1、摘要 美国作家斯蒂芬妮梅尔是 21 世纪杰出的作家， 时代周刊评梅尔为全球最具影响力的 100 名人物之一，并打破 J.K.罗琳所创的记录一举成为当时最畅销作品的作家。作为梅尔的代表作， 暮光之城无疑是最具有代表性的一部作品。大多数评论者主要从女性主义、性别角色、哥特色彩的创新、吸血鬼文化等角度对此作品进行了评论和分析。然而，从“文学伦理学”的角度来解读并分析其小说中的人物的各种关系在学术界仍不多见。文学伦理学是中国学者在借鉴西方伦理批评和中国道德批评的基础上创建的文学批评方法，它是一种从伦理视角阅读、分析、阐释和评价文学的批评方法。本论文对暮光之城所展现的伦理因素从人与社会、人与他人、人与自
2、我三种关系层面进行文学伦理学分析，发掘出斯蒂芬妮梅尔的伦理思想，由此展现斯蒂芬妮梅尔对心中完美的家庭观和忠于内心的爱情观的追求，同时也为该小说提供了一个新的研究方向。关键词 文学伦理学；暮光之城； Abstract Stephanie Meyer, an American novelist, is an outstanding writer in the 21st century. Time magazine named Stephanie Meyer as one of the worlds most influential 100 characters, and she broke the
3、 record of J.K.Rowling became the most popular author of the best-selling book at that time. Twilight, as the representative masterpiece of Stephanie Meyer, which was studied from the aspects of feminist, gender roles, the innovation of Gothic color, the culture of vampire since it was published. Ne
4、vertheless, the few research of Twilight from the aspect of ethical literary criticism. Therefore, this thesis tries to explore the novel from the new angle. Ethical literary criticism is an approach to literary criticism depended on referencing the basis of the western ethical criticism and Chinese
5、 moral criticism. Additionally, this theory is also a criticism method. It analyzed, interpreted and evaluated the literary from the aspect of ethics. This thesis intends to analyze Twilight from the aspects of relationship between human and society, relationship between human and other and the rela
6、tionship between human and self to find out the ethical idea of Stephanie Meyer and exhibit the seeking of the perfect family view and loyal love view in Stephanie Meyers heart.Key Words Ethical Literary Criticism; Twilight; Contents1. Introduction .11.1 Stephanie Meyer and Her Literary Achievements
7、 .11.2 The Summary of the Twilight.11.3 The Research into the Twilight.22. Theoretical Basis and Literature Review .32.1 Theoretical Basis.32.1.1 Ethical Literary Criticism.32.1.2 Twilight and Ethical Literary Criticism.42.2 Literature Review.42.2.1 The Research at Home and Abroad.53. Relationship b
8、etween Human and Society.63.1 A Parallel Society of Human, Vampire and Werewolf.63.2 Family Relationship .73.2.1 Bella however, the ethics always comments on some kinds of moral phenomena and moral standard exist in reality. Thirdly, ethical literary criticism as a literary approach to emphasize lit
9、erature and mostly used in literature study; but ethic is a method of studying the human society. Therefore, ethical literary criticism studies literature within a historical view and ethics studies society in reality.2.1.2 Twilight and Ethical Literary CriticismIn the concrete literary work, the co
10、re of the ethics is the ethical order between human and human, human and society, human and other that were accepted and recognized, as well as the moral ideas which was formed on the basis of this order and the various standard which was to maintain this order. Therefore, in this paper, the ethical
11、 literary criticism between the heroines, human, vampire and werewolf was interpreted. Besides, the relationship between human and society, human and others, and human and self will be discussed.Stephanie Meyer, as an author with a strong sense of ethical responsibility, paid too much concentration
12、on the spiritual state of characters in Twilight. In the literary criticism, ethical literary criticism focuses on analyzing the ethical identity of the character. In the process of reading literary works, we will find that almost all the production of the ethical problems always be associated with
13、ethical identity. Therefore, this paper is aimed at making an interpretation of the Twilight from a new literary perspective by analyzing the relationship of the heroine between human, vampire and werewolf.52.2 Literature ReviewOn the one hand, Twilight is the masterpiece of Stephanie Meyer and brin
14、gs her worldwide reputation. Thus, many people begin to know Stephanie Meyer and studied this novel from various aspects. On the other hand, ethical literature criticism also was popular in the literary as a research method and it is a tendency that too many scholars begin to study novel with this t
15、heory.2.2.1 The Research at Home and AbroadIn China, ethical literary criticism as a new method of literary study has been nationally used by many scholars. Ethical literary criticism was put forward in the essay: 文学伦理学批评：文学批评方法新探索 . This thesis mainly discussed 5 parts: the theoretical basis of eth
16、ical literary criticism methods, the targets of criticism, the contents of criticism, the idea of criticism and literary reasons.（聂珍钊；2004: 1） Professor Nie Zhenzhao also published some essay about this theory. Firstly, 关于文学伦理学批评 ,as a monograph that published in 2005. In this monograph, the author
