1、第九章 羧酸及其衍生物9.1 用系统命名法命名(如有俗名请注出)或写出结构式a.(CH3)2CHOHb. OHC c.CH3CH=CHOHd.CH3CH2COHBre.CH3CH2CH2COl f.(CH3CH2CH2CO)2 g.CH3 CH2COC2H5h.CH3CH2CH2OCH3i. CONH2j.HOC=COHH k.l.m.N- s.n-r. t.答案:a. 2甲基丙酸 2Methylpropanoic acid (异丁酸 Isobutanoic acid )b. 邻羟基苯甲酸(水杨酸)oHydroxybenzoic acid c. 2丁烯酸 2Butenoic acid d 3溴
2、丁酸 3Bromobutanoic acid e. 丁酰氯 Butanoyl Chloride f. 丁酸酐 Butanoic anhydride g. 丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoate h. 乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate i. 苯甲酰胺 Benzamide j. 顺丁烯二酸 Maleic acid s. CO t.H3CCOk.COCH3CCH3 l.HCOCH(CH3)2 m.CH3CH2CONHC39.2 将下列化合物按酸性增强的顺序排列:a. CH3CH2CHBrCO2H b. CH3CHBrCH2CO2H c. CH3CH2CH2CO2H d. CH3CH2CH2
3、CH2OH e. C6H5OH f. H2CO3 g. Br3CCO2H h. H2O答案:酸性排序 g a b c f e h d9.3 写出下列反应的主要产物a. Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4b. (CH3)2CHO+ COlH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COHLiAlH4d.NCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOH H+e. CH2COHCH2COHBa(OH)2f. CH3COl + CH3AlCl3g. (CH3CO)2+ OHh. CH3CH2COC2H5NaOC2H5i. CH3COC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OHH+j. CH3CH(COH)2k. COH+HCll. 2 +HOCH2C
4、H2OHH+m. COHLiAlH4COHn. HCOH+ OHH+o. CH2CH2COC2H522 25NaOC2H5p. NCONH2OH-q. CH2(COC2H5)2+H2NCONH2答案: a. Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4 COH+ COHCOHb. (CH3)2CHO+ COCH(CH3)2H3CCOlH3Cc.HOCH2CH2COHLiAlH4 HOCH2CH2CH2OHd.NCH2CH2CN+H2ONaOH-OCH2CH2CO- H+HOCH2CH2COHe. CH2COHCH2COHBa(OH)2 Of. CH3COl + CH3AlCl3 CH3COH3+CH3COH3
5、g. (CH3CO)2+ OH OCH3h. CH3CH2COC2H5NaOC2H5CH3CH2COHCOC2H53i. CH3COC2H5+CH3CH2CH2OHH+ CH3COCH2CH2CH3+C2H5OHj. CH3CH(COH)2 CH3CH2COHk. COH+HCl ClCOH+ CO2l. 2 +HOCH2CH2OHH+ COCH2CH2OCm. COHLiAlH4 CH2OHCOHn. HCOH+ OH HCOH+o. CH2CH2COC2H522 25NaOC2H5 OCOC2H5p. NCONH2OH- -NCO+NH3q. CH2(COC2H5)2+H2NCONH2 H
6、NNHOOO9.4 用简单化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物:a.COH CH2COH2 b. COHOCH3 OHCOCH3c.(CH3)2CH=CHOH COHd. CHCH3 OHCOH3 OHOHCH=CH2答案:a. KmnO4 b. FeCl3 c. Br2 or KmnO4 d. FeCl 3 2,4-二硝基苯肼或 I2 / NaOH9.5 完成下列转化:a. O COHOHb. CH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH2CH2COHc. (CH3)2CHO(CH3)2CCOHOHd. CH3CH3 OOOOe. (CH3)2C=H2 (CH3)COHf. COHBrg. HCCH CH3CO
7、C2H5h. O Oi.CH3CH2COH CH3CH2CH2CH2COHj. CH3COH CH2(COC2H5)2k. OOO CH2CONH4CH2CONH2l. CO2CH3OH COHOCH3m. CH3CH2COH CH3CH2COn. CH3CH(OC2H5)2 CH3CH2COH答案: a. O CNOHH+ COHOHb. CH3CH2CH2BrCN- CH3CH2CH2CNH+CH3CH2CH2COHc. (CH3)2CHOCrO3.(Py)2(CH3)2CO (CH3)2CCNOHH+(CH3)2CCOHOHd. CH3CH3 KMnO4 COHCOHCOHCOHBa(O
8、H)2 OOOOOe. (CH3)2C=H2HBr (CH3)CBr MgEt2O(CH3)CMgBrCO2H+ /H2O(CH3)COHf. CH3BrAll3 CH3KMnO4 COHBr2Fe COHBrg. HCCHH2OH+Hg2+, CH3CHOKMnO4CH3COHCH3CH2OHH+ CH3COC2H5HCN 2OHCN1)2)2O2Oh. OHNO3HOC(H2)4COH Oi.CH3CH2COHLiAlH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrMgEt2OCH3CH2CH2MgBrOH+CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OHKMnO4CH3CH2CH2CH2COHC
9、3COH2COC2H5EtONaCH3CH2CH2BrCH3COCH2CH2CH3O25OH-CH3(CH2)3COHj. CH3COHCl2PCH2COHl CN- CH2COHNEtOH+, CH2(COC2H5)2k. OOONH3 CH2CONH4CH2CONH2l. CO2CH3OHH+2O COHOH(CH3CO)2 COHOCH3m. CH3CH2COHSOCl2CH3CH2COl OHCH3CH2COn. CH3CH(OC2H5)2 OH-H+ CH3CH2COH1)2) H3O+1)3)9.6 怎样将己醇、己酸和对甲苯酚的混合物分离得到各种纯的组分?答案: ABCNaHCO3
10、HCl BNaOHAHClC9.7 写出分子式为 C5H6O4 的不饱和二元羧酸的各种异构体。如有几何异构,以 Z,E 标明,并指出哪个容易形成酐。答案:COHCOHCOHCOHCOH COHOC OCCOHHCH3 CH2COHOC(Z)易成酐 (E) 不易 (Z) 易成酐 (E) 不易成酐9.8 化合物 A,分子式为 C4H6O4,加热后得到分子式为 C4H4O3 的 B,将 A 与过量甲醇及少量硫酸一起加热得分子式为 C6H10O4 的。B 与过量甲醇作用也得到 C。A 与 LiAlH4 作用后得分子式为 C4H10O2 的 D。写出 A,B ,C,D 的结构式以及它们相互转化的反应式。答案:A. CH2COHCH2COH B. OOO C. H2C2COH3OCH3 D.CH2CH2OHCH2CH2OH