1、1八年级英语课堂笔记 8A Unit 31. climb the hill 爬山climb (up)爬 climb up the Great Wall 爬长城 climb into the bed 爬上床 climb through the window 从窗户爬出来 climb over the wall 翻越墙 2. need to exercise and keep fit 需要锻炼来保持健康 keep fit, keep healthy, stay healthy 保持健康keep sb + adj: keep us healthy keep sb + doing: keep work
2、ers working need 作名词时，构成短语 in need。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用 need doing 或 need to be done。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 We should help people in need. He needs to study hard. A lot of homework needs finishing.A lot of homework needs to be finished. exercise n/v do morning /eye exerci
3、ses. 做锻炼 ：do exercise 做练习：do exercises他每天锻炼。He does exercise every day. / He exercises every day. 3. come on (命令句)快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；这边来吧 Come on! Well be late for school.快点！我们上学要迟到了。 4. Lets enjoy ourselves! enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快，反身代词与主语保持一致。 Lets do sth, shall we? 除此以外的祈使句,无论是肯定式还是否定式,
4、附加疑问部分一律用 will you.e.g. Dont be late again, will you? Open the door, will you? Let us go home, will you? 5. take a boat trip 乘船旅行，go past the Opera House 经过悉尼歌剧院 6. sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine 坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里 coffee house 咖啡店；茶馆， coffee shop 咖啡店 by在旁边(比 near 近) Come and warm yourse
5、lf by the fire.过来烤烤火。 7. take care 保重；当心，小心 take (good) care oflook afterwell (好好)照顾 look out 当心look out of 向外看 be careful 小心be careful of/with珍视；注意 Please be careful of your health. 请注意你的健康。 8. a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees 介词短语 with a big garden and many trees 作后置定语，修饰名词 a
6、beautiful building。 9. foreign country 外国，a foreign language 一门外语 10. have a wonderful/great/good time 玩得高兴;过得愉快 have a wonderful/great/good time + doing 11. interesting placesplaces of interest 有趣的地方；名胜 (注意此处的 interest 无复数) 这里 interest 解释为“令人感兴趣的事或人”。interest 还表示“兴趣” ，常用的短语有：show/have interest in s
7、th 对某事感兴趣，show/have interest in doing sth 对做某事感兴趣 Daniel shows/has great interest in computers. Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page. 12. invite me to join their school trip to the World Park 邀请我参加她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行 invite sb to邀请某人去某地 sb be invited to某人应邀去某地， Millie invited me t
8、o her birthday party. I was invited to Millies birthday party. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事sb be invited to do sth 某人应邀做某事， 2We should invite more people to take part in the charity show. More people should be invited to take part in the charity show. join 参加，加入某组织，如政党、社会团体等。join sb , join sb in sth
9、指和某人一起做某事。join intake part in参加某活动， attend 出席。试比较： He joined the tennis club. The man joined the army at the age of 19. He joined in the game. Did you take part in your school sports meeting? Were going to plant trees. Will you join us? He joined us in the game. 13. at the beginning 开始；起初 at the beg
10、inningin the beginningat firstat the start 开始；起初 at last, finally, in the end 后来；最后；终于，与上述短语“开始，起初”意思相反。 at the beginning of在之初 (后接时间)at the end of在末尾，在的尽头(后接时间或地点) 注意：没有 in the beginning of, in the end of from beginning to end 自始至终；从头到尾。 注意：该短语不含定冠词 the。 begin with start with 先做；以开始 e.g. Lets begin
11、 with Exercise 1. 表示“启程”、机器的“ 启动 ”只能用 start。Lets start at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow. Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 14. at the school gate 在学校大门口 at 表示在较小的地方，如：at the theatre 在剧院，at the party 在聚会上，at the airport 在机场，at the bus stop 在公交站台， at the crossing, at the crossroads 在十字路口 15. get on a coach 上
12、长途汽车 get on/get off上/下(车/船等)，e.g. get on/get off the plane 上/下飞机 16. a lot of trafficheavy trafficbusy traffic 交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 17. one / it / that (those)的区别Your coat is very nice. I will buy _one_ tomorrow.The weather in Beijing is colder than _that_ in Changzhou.People in China are more friendly
13、 than _those_ in the UK.I only have one copy of newspaper, do you want _it_?One 是指同类不同物，指代前面出现的单数名词，复数用 ones；it 指同类同物；that 或 those用于比较级中。试翻译：The pyramids look like the real ones.18. whole ：the whole world= all the world the whole day = all day 19. arrive at the World Park 到达世界公园 “到达”有三种表达， get to某地，
