1、1硕士学位论文(20 届)公 司 慈 善 捐 赠 法 律 问 题 研 究姓 名学 科 、 专 业 经 济 法 学 ( 全 日 制 法 学 硕 士 )研 究 方 向 公 司 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2公 司 慈 善 捐 赠 法 律 问 题 研 究(硕士论文摘要)公司慈善捐赠的历史迄今已近 200 年,其矛盾斗争突出表现在如何界定公司责任上。传统社会下,公司慈善捐赠仅仅表现为对成功的企业家成为个人慈善家的社会期望,直到公司社会责任、公司公民理念出现。在经济全球化的背景下,公司慈善捐赠迅速影响我国。但由于我国公司制度建立较晚,很多方面还有待进一步健全。我国现行法律目前对于公司慈善捐赠尚无具体安排
2、。公司法要求公司承担社会责任的规定是我国公司慈善捐赠的唯一法律依据,为我国公司慈善捐赠提供了正当性。但是我国公司慈善捐赠的法律机制仍然不明晰,公司慈善捐赠行为在公司内部以及社会上引起了诸多争议。本文认为要在公司社会责任的理念下阐述公司慈善捐赠行为,首先要分析其本质,然后探讨对公司慈善捐赠立法的必要性以及立法维度。本文分析了公司慈善捐赠的性质、特点和方式,在梳理公司慈善捐赠发展脉络的同时,挖掘我国已有的商主体慈善捐赠的传统。本文通过对国外新近案例进行分析来发掘公司慈善捐赠的不同侧面的问题:决策主体、合理性认定、关联捐赠以及信息披露。希望从公司法、证券法的角度对完善公司慈善捐赠略尽绵薄之力,而不是
3、仅仅停留在对公司社会责任的哲学思辨中。全文分为四章,约 53000 字,主要内容如下:第一章是对公司慈善捐赠的基本概念解析。这一部分首先界定本文的研究对象,并从其内涵、外延入手,对其法律性质进行探讨。其次,通过对比捐赠的不同分类,明确公司慈善捐赠的外延。接着从美国公司慈善捐赠的起源入手,介绍了早期著名案例,在清楚的展示美国慈善捐赠立法演变过程的同时,揭示了美国立法默许董事会权力扩大的本质。结合我国商业发展的过程,力证我国有开展公司慈善捐赠的民间土壤,即商人的善德观,将直接影响公司慈善捐赠的法律规制。第二章是分析公司慈善捐赠与公司社会责任的关系,探究在公司慈善捐赠与公司营利性之间的利益冲突及平衡
4、。结合各国对公司慈善捐赠的界定,阐述我国公司慈善捐赠中“慈善”的认定。第三章是用新近美国案例来探索在公司慈善捐赠的法律机制,涉及四个部3分的内容:第一,决策权属如何认定;第二慈善捐赠的合理性标准;第三,结合独立董事制度来杜绝关联捐赠,第四,探讨信息披露在公司慈善捐赠中的作用。第四章是针对公司慈善捐赠中可能存在的问题提出解决建议。这一部分对我国公司慈善捐赠的现状进行了分析,我国公司慈善捐赠内部治理机制不完善,外部激励不明显,法律法规不健全。本文结合实证分析,从公司法、证券法角度对完善公司慈善捐赠制度提出初步的建议,期望以新角度剖析公司慈善捐赠问题,填补国内公司慈善捐赠研究的空白。关键词 公司慈善
5、捐赠 公司社会责任 公司治理 独立董事 信息披露1Study on Corporate Philanthropy from A Corporate Law Perspective(Abstract)Corporate Philanthropy has a history of 200 years and its main contradiction centers on how to define corporate responsibility. In a traditional society before the concepts of Corporate Responsibility
6、and Corporate Citizenship appeared, Corporate Philanthropy was simply shown by the social expectance that successful entrepreneurs would become philanthropists. With the background of global economic integration, the idea of Corporate Citizenship and the activities of Corporate Philanthropy affect o
7、ur country. Corporate Philanthropy in our country has been newly established and developed fast, but it must be perfected and standardized. There are currently no laws and regulations on this subject in our country. The provision that companies should take social responsibility in our Company Law is
8、 the only legal basis that justifies Corporate Philanthropy in our country. However, the legal status of Corporate Philanthropy in China is not clear, which raises some disputes in corporate governance. This thesis holds that for the purpose of researching Corporate Philanthropy within the idea of C
9、orporate Social Responsibility, the first step is to analyze the nature of Corporate Philanthropy, and the next step is to research the necessity and the extent of the legislation on the above subject. This thesis analyzes the nature, characteristics, and ways of Corporate Philanthropy, sorts out th
10、e main thread of the development of Corporate Philanthropy, and identifies the business philanthropy in our tradition. This thesis explains the need for legislation on Corporate Philanthropy in light of modern corporate theories and explores the different aspects of Corporate Philanthropy by analyzi
11、ng the latest foreign cases, including executive,outside director,affiliated contribution, and the public disclosure of Corporate Philanthropy. The aim is to try to perfect our Corporate Philanthropy Institution from the perspective of Corporate and Securities Law, not merely from the perspective of
