1、Production engineering experimentTeacher： Zhan Yongping中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心contentsVertical Pipe Flow ExperimentPump Efficiency ExperimentFracture Conductivity Experiment中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心1 Vertical Pipe Flow Experiment(1) Observe various flow regimes in the vertical pipe and master the identifica
2、tion method of each flow regime;(2) Verify the pressure drop model of multiphase flow in vertical pipe ;(3) Understand the principle of flowing well and gas lift.Experimental PurposesWhen the wellhead pressure is higher than the bubble point pressure, the flow in the well will be single-phase. When
3、the bottomhole pressure is lower than the bubble point pressure, the flow will be two-phase in the entire pipe. During the flow, most of the total pressure losses in oil production system are consumed to overcome the elevation losses and friction losses of the mixture flow. The kinetic energy (accel
4、eration) losses can only be considered when the flow rate of the two phase is high enough (such as spray flow). In the vertical wellbore, most of the bottomhole pressure are consumed to overcome the gravity of the liquid column. The total pressure loss in wellbore can be expressed:Experimental princ
5、iple中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心1 Vertical Pipe Flow ExperimentWhere: gravity pressure drop; frictional pressure drop; acceleration pressure drop.The possible flow regime in wellbore from the bottomhole to the wellhead may include: pure oil flow, bubble flow, slug flow, circular flow and spray flow.中国石油大学 (
6、华东 )石油工程实验中心Experimental apparatus1 Vertical Pipe Flow Experiment(1) Instruments and equipment: flowing well simulator, air compressor, centrifugal pump, second counter, etc.;(2) Experimental medium: air and water;(3) Experimental process (showed in Figure 1)Fig1 Schametatic of Vertical Pipe Flow Ex
7、periment Laboratory instruments Photos中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心Experimental steps1 Vertical Pipe Flow Experiment(1) Check the state of the flowing well simulators valves and ensure that all valves are closed.Check the liquid level of the buffer tank. If the liquid level is lower than the 3/4 height of th
8、e buffer tank, the inlet valve should be opened and the tank will be filled to reach a suitable level(3/4 height of the buffer tank);(2) Open the gas loop valve and ensure the flow path in a connected state, then open the air compressor and supply gas to the system;(3) Adjust the valuator of buffer
9、tank to ensure its pressure do not exceeding 0.10MPag. Open the pressure valve of buffer tank and then open the valve after the pressure stabilized, supply liquid to the system;(4) Now, the liquid and gas are fed to the system at the same time. When the liquid level reaches to the wellhead, change t
10、he opening size of the gas valve and observe various flow regimes appeared in the pipe, then adjust to the desired flow regime and begin to measure parameters after steady ;(5) Press the “reset” button of flow totalizer, and start the second counter at the same time, observe the indicator of bottom
11、pressure and gas rotameter. When the time up to 10 seconds, record bottomhole flow pressure, gas flow rate, liquid flow rate and accumulated time;中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心1 Vertical Pipe Flow Experiment(6) Change the flow rate, repeat steps 4-5 and record each data; requiring to record 5 set of data for
12、slug flow and bubble flow.(7) End the experiment. Close the fluid loop at first, then close the air compressor and the power supply. After the gas be evacuated completely, close all the valves on the panel. Clean the experimental devices and end the experiment.Attentions(1) Do not step on the pipes;
13、(2) Pay attention to the liquid levelwhen operating the flowing well simulator,do not make it empty or overflow;(3) The recoreded value of the rotameter and pressure gauge sholud be the average value within the measuring time;(4) Pay attention to the units of rotameter and flow totalizer.(5) Be care
14、ful to operate the reset button of the flow totalizer. 中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心2 Pump Efficiency Experiment(1) Observe the composition and work process of the pumping unit and pump.(2) Master the measuring and calculating method of the pump efficiency.(3) Observe the realationship between pump efficienc
15、y and gas rate.(4) Observe the degasing effectiveness of the gas anchor.(5) Understand the measuring and analysising method of dynamometer diagram.Experimental purposePump efficiency is a significant parameter for analyzing the work condition of pumping unit. According to the energy equation of gas-
16、liquid mixture flowing through the pump and the law of coservation of energy,the pump efficiency can be analyzed.Experimental principlewhere, pumps actual displacementpumps theoretical displacementpump efficiencyWhere, D pump diameter ；S stroke ； n pumping speed中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心2 Pump Efficiency
17、ExperimentExperimental equipments and materials(1) Experimental equipments: beam pumping unit, pump, air compressor, air rate setter, rotameter, liquid bottle, second counter,etc.(2) Experimental medium: air and water.Laboratory instruments Photos中国石油大学 (华东 )石油工程实验中心2 Pump Efficiency Experiment(1) R
18、ecord the pump diameter(2) Move the holder to ensure the centerline of pump barrel is in alignment with the horsehead, check the air inlet pipe and liquid inlet pipe of the pump barrel to ensure whether the flow path is unblocked or not.(3) Turn the belt roller with hands to drive horsehead move up
19、and down, record the plunger stroke(4) Turn on the power supply of pumping unit and measure the plunger stroke(5) Record the actual fluid volume at the pipe outlet with volumetric cylinder and second counter, repeated 3 times.(6) Turn on the power supply of air compressor, adjust the air rate setter
20、 and keep the entered gas rate at 0.2L/min. When the produced fluid is in stable, then record the pump discharge for three times(7) Turn on the power supply of air compressor, adjust the air rate setter and keep the entered gas rate at 0.8L/min. When the produced fluid is in stable, then record the pump discharge for three times(8) Turn on the power supply of air compressor, adjust the air rate setter and keep the entered gas rate at 1.6L/min. When the produced fluid is in stable, then record the pump discharge for three timesExperimental steps