14、arrive at 小地方，arrive in大地方，reach某地。get to， arrive at/in 后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有 here, there, home。如： get/arrive here/there/home 到这里/ 到那里/到家。 20. be made of metal 由金属制成 be made of由制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。 The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。 be made from由制成，表示从成品上已经看不出原材料 ,化学变化。 Wine is made of grapes
15、. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 be made up of由组成，由 构成，指各个部分组成整体。 Our class is made up of 54 students. 我们班由 54 名学生组成。 be made in在某地制造 NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing. 321. not any more 再也不no more，no more, no longer 用于 be 动词后、行为动词前 not any moreno more再也不(表示程度、数量上的不再) not any longerno longer不再(表示时间上的不再延续) e.g. Wh
16、en the baby saw his mother, he did not cry any more. After having some bread, she was no longer hungry. more and more越来越；越来越多 more or less 几乎；差不多 what is more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 e.g. Ive more or less finished reading the book. 我差不多已经读完这本书。 Youre wrong, and what is more you know it. 你错了！而且你明明知道你错了！ 22. the
17、song and dance shows 歌舞巡游，join in the dancing 加入舞蹈行列 23. on the Internet 在因特网上 on the computer 在电脑上，on the screen 在屏幕上，on TV 在电视上 24. teach himself how to make a home page 自学制作网页 teach oneselflearnby oneself 自学，疑问词带 to 的动词不定式。 25. go and see for yourself 亲自去看看 for oneself 亲自，by oneselfon ones ownalo
18、ne 独自；单独 Did she find it out for herself? Yes. She did it all by herself. 26. travel from one place to another 从一个地方到另一地方旅行 from one place to another 相当于 from place to place类似的有：from one country to anotherfrom country to country。 fromto another 中的 another 不能用 other 代替。 fromto中的名词前不能用冠词 a/an/the，名词不能
19、用复数。 from beginning to end 自始至终，from head to foot 从头到脚 from morning to night 27. take a look at看一看 have/take a look 看一看，只强调看的动作； have/take a look at看一看 I took a lot of photos in Shenzhen. May I have/take a look at them? Take a look at the things (people used in the past). 括号内的句子是定语从句。 28. in the pas
20、t 过去，at present 现在，in the future 将来；未来 (注意介词 in/at 和冠词的搭配) 29. walk slowly around the big lake and feel the beauty of the old park in the Summer palace 在颐和园里环湖漫步，感受这座古老公园的美丽 beauty n. 美；美丽 e.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.美的事物永远令人喜爱。( 语出约翰济慈 John Keats英国文坛巨星、著名诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名) 美人；美丽的事物，She was a
21、 beauty in her day. around 围绕；环绕show sb around. 带领某人参观某地 The guide showed us around the Xuanwu Lake Park. The earth travels around the sun. 30. Which city do you want to go to? 该句的疑问词 which 作 go to 的宾语，不能使用 where。例如该句可以回答为 I want to go to Paris/Washington/London. 试比较： Where does he live? Which flat
22、does he live in? 31. travel by underground 坐地铁 by underground 乘坐地铁，by交通工具，是介词短语，此时 by 后无介词。类似的有：by bus/train/plane/underground 乘坐公共汽车 /火车/ 飞机/地铁。表示“乘坐某交通工具去某地”通常有两种表达：go to sp bytake the to。4例如：坐地铁去市中心：go to the centre of the city by undergroundtake the underground to the centre of the city。另外，“乘坐飞机
23、去某地”有三种形式：go toby planetake the plane tofly to(飞往 ) 32. learn more about old Beijing 更多地了解老北京 33. great fun 很有趣 fun 名词 娱乐，嬉戏 e.g. He is full of fun.他很有趣。有趣的人或事 We had a lot of fun at the party.在聚会上我们玩得很高兴。It is fun to play cards.玩牌很有趣。(不加 a) for fun 闹着玩的， e.g. I have said it just for fun.我是说着玩的。 mak
24、e fun of嘲弄 e.g. They made fun of him. 34. go horse riding 去骑马，e.g. You can go horse riding in Inner Mongolia. 35. keep their secret to themselves 保守着他们的这个秘密 keep sth to oneself 不将某事说出去 e.g. She always keeps her ideas to herself. The problem of stress gets worse when people keep their worries to them
25、selves. keep secrets for sb 为某人保密， e.g. Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me. keep secrets from sb 对某人保密36. at the front of the bus 在公交车的前部 at/in the front of在的前部 in front of“在的前面”，主要指一物体在另一物体的前面，两者是分开的，反义词是behind，“在的后面” ；而 at/in the front of 则指一物体中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面部分，即两者是包容的，the front 是某物的
26、不可分割的组成部分； at/in the front of 的反义词是 at the back of在某物的后面部分；而 before 是“在的面前” 。 The introduction is always in/at the front of the book.序言总是置于卷首。 She sat in/at the front of the bus to get a good view of the country. Many people took photos (在前面) the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The robber was taken (在面前) the
27、 policeman. 37. in the final of the basketball competition 在篮球赛决赛中 in the first half of the在的上半场比赛中，in the second half of the在的下半场比赛中，in the final of the在的决赛中，half-time 中场休息，presentation of cup and medals 颁发奖杯和奖牌仪式，gold medal 金牌，silver medal 银牌，bronze medal 铜牌。 注意：赢得/获得金牌：win a gold medal 38. take p