12、 the process of thinking philosophically.The thesis consists of four chapters and is 53,000 words in total. 2Chapter 1 analyzes the basic concept of Corporate Philanthropy. Firstly, this part defines the objective of the research, and analyzes the nature and elements of the legal relationships of Co
13、rporate Philanthropy. Next, it compares different classifications of Corporate Philanthropy and describes the scope of Corporate Philanthropy. The part also introduces the history of Corporate Philanthropy, begins with the origin of Corporate Philanthropy and introduces the two most famous early Ame
14、rican cases. While showing the development course of Corporate Philanthropy, this part shows American legislative silence and the enlargement of Managerial Power. This part also tries to find out the native basis of Corporate Philanthropy, that is, businessman moral sense, which directly affects our
15、 regulation of Corporate Philanthropy, from the development of our economy.Chapter 2 analyzes the relationship between Corporate Philanthropy and Corporate Social Responsibility, and researches the conflict of interest between Corporate Philanthropy and Corporate profitable nature. This part also co
16、mpares the scope of Corporate Philanthropy in the laws of many Countries and describes how to define the charitable nature of Corporate Philanthropy.Chapter 3 explores the legal system in Corporate Philanthropy with the latest cases. Part I hereof is on who should have the discretion. Part II hereof
17、 is on the reasonableness of Corporate Philanthropy. Part III hereof concerns the affiliated contribution in respect of outside director. Part IV hereof explores the public disclosures role in Corporate Philanthropy. Chapter 4 makes some recommendations concerning Corporate Philanthropy in our count
18、ry. This part analyzes the current domestic situation of Corporate Philanthropy, that is, corporate governance is defective, outside encouragement is weak, and rules and regulations are nonexistent. This part empirically puts forward some proposals on Corporate and Securities Law and tries to review
19、 Corporate Philanthropy and fill the gap in domestic research.3Key words Corporate Philanthropy CSR Corporate Governance Outside Director Public Disclosure1目 录导 言 .1一、选题缘由及意义 .1二、文献综述 .2三、研究方法和研究结论 .5第一章 公司慈善捐赠概述 .7第一节 公司慈善捐赠的基本概念 .7一、公司慈善捐赠的内涵 .7二、公司慈善捐赠的外延 .9三、公司慈善捐赠的法律性质 .10第二节 公司慈善捐赠的历史沿革 .12一、美
20、国公司慈善捐赠立法 .13二、我国公司慈善捐赠的早期发展 .17第二章 公司社会责任视角下的公司慈善捐赠 .21第一节 公司慈善捐赠与公司社会责任 .21一、公司社会责任的兴起公司慈善捐赠的正当性 .21二、传统经济学理论:与公司慈善捐赠的对峙 .22三、公司目标:在公司营利性基础上进行公司慈善捐赠 .23第二节 公司慈善捐赠的“慈善” 的认定社会责任的体现 .27一、公司慈善捐赠的基本特征 .27二、各国对公司捐赠行为的公益性的判断 .27三、公司慈善捐赠捐赠应该具备“慈善” 的条件 .29第三章 公司慈善捐赠的法律机制设计 .33第一节 公司慈善捐赠的决策主体 .33一、现代美国法的立法默
21、认 .33二、决策权属争议的理论解释:为什么公司法保持沉默 .35三、决策权属的反思:制度回流 .382第二节 公司慈善捐赠的合理性标准 .39一、案例之一数量和目的合理与否 .39二、案例之二商业判断规则关联与否 .40三、合理性标准的反思 .42第三节 关联捐赠之避免董事独立性 .43一、案例之一独立董事席位赢得慷慨捐赠 .43二、案例之二潜在捐赠影响董事独立性 .45三、避免关联捐赠的制度设计 .46第四节 公司慈善捐赠的披露义务 .48一、美国联邦法以及州法中股东获取公司信息的有限权利 .48二、社会责任信息披露的机制设计 .50第四章 我国公司慈善捐赠现状和完善建议 .53第一节 我国公司慈善捐赠的现状分析 .53一、公司慈善捐赠的总体现状 .53二、我国公司慈善捐赠的缺陷 .55第二节 完善我国公司慈善捐赠的法律思考 .57一、我国公司慈善捐赠的决策主体 .57二、我国公司慈善捐赠的合理性标准 .60三、我国公司慈善捐赠的关联捐赠之避免 .61四、我国慈善捐赠之信息披露 .63结 语 .66参考文献 .67在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .74致 谢 .75