1、61考研英语新题型全真试题（2005-2008）2005Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on AN
2、SWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Canadas premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.Theyre all groaning about soaring health budge
3、ts, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. _What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care - to say nothing of reports from other experts - recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of
4、 approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. _But “national” doesnt have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial - provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one be
5、nefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province - or a series of hospitals within a province - negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all
6、provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. _A small step has been taken in the dir
7、ection of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to jo
8、in.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. Thats one reason why the idea of a national list hasnt gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.
9、44. _Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanows report selectively, especially the parts 62about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasin
10、g cost of drugs.”45. _So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.A Quebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the fi
11、rst advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebecs Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!B Or they could read Mr. Kirbys report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the publ
12、ic prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”C What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.D The problem is simple and stark
13、: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.E According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being
14、 used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.F So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication,
15、 save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.G Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to ano
16、ther. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldnt like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.632006Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Qu
17、estions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams,
18、52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, los
19、t the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the users gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electron
20、ic morphine.(41) _. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it
21、 should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williamss got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williamss gambling problems. The casino included a photo of Wil
22、liams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patroniz
23、ing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) _.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun. and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Menta
24、l Health. Nevertheless, Williamss suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) _.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pat
25、hological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) _. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personali
26、ty disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) _.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to 64varying degrees dependent on - you might say addicted to - revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for ga
27、mblers dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Webs most profitable business.A Although no such evidence wa
28、s presented, the casinos marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.B It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?C By the time he had lost $5,0
29、00 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.D Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important
30、and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.E David Williamss suit should trouble this gambling nation. But dont bet on it.F It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as we
31、akness of will.G The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?652007Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences h
32、ave been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids Work
33、SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early
34、 adulthood for their kids. Even if a jobs starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adults need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life
35、 Comes, that parents can take to prevent what call “work-life unreadiness.”大 41家 http:/www.TopSF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreYou can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like
36、 difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大 42家 http:/www.TopSD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisKids need a range of authentic role models as opposed to memb
37、ers of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to
38、do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大 43家 http:/www.TopSB. Build Your Kids Work SkillsTeachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible fo
39、r teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective 66organizational skills, such as managing time and setting prioriti
40、es.大 44家 http:/www.TopSC. Place Time Limits n Leisure ActivitiesPlaying video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats
41、for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大
42、45家 http:/www.TopSE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesThey should know how to deal with setbacks, stress and feeling of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these th
43、ings and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across a
44、s disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respecte
45、d and supported by a family that appreciates them.672008Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the g
46、aps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, and stand up, or lie down to write. (41) _
47、.Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) _Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying.
48、 Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) _Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and ,if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.It you are working
49、on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) _ .These printouts also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on pape
