1、中译英：一.1.金融管理是商业管理的重要方面之一，没有合适的金融计划企业是不可能成功的。Finance is one of the most important aspects of business management. Without proper financial planning a new enterprise is unlikely to be successful.2.金融中介机构的基本宗旨是把不受公众欢迎的金融资产转变为他们能够接受的金融资产。Financial intermediaries play the basic role of transforming finan
2、cial assets that less desirable for a large part of the public into other financial assets-their own liabilities-which are more widely preferred by the public. 3.企业经营是有风险的，因而，财务经理必须对风险进行评估和管理。Businesses are inherently risky, so the financial manager has to identify risks and make sure they are manag
3、ed properly.4.投资决策首先是指投资机会，常常指资本投资项目。The investment decision stars with the identification of investment opportunities, often referred to as capital investment projects. 5.现金预算常常被用来评估企业是否有足够的现金来维持企业的日常经营运转和（或）是否有太多现金富裕。Cash budgets are often used to assess whether the entity has sufficient cash to f
4、ulfill regular operations and/or whether too much cash is being left in unproductive capacities. 6.按照金融学的观点，资本就是企业购买商品以生产其它商品或提供服务的货币资金。Capital, in the financial sense, is the money that gives the business the power to buy goods to be used in the production of other goods or the offering of a servic
5、e.四.1.商业银行应积极开展电话银行转账功能风险评估和分类，依据收款账户的潜在风险高低，相应设置不同的转账额度和次数限制。A commercial bank shall actively conduct the risk assessment and classification of the telephone banking transfer functions, and set different limits on the transfer amount and times according to the degree of potential risks on the recip
6、ient account.2.商业银行相对其他行业属于信息化程度较高的行业，银行数据库里积累了海量的客户信息Commercial banks have gained more information and have large scale of data. 3.商业银行的管理人员在分析客户的贷款申请时必须考虑许多因素。Managers in Commercial banks have to consider many factors in analyzing a customers loan request.4.除中国银行外，交通银行、农业银行、工商银行、建设银行在城乡也都设立了许多的机构，
7、便于你获得金融服务。Besides the Bank of China, the Communication Bank, Agricultural Bank, Industrial and Commercial Bank, Construction Bank also have created many branches in a city or town, and that makes easier for you to get financial services.5.定期存款也叫 CD，是存款证书的一种类型。A certificate of deposit, also called a
8、CD, is a type of savings certificate.6.商业银行作为一家金融机构，其业务范围包括：从个人和公司吸收存款；通过提供贷款和其他对客户的财务或生意的运转很重要的金融业务来建立信贷，包括资金转账、支票兑现、银行保管箱等。A commercial bank is an financial institution established to: accept deposits from individuals and businesses; originate credit by providing loans and offering other financial
9、 services essential to the running of a customers financial or business affairs, including fund transfers, check cashing, safe deposit boxes, etc.六.1.外汇交易市场，也称为“Forex“或“FX“市场，是世界上最大的金融市场，平均每天超过 1 兆美元的资金在当中周转 - 相当于美国所有证券市场交易总和的 30 倍。The Foreign Exchange Market, called by “Forex“ market or FX market,
10、is the biggest financial market in the world with trading volumes surpassing USD 1 trillion average one-day, it is as big as 30 times of stock market.2.“外汇交易“是同时买入一对货币组合中的一种货币而卖出另外一种货币。外汇是以货币对形式交易，例如欧元/美元(EUR/USD)或美元/日元(USD/JPY)。“Foreign exchange” is to buy one currency and sell another in currency
11、pair at the same time. The trading form of foreign currency is the currency pair, for example EUR/USD OR USD/JPY. 3.外汇交易市场是一个 24 小时全球交易市场，市场交易每天从悉尼开始，并且随着地球的转动，全球每个金融中心的营业日将依次开始 , 首先是东京，然后伦敦，和纽约。Foreign exchange market is worldwide market where operating 24 hours a day, the market trading starts fro
12、m Sydney, turning around the earth , the business day of every financial center in the world will star to trade in turn, then is Tokyo, next is London, and New York. 4.外汇交易投资者可以对无论是白天或者晚上发生的经济，社会和政治事件而导致的外汇波动而随时反应。Investors of FX may make decisions base on the fluctuation of foreign currency price l
13、eaded by economics, society and political events no matter happens in day time or night. 5.外汇交易市场是一个超柜台 ( OTC ) 或“ 银行内部 ”交易市场，因为事实上外汇交易是交易双方通过电话或者一个电子交易网络而达成的，外汇交易不象股票和期货交易市场那样，不是集中在某一个交易所里进行的。The foreign exchange market is Over the Counter (OTC) or interbank market because foreign currency is trade