28、lace 发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。 发生The dialogue took place at a tailors shop. Great changes have taken place in China since 1989. 注意：happen 是“偶然发生” e.g. What happened to him last night? 举行be held，e.g. The wedding of Michael and Stella will take place next Sunday. take the place of取代/代替 ，take ones
29、 place 取代/ 代替某人 Here is a toy plane to take the place of the one you lost. My sister is ill, and Ive come to take her place. Now plastics (塑料 ) can take the place of steel in many ways in life. 39. go back to my school 回到我的学校 go back toreturn to 回到e.g. Hong and Macao have returned to China. 40. a fu
30、n place to visit 动词不定式作后置定语，这里的 fun 是形容词，意为“有趣的”。 41. the plan for today 当天的计划 plan n.计划 v.计划 5make a plan 制订计划，make a/the plan for制订的计划，plan to do sth 计划做某事 e.g. make a plan for the coming summer holiday 42. change to the bus 换乘公共汽车 change v.，“ 交换” ，与复数宾语连用 Can we change seats? change 名词， 变化(可数名词 )
31、 e.g. great changes 巨变 找给的零钱 “Dont forget your change!” said the cashier. 43. take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum 乘公共汽车直达故宫 44. make it a really fun day for everyone 使每个人度过真正有趣的一天 45. let me know as soon as possible.let sb know as soon as possible 尽快通知某人 46. luck n.运气，常用于 Good luck to sb.祝
32、某人好运。Good luck with sth.某事好运。 lucklucky adj.幸运的，e.g. a lucky dog 幸运儿; luckyluckily 幸好,幸运地,幸运的是,常用于句首。Her handbag was stolen on her way back home. (luck), she hadnt put her keys in it. 47. support v.&n.支持；养活e.g. have a lot of support from sb 得到某人的大力支持 Mark has a big family to support.马克养活一大家人。with on
33、es support 在某人的支持下 supportsupporter 支持者；拥护者 e.g. Im a Yao Ming supporter.我是姚明的球迷。 48. instead adv. 代替 e.g. Theres nothing at the cinema. Lets go to the Internet bar instead. instead of名词/代词/动名词 /介词短语，代替 e.g. Can I come at 9:00 instead of 8:00? 49. real/true 词语辨析 real 和 true 的主要含义不同， real 指确实存在、非相像的；
34、true 表示与事实相符、真实、非杜撰的。e.g. Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真实还是梦幻？ Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗？ a movie based on a true story 取材于真实故事的电影 50. movement n. 运动；行进；走动e.g. There was a sudden movement in the bushes. 灌木丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。the womens/peace movement 妇女/和平运动 51. ticket 票；券；入场券 a bus/theatre/plane tick
35、et 公共汽车票 /戏票/机票，Tickets are available from Arts Centre at ￥50. 艺术中心有票，每张 50 元。 a ticket for票, free tickets for the show 演出的免费入场券 a ticket office 售票处，a ticket machine 自动售票机，a ticket collector 收票员 52. win (在比赛、赛跑、战斗中) 获胜,赢,后接宾语为比赛、赛跑、战斗等，不能接人作宾语反义词 lose。winner 获胜者。beat(在比赛或竞争中)赢、打败(某人)，后接的宾语是人或团体。 Fra
36、nce won the World Cup in 1998, but lost in 2002. Congratulations! You win! He beat me at chess. Their recent wins have proved theyre still the ones to beat. 53. cheer vi.欢呼；喝彩； cheer for为欢呼cheerful 高兴的；兴高采烈的， Cheering crowds greeted their arrival. We all cheered for our football team as they came on
37、 the field. The crowd cheered the President when he drove slowly by. He felt cheerful and full of energy.他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。 cheers (用于祝酒)干杯，常用作 Cheers! (英口)再见，如： Cheers then. See you later. 54. wonder 奇迹 e.g. Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the world. 想知道，常用于 wonder if/whether, wonder wh-
38、从句 e.g. 6I wonder if you can help me. Linda wonders where Simon is hiding. 55.The trip from Kittys school to the world took about two hours by coach. Sth takes sb some time by.乘坐某交通工具需要时间。The journey from Taipei to Beijing takes three hours by plane. 56. It was interesting to see models of so many p
39、laces of interest from all over the world. It beadj.(for sb)to do sth. It 是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，因为动词不定式短语往往太长，为了避免头重脚轻，因此使用这种句型。 It is necessary for them to work hard from now on. 57. The cost is about ￥50 per person. 每个人的费用大约是 50 元。 cost 动词，表示“ 某物的价值为” 用 Sth cost sb some money. Tickets cost ten dollars
40、each.每张票价为 10 美元。 costthe money that you spend on something 名词，“费用”。e.g. the cost of the trip 旅行的费用，the cost of living 生活费用58.反身代词的常见考法：help yourself / yourselves to sth 请随便吃点.make yourself/ yourselves at home.say to oneself 自言自语 think of oneself 考虑自己teach oneself sth 自学某东西 teach oneself to do 自学做某事teach oneself how to do 自学如何做某事 learn (to do) sth by oneself 自学（做）某事by oneself = alone = on ones own 独自 for oneself 亲自 hurt oneself 伤了某人自己