17、has discussed the ethical literary criticism from a different perspective and the original, methods, contents, and significance of the ethical literary criticism completely.Secondly, 文学伦理学批评与道德批评 was written in 2006 which is mentioned that from the perspective of methodology. Ethical literary critic
18、ism is a criticism method for the study of literary and it is based on the reference and absorption of the ethics method.Over the last decade, there are likewise a lot of other domestic literary authors made a study of ethical literary criticism. The following examples: 2005, Liu Jianjun wrote the t
19、hesis called 文学伦理批评的当下性质 . In 2006, 作为方法论的文学伦理学批评 was published by Wang Songlin.There are some people who have studied Twilight from the view of feminism and the cultural explore of gender roles. Such as Zhang Jingjing wrote an essay called 女性主义视角下的 in 2012, in the meantime, 中女性哥特特征的新世6界was written
20、by Yang Xiaojun. Besides, in 2013, there are three theses were published, which are系列性别角色的文化探讨 of Sun Xiaoli, 青春与成长 解读成长小说 of Ge Yan and中的吸血鬼文化研究of Yu Wenwen. In the western, the vampire culture has lasted a long time. Thus, there are some scholars have studied the Twilight. Clasen thought the myth
21、of the romantic love is: fall in love at first sight; love is the most important relationship. She also found that, based on the popularity of the series, the novel is likely to be the understanding of real love of the readers. (Tricia Clasen; 2009: 28) Additionally, there are some person put the no
22、vel as religious literature; some compared the novel with the religious doctrine of the Mormonism and so on.3. Relationship between Human and SocietyEver since the literature existed, human has been the focus for the literary creation. Therefore, all human beings live in a definite community. Beside
23、s, the painting of human in literary work cannot avoid descriptions of relationships between human and society which also is the basis relationship of the literature. 3.1 A Parallel Society of Human, Vampire and WerewolfIn the entire parallel society, there are three groups: human, vampire and werew
24、olf. On the surface at the beginning of this novel, there was a peaceful world and the human being was live in a stable and harmonious small town. There is no war, no monster and no fight. But everything was broke by the vampire arrival.Bella was a sunshine girl, because she loves the Phoenix, she l
25、oves the sun. Even though she settled down in Forks which is a small rainy town and be an outsider of the new school. The human being society is like the real society, which are the people live in the peaceful world, and there is happiness, sadness, upset. However, when Bella come to Forks as a new
26、arrival, all things is new for her and it is like a new world. 7Looking back, the vampire was hidden in the human world, and they are bloodthirsty species and dangerous species for the human. But, different from the image of traditional, the Cullen family kills no people for their blood-desire. In o
27、rder not to expose their identity, they change their living place in every few decades, and they chose a small town which is rainy, gloomy and cloudy because their body will shiny as long as they under the sun.Besides the human being and vampire, there is another species exist in the parallel world
28、- the werewolf group. As vampire is a dangerous species to human, werewolf is the group to protect human being. The werewolf is the first group arrived in the Forks except the human, so as to that made an arrangement with vampire for protecting human to make sure the vampire do not kill the villager
29、s to satisfied their bloodthirsty and no vampire are allowed to enter the specific places.This parallel society seems to be a peaceful world, but underneath it is full of dangerous and battles. That fictional world seems strange, but it is actually a reflection of the modern world with people of dif
30、ferent interest, harmonious on the surface, scheming against each other off the table.3.2 Family RelationshipIn the context of human society, a family (from Latin: familia) is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity (by recognized birth), affinity (by marriage), or co-residence and/or shared c
31、onsumption (see Nurture kinship). (qtd. in family of Wikipedia) Family is the most important role of the childs development. The functions of the family are enhance the well-being of adolescent development and psychosocial. Consequently, parents play significant roles during the adolescent developme
32、nt period, and father is always be the leader of the family while the mother is viewed as supportive and also is emotional rather than stringent.3.2.1 Bella & Her Human FamilyUnhealthy family relationship relates to negative social relationship, and social communication function and even rebellious act also relates that a family relationship is
