类虽然只有一个观点，但是由于写作重要讨论这个题干的正反面，所以很容易被看做是相反的两个观点。逻辑上来讲，两个观点的确是可以相异或者相反。这一类题干的特点就是会出现“while others do not think so”或“However, some people disagree”一类的否定陈述。但在这里为了避免不必要的混淆，我们就将讨论一个观点的正反面这类的题目归于同意不同意类-应该不应该。例如下面的这几个例子：2007 年 6 月 16 日(G) There is a number of people
34、think that watching TV would be good for childrens development while others disagree. What is your opinion? 2007 年 7 月 21 日(G) Air travel become a much cheaper form of transportation than in the past. Some people say that is positive development, some people disagree. What is your opinion? 介绍同意不同意类题
35、目特征“ Do you agree or disagree?” 或者“To What extent do you agree?” 等。问法多样，但其统一特征就是题目要求中（问号句）为一般疑问句 (Do you agree or disagree?/Do you think sb should do sth/ Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantage? 等) 或带有如下标志词的特殊疑问句：Opinion, think, attitude等用真题实例印证题目特征的规律性2007 年 2 月 3 日 (Australia) (G) Some scho
36、ols have special courses for sports while other schools do not provide any of the kind. Do you think schools should have sports lessons and why do you think so? 2007 年 2 月 3 日Some people believe that individuals cannot improve environment, but only governments and big companies can make a difference
37、. To what extend do you 3-4 min2-4 min4-5 minagree or disagree? 2007 年 2 月 10 日Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since the computer technology is so advanced that the Internet and computer can replace their function. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 2007 年 3 月 31 日(G) Some peo
38、ple suggest building more roads to reduce traffic problem. What is your opinion? 2007 年 4 月 14 日Do you think advertisements should be banned from public media such as TV? 介绍同意不同意类的题目要求这类题目的重点是在表达考生一定要表达自己的态度,无论支持反对或者两者皆非,并且自己的写作能够解释支持自己的立场。并且能够用例证让读者更好的理解你所同意或者反对的原因。介绍同意不同意类下三大逻辑命题应该不应该： 某人应该不应该做某事。
39、 你同意吗？AB： 有人认为 A 观点比 B 观点更好/更坏。 你同意吗？因果： 有人认为因为某个原因，所以某个结果一定成立。你同意不同意？介绍三大逻辑命题的特征：应该不应该： 题干中的标志词大都为 should, do you think, positive, negative, outweigh。描述的是简单的是否问题，“好或不好” ，“该做或是不该做”，“ 会或者不会”。包括我们常见的问法 “Do you think its advantages outweigh disadvantages?”或者“Do you think this is positive or negative?”，
40、都在问某一件事是应该做还是不应该做。2007 年 2 月 3 日 (Australia) (G) Some schools have special courses for sports while other schools do not provide any of the kind. Do you think schools should have sports lessons and why do you think so? AB： 这个题干结构中表示的是一个比较完后的结果。出题人认为前者比后者一定更好或者一定更坏。题干的标志词当然就是形容词的比较级形式了， 如more 或者 bett
41、er 等。此类题干的另外一种形式就是在同一题干中否定一种观点（B ）并且肯定另外一种观点（A）。否定 B 观点但是肯定 A 观点，从逻辑上也可以看做是认为 AB2007 年 2 月 3 日Some people believe that individuals cannot improve environment, but only governments and big companies can make a difference. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 因果：此类题目的基本逻辑结构为：有人认为因为某个原因，所以某个结果一定成立。
42、你同意不同意？ 题干一般包括前因后果两个部分，标志词多为因果3-4 min2-3 min2-3 min2-3 min2-3 min关系词，如 because, since, therefore 等2007 年 2 月 10 日Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since the computer technology is so advanced that the Internet and computer can replace their function. To what extend do you agree or dis
43、agree? 介绍三大逻辑命题相应的文章结构应该不应该： 部分支持，部分不支持2007 年 2 月 3 日 (Australia) (G) Some schools have special courses for sports while other schools do not provide any of the kind. Do you think schools should have sports lessons and why do you think so? AB： A 有道理，B 也有道理2007 年 2 月 3 日Some people believe that indiv
44、iduals cannot improve environment, but only governments and big companies can make a difference. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 因果：前因成立，后果不必然2007 年 2 月 10 日Maintaining public libraries is a waste of money since the computer technology is so advanced that the Internet and computer can repla
45、ce their function. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 三大逻辑命题切题结构练习2007 年 6 月 16 日In many countries traditional foods are being replaced by international fast foods. People think there is a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2007 年 6 月 16 日(
46、G) There is a number of people think that watching TV would be good for childrens development while others disagree. What is your opinion? 2007 年 7 月 14 日Lectures have been used to teach large number of students. Now as the advanced technologies are available for education, some people believe that
47、technologies can replace lectures as the main way to teach large number of students. Do you agree or disagree? 2007 年 10 月 6 日Todays children are living under more pressure from the society than children in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?2007 年 6 月 9 日Some people
48、 claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 1-2 min1-2 min1-2 min5-6min2007 年 5 月 19(G) Nowadays many young people do not like their majors. Therefore some people say students studying majors that dont like is a waste of time. Do you agree or disagree?作业：本课所学三类题目的切题练习（06 年学术类真题）