14、d through phone or electronic trading net in fact, the trading of foreign currency does not like stock trade, it is not intensive trading in exchange center. 6.在外汇交易中，您会看到一个两边的报价，由买价与卖价组成，买价是在此价格上您拟卖掉基础货币（同时买进相反货币）。卖价是这个价格，在此价格上您可以买进基准货币时卖掉相反货币。You will see the price board consisted of bid price and
15、 ask price in trading of foreign currency, bid price is the price you sell your base currency (at the same time buy reverse currency). Ask price is the price you buy base currency and sell reverse currency. 七.1.企业融资是指企业在发展扩张中筹集所需资金的行为。Business financing is an action of raising money when firms exten
16、d business and development 2.企业融资是为了满足企业战略调整、产业扩张、现金周转等方面的需要。Business financing is to meet the requirement of strategy adjustment, industry extending, and turnover of cash and so on. 3.企业通过融资行为改变资本结构，使资金得以形成、集中、积累、组合，同时形成相应的产权关系和权利、责任、利益格局。The capital structure of the firm will be changed through ra
17、ising money, the capital will be formed in the form of centralization, accumulation, combination, and at the same time relative property right relations and pattern of benefit, duty and right will be formed. 4.内部融资的来源公司的自有资金，以及在生产经营过程中的资金积累部分,在公司内部通过计提折旧而形成现金，或通过留用利润等增加公司资本。The resource of internal
18、financing comes from companys internal fund, the part of fund accumulation of producing and operating, cash from depreciation, or capital from remaining earning. 5.债权性融资主要有向金融机构贷款和发行企业债券两种形式。The two majority forms about debit financing are lending money from financial institutes and issuing company
19、bond. 6.目前国内企业在进行投资时采用的融资方式有股权性融资、债权性融资等。Presently financing methods used by domestic enterprises when investing are equity financing and debit financing, etc. 九.1.组合投资原则，即将风险资金按一定比例投向不同行业、不同企业（项目），或联合几个风险投资公司共同向一家企业投资。The principle of portfolio investment is that the venture capital is invested int
20、o different industries and different projects, or make a cooperation with other investing companies to invest a company. 2.风险投资主体多元化原则,在美国，风险资金来源相当广泛，既有政府、财团法人的资金，也有来自大众游资、民间企业和海外的投资，还有养老保险基金的积极参与。The principle of diversification of venture capital, in American, the resource of venture capital is qu
21、ite widespread, it comes from government, financial institutes, and it can come from privates, private firms and oversea investment, and pension fund joint venture capital too. 3.创业投资是由专业投资者投入到新兴的、迅速发展的、有巨大竞争潜力的企业中的一种股权性资本。Venture investment is an equity capital which professional investors invest t
22、o a new, developing rapidly and more competitive firm.4.随着社会经济的快速发展，如何投资、如何理财已经成为商业人士关注的焦点。With society economy high-speed development, how to invest and finance is the focal point which business men focus on.5.创业投资以其谋求长期资本收益、分散投资及专业化管理的特点适应了高新技术产业的资金需求，以其特别的投资方式、合同方式和组织架构部分地解决了信息不对称和激励约束不当所带来的问题.Ve
23、nture capital is looking for long term capital return, the characteristic of diversification of investment and professional management adapts capital requirements of high-new technical industry, special investing model of venture capital, contract model and frame of organization solve problems of in
24、formation asymmetry and incentive and restraint mechanisms flaw in partly. 6.投资者可把目光聚焦到正在发售的银行保本基金上，这种在国际市场上大受欢迎的新型理财品种不但能够提供银行储蓄般的安全感，而且可以利用此次利率上升的机会创造更高的收益；同时，加息导致债券价格下跌，实际上提高了即将入市的银行保本基金的债券投资收益率。Investors may focus on guaranteed fund issued by bank, it is new style of financing product which is w
25、elcomed in the international market, it is not only shows the safety like bank deposit, but also make higher return with the interest rate arise, at the same time, rising interest rates will lead to fall of the bond price, and make higher return of guaranteed fund which will be issued by banks. 十.1.
