1、1硕士学位论文（20 届）论举证时限制度姓 名学 科 、 专 业 诉 讼 法 学 （ 全 日 制 法 律 硕 士 ）研 究 方 向 民 事 诉 讼 法指 导 教 师论文提交日期2论举证时限制度（硕士论文摘要）民事诉讼举证时限制度是证据制度的重要组成部分，它有助于优化我国的民事诉讼证明责任制度以及审限制度，体现了兼顾程序公正与诉讼效率的制度优势。然而，我国长期奉行证据随时提出主义，现行民事诉讼法对举证时限制度更是缺乏明文规定，直到最高人民法院于 2001 年 12 月 21 日颁布了关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定(以下称为证据规定)，举证时限制度才被正式确认下来，但在立法和实践中，存在诸多不足亟待加
2、以完善。本文以民事诉讼举证时限制度为主要研究对象，全面分析现行民事诉讼举证时限制度存在的问题和缺陷，并通过与我国之前的证据随时提出主义的纵向比较，以及和域外相关制度的横向比较，提出进行改进和完善的思路。全文共有五章，主要内容如下。第一章是关于民事诉讼举证时限制度的概述。在第一节中，首先将理论界对举证时限制度的各种定义进行列举，并阐释了笔者对该制度基本概念的理解；第二节介绍了举证时限制度的基本内容，包括证据提出的三种基本模式和举证时限制度设置的类型；第三节明确了举证时限制度的价值，明确其价值才能更好的构建该制度。第二章主要介绍了我国的举证时限制度。第一节对我国举证时限制度的历史沿革进行了介绍，第
3、二节是对证据规定出台前后的立法情况的比较分析。第三章从立法、实践两个方面分析了我国目前举证时限制度存在的主要问题。第一节主要是关于该制度在立法上的缺陷，对证据失权规定的过于严苛，没有答辩失权制度，证据交换制度未落到实处以及简易程序中没有相关规定等都是其不够完善之处；第二节着眼于该制度运用到实践中所产生的一些问题，当事人利用立法的漏洞来规避该制度，使其未能发挥应有的作用。第四章主要是对国外相关制度的比较和借鉴。笔者选取了美国、德国、法国、日本四个国家作为比较对象，对他们的举证时限制度进行介绍，从而对国外的相关制度的构建有了深入的认识，并对他们的特点进行分析归纳，为我国3改革完善该制度提供思路。第
4、五章的内容是完善我国民事诉讼举证时限制度的基本路径。笔者认为应该从五个方面着手完善，首先是对证据失权制度进行改革，通过建立有限失权制度和费用制裁制度使其更加合理；其次要建立完善的审前准备程序，主要从设立强制答辩制度、强化证据交换程序和保障当事人收集证据的权利三个方面着手；再次是对法条中和简易程序相关的部分进行完善，弥补立法上的空白；第四是要正确行使法官的释明权；最后是其他相关制度的完善与建立。关键词 举证时限 证据失权 制度完善 1The Time Limit System of Inducing Evidence in Civil ProcedureABSTRACTBeing an impo
5、rtant component of the evidence system,the time limit system of inducing evidence in civil procedure serves as an essential means of implementing the domestic system of burden of proof and time limit for concluding a trial as well as an important approach to realizing the value of efficient litigati
6、on and due process.Chinas Civil Procedure Law gave no items involving the system of time limit,evidence can be brought forward at any time.In Dec.1.2001,the Supreme Peoples Court issued for enforcement Provisions on Civil Procedure Evidence.In legislation and in practice,several rules still involves
7、 much deficiency and needs further improvement.This thesis focus on the time limit system,analyze the problems and defects of the present time limit system,compare with the instance before this system and the related foreign systems,and put forward the revolution and improvement thoughts from the as
8、pect of system contribution.This thesis is divided into five sections.The first chapter is presents evidence the time limit systems outline about the civil action. In first, first to presents evidence the theorists time limit systems each kind of definition to carry on enumerates, and has explained
9、the author to this system basic concept understanding; The second section introduced presents evidence the time limit systems basic content, proposes three kind of fundamental modes including the evidence and presents evidence the time limit system establishment the type; The third section was clear
10、 has presented evidence the time limit systems value, was clear about its value to be able better construction this system. The second chapter introduces the time limit system of our country.The first section is an overvies of the establishment and development of the system of time limit for inducin