26、债券买卖是指交易双方以约定的价格买卖一定金额的债券并在规定的清算时间内办理债券款交割的交易方式。Security trading is a trading model that both of seller and buyer sign a contract with the confirmed bond price and number, during settlement both of seller and buyer make a delivery. 2.债券回购是指交易双方进行的以债券为权利质押的一种短期资金融通业务。资金融入方（正回购方）在将债券卖给资金融出方（逆回购方）以融入资金
27、的同时，双方约定在将来某一日期由正回购方按约定回购利率计算的金额向逆回购方买回相等数量的同品种债券的交易行为。Redeem of security is a short term financing business that both of issuer and holder of bond takes bond as right pledge, when the borrower of fund (positive redeemer) sells bond to lender of fund (negative redeemer) for financing, both of them s
28、ign a contract in there positive redeemer will redeem the bond that he issued with redeem interest from negative redeemer before maturity of bond. 3.所谓可转换公司债券是指由公司发行的，投资者在一定时期内可选择一定条件转换成公司股票的公司债券，通常称作可转换债券或可转债。这种债券兼具债权和股权双重属性。Convertible bond is security issued by firm which investors have option to
29、 convert bond into firms stock during holding period, the convertible bond consists of two characters of bond and stock. 4.证券交易必需受 SEC 及证券交易所自我约束机制的监管。Security trading must be managed by SEC and self-regulating mechanism of the stock exchange.5.场外交易市场不是一个正式的证券交易所，而是由经纪人和交易商组成的一个非正式的网络，他们通过这一网络协商证券的交
30、易。The over-the-counter market is not official security exchange market, it is unofficial network grouped by dealers and brokers, dealers and brokers exchange securities through the network.6.一级市场上的发行方式也分为两种，公募和私募。The issue model of stock in the primary market can be classified into: public offering
31、and private offering. 十二.1.新股的发行价总是超过面值的，记录在公司帐上的这个差叫附加实缴资本，也叫资本公积。The price at which new shares are sold to inverstors almost always exceeds par value,the difference is entered the companys accounts as additional paid-in capital, or capital surplus.2. 尽管股票这个名字很大众化，但是，大部分人都不是充分了解它。Despite their popu
32、larity, however, most people dont fully understand stocks.3.公司的管理层的主要任务是增加公司股票持有人所持有公司资产的价值。 The management of the company is supposed to increase the value of the firm for shareholders.4.有限责任是股票的一个十分重要的特征，这意味着公司在不能支付它的债务时股票持有者没有负债责任。 An extremely important feature of stock is its limited liability,
33、 which means that, as an owner of a stock, you are not personally liable if the company is not able to pay its debts.5. 理解股票供求关系是容易的，但是理解人们喜欢哪些股票不喜欢哪些股票是苦难的。Understanding supply and demand is easy， What is difficult to comprehend is what makes people like a particular stock and dislike another stock
34、.6. 一些人人为预测股票价格变化是不可能的，而一些人认为通过画图和分析以前的价格变化就能决定买卖时间。Some believe that it isnt possible to predict how stock prices will change, while others think that by drawing charts and looking at past price movements, you can determine when to buy and sell.英译中：一.1. A cash budget is extremely important, especia
35、lly for small businesses, because it allows a company to determine how much credit it can extend to customers before it begins to have liquidity problems.现金预算是十分重要的，特别是对小企业，这是因为它决定了企业可以使用多大的赊销份额而不发生现金困难。2. Financial intermediaries include depository institutions (commercial banks and credit union) w
36、ho acquired the bulk of their funds by offering their liabilities to the public mostly form of deposit. 金融中介机构包括：存款性机构（商业银行和信用合作社）主要通过存款的形式向公众借款，从而获得大部分资金。3. A corporation is a legally distinct from its owners, who are called shareholders or stockholders. 公司在法律上独立于其所有者，即股东。4.Long-term financial plan
37、ning focus on the firms goals, the investment that will be needed to meet those goals, and the financing that must be raised. 长期财务计划是关于企业的长期目标、为实现目标所需要的投资以及因此必须筹集的资金的计划。5.Businesses are classified into nonfinancial and financial businesses. These entities borrow funds in the debt market and raise fu