11、g evidence in our country.The second section is about “Evidence Rule“ the legislative situation comparative analysis.The third chapter has presented evidence the time limit system existence at present from two aspect overall analysis our country the subject matter. The first section is mainly about
12、this system in the legislative flaw, loses power the stipulation severely too to the evidence, does not 2have the reply to lose power the system, the evidence exchange system has not landed on feet as well as in the simple procedure has not been related the stipulation and so on to make its person t
13、o denounce; The second section focuses utilizes some questions which in this system in the practice produces, the litigant using the legislative crack dodges this system, presents evidence the time limit system not to play the proper role. The fourth chapter is mainly two big legal system related sy
14、stems comparison and uses for reference to the territory outside. The author selected American, German, French, the Japanese four countries to take the comparison object, presented evidence the time limit system to them to carry on said that thus had the thorough understanding to the overseas relate
15、d systems construction, and carried on the analysis induction to their characteristic, reformed for our country consummates this system to provide the mentality. The fifth chapter the content is consummates our country civil action to present evidence the time limit systems elementary path. The auth
16、or thought that should begin from five aspects to consummate, first is loses power the system to the evidence to carry on the reform, loses power limitedly through the establishment the system and the expense sanction system causes it to be more reasonable; Before next must establish perfectly exami
17、nes, prepares the procedure, mainly from the strengthened evidence exchange procedure, sets up the compulsion reply system and safeguards the litigant to collect the evidence right three aspects to begin; Must exercise judge once more to decipher correctly the power; Fourth is carries on the consumm
18、ation to the law neutral simple procedure related part, in the atonement legislation blank; Finally is other related systems consummation and the establishment.【Key Words】Time Limit System of Inducing Evidence; Losing the Right to Present the Civil Evidence; System Improvement Suggestion1目 录导言第一章 民事
19、诉讼举证时限制度概述 .2第一节 民事诉讼举证时限制度的概念 .2第二节 举证时限制度的基本内容 .3一、证据提出的三种基本模式 .3二、举证时限制度的类型 .4第三节 举证时限制度的价值 .5一、有利于保证程序的公正 .5二、有利于提高诉讼效益 .6三、有利于维持程序安定 .7四、有利于更新诉讼观念 .8第二章 我国举证时限制度概况 .9第一节 基本模式的选择与转换 .9第二节 证据规定出台前后的比较 .10一、 证据规定出台之前 .11二、 证据规定出台之后 .12第三章 我国举证时限制度在立法和实践中存在的问题 .14第一节 举证时限制度的立法缺陷 .15一、证据失权过于严苛 .15二、
20、无答辩失权制度 .152三、证据交换形同虚设 .16四、 证据规定与简易程序相脱节 .17第二节 举证时限制度在实践中的问题 .18一、撤诉后收集好证据重新起诉 .18二、逾期证据在二审中得以采用 .18三、利用再审程序采用新证据 .19四、尽可能多的提出证据材料 .19第四章 域外相关制度比较 .20第一节 国外制度介绍 .20一、美国民事诉讼中的举证时限 .20二、德国民事诉讼中的举证时限 .21三、法国民事诉讼中的举证时限 .22四、日本民事诉讼中的举证时限 .24第二节 国外相关制度的特点 .24一、模式选择上都摒弃了证据随时提出主义 .25二、举证时限制度蕴涵在审前准备程序中 .25
21、三、提出诉讼主张和提出证据同时适用时限 .25四、证据失权制度比较完善 .26第五章 对我国举证时限制度的完善 .26第一节 改革证据失权制度 .27一、建立“有限证据失权”制度 .28二、建立费用制裁制度 .293第二节 完善审前准备程序 .31一、设立强制答辩制度 .31二、强化证据交换程序的作用 .32三、充分保障当事人收集证据权利 .32第三节 确立与简易程序相关的举证期限制度 .34一、对简易程序中的举证问题进行规定 .34二、明确简易程序转为普通程序后的举证时限问题 .34第四节 法官释明权的正确行使 .35第五节 相关制度的完善与建立 .36结 语 .37参考文献 .38在读期间发表的学术论文与研究成果 .41后 记 .42