38、nds in the equity market. 企业可被分成金融企业和非金融企业两类。这些企业在债务市场借款和在权益市场融资。6. Finance is the set of activities dealing with the management of funds. More specifically, it is the decision of collection and use of funds. It is a branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets.金融是涉及到一系列
39、有关资金管理的活动。特别的，它是有关资金使用和筹集的决策。它是经济学的一个研究货币和其它资产管理的分枝。四.1.The risk-based capital requirements imposed on commercial bank and saving and loan associations.对商业银行和存贷款协会实施以风险为基础的资本金要求。2.Who regulates commercial banks and thrifts and types of regulations imposed. 谁来监管商业银行与储蓄机构以及何种方式来进行。3. Banks generate in
40、come in three ways: (1)the bid-ask spread;(2)capital gains on the securities or foreign currency used in transactions, and (3)in the case of securities, the spread between interest income earned by holding the security and cost of funding the purchase of security. 银行可以从三个方面产生收入：（1）买卖差价；（2）证券或外汇交易的资本
41、利益；（3）证券的利息收入和购买证券资金成本之间的价格差异。 4. Several types of deposit accounts are available. Checking accounts pay no interest and can be withdrawn upon demand.存款帐户有好几种，支票帐户不支付利息可以随时提取。5.A certificate of deposit can take a wide variety of forms which are negotiable with the issuing bank. 定期存单可以采取多种多样的形式是可转让的发
42、卡银行。6.Banks that raise most of their funds from the domestic and international money markets, relying less on depositors for funds, are called money center banks.货币中心银行是指较少依赖存款，并在国内或国外货币市场筹集资金的银行。六.1，The foreign exchange market is a place to trade foreign exchange currency, or it is also a place for
43、 the transaction of all foreign currency. 外汇市场是交易外国货币或各国货币的场所. 2.A foreign exchange rate is the relative value between two currencies. In particular, it is the quantity of one currency required to buy or sell one unit of the other currency. 汇率是两种货币间的相对价值, 特别是, 它是买卖一个其它货币单位所代表的本币量值.3.Where U.S. dolla
44、rs are not used to express an exchange rate, the term “cross rate“ is usually used to express the relative values between two currencies.在美元被用来表示汇率的地方,套汇汇率就被用来表示两种货币间的相对价值.4.If an online currency trader wants to survive in the business, he must learn to limit his losses. This is one of the keys to s
45、mart money management. 如果一个网络货币交易者要持续他的交易他必须学习限制损失,这是货币管理的关键点.5.It is safer to get into a currency position in multiple lots than to do it all at once.在多个地点持有外汇头寸比同时持有多个头寸安全. 6.The Forex market itself consists of a worldwide network of primarily interbank traders connected by telephone lines and com
46、puters. FX traders constantly negotiate prices between one another and the resulting market bid/ask price for a particular currency is then fed into computers and displayed on official quote screens.外汇市场本身含有提供给银行交易者通过电话线和计算机连接的全球范围的网络,外汇交易者讨论的汇率价格产生了市场上某种货币的报价和询价并通过计算机系统显示在交易屏幕上.七.1.If you have too
47、much debt, your business may be considered overextended and risky and an unsafe investment.如果你的企业负债比重过高，投资者则会认为企业是扩张过度，对投资者来说是不安全和高风险的。2.Debt financing is attractive because you do not have to sacrifice any ownership interests in your business, interest on the loan is deductible, and the financing c
48、ost is a relatively fixed expense.债务融资对企业权益者是有吸引力的因为债务融资不会牺牲权益者的利益,借款利息可在收益中扣减,财务成本是相对固定费用.3.A corporation is a separate legal entity that can be created only by compliance with state statutes. 公司是一个其所有权与经营权相分离的经济实体（即法人组织）,公司的成立要遵守洲法.4.The partners raise equity funds through their own capital contri
49、butions, by adding a new partner, or by restructuring the relative ownership interests of the existing partners to reflect new contributions.合伙人企业可通过出让合伙人自己的资本份额，或增加合伙人的方式来增加企业资本,或采用对原有合伙人所拥有的相对资本份额进行重组的方式来反映新的资本. 5.Equity financing requires that you sell an ownership interest in the business in exchange for capital.权益融资需要企业所有者出让企业的所有权利益来换取资本.6.The major disadvantage to equity financing is the dilution of your ownership interests and the possible loss of control that may accompany a sharing of ownership with additional investors.权益融资的主要缺点是稀释了所有
