1、 1 主动语态和被动语态 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如： Many people speak English. (谓语 speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的 ) 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。 例如： English is spoken by many people.(主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者 ) 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的
2、是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词 (词组 )作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词 (词组 )作谓语动词的句子。 例如： He opened the door.他开了门。 (主动句 ) The door was opened.门被开了。 (被动句 ) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由 助动词 be及物动词的过去分词 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。 歌诀是：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 S+ am/ is/ are +done English is widely used all over the wor
3、ld. S+ am/ is/ are + not +done They are not invited to the party. Am/ Is/ Are + S+ done? Am I chosen to the game? 一般过去时 S+ was / were +done Books were made by hand in the past. S+ was/ were + not +done It was not used by people. Was / Were S +done Were ideas spread quickly in the past? 一般将来时 S+ will
4、 be +done Books will be replaced by computer in the future. S+ will not be +done Books will not be replaced by computer in the future. Will +S+ be + done? Will books be replaced by computer in the future? 现在完成时 S +has/ have been+ done Thousands of trees have been planted since 2000. S+ has/ have+ no
5、t+ been+ done This car has not been used for long time. Has/ Have + S+ been+ done? Have the books been published yet? 情态动词 S+ can/may/must +be+ done The room must be cleaned twice a week. S+ can/may/must + not+ be+ done His ideas may not be accepted. Can/May/Must +S + be + done? Can the work be done
6、 on time? 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如： the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaran
7、teed.每天 8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 2 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词 ) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式 )。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the
8、 factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾， by 短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动， be 后 过分 来使用。 小试牛刀： 1. Mary can carry out the plan on time。 2.Some one stole our new computers last night. . 3. They elected her leader of the group. 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由 情态动词 be过去分词 构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态
9、后 to仍要保留。 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加 be 加 过分 ，原来带 to 要保留 。 例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 小试牛刀： 【 2011 天津】 Today a lot of information can _ online. A. re
10、ceive B. be received C. is received D. receiving 【 2012 广西贵港】 Waste paper _ everywhere. It s our duty to keep the school clean. A. throws B. are thrown C. shouldnt be thrown D. should be thrown 【 2011 山东聊城】 As everyone knows, rubbish _ everywhere. A. need be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw
11、D. may throw 六、特别留意。 1）主动句中的主语如果是 people， they， somebody等含糊的表示“人或人们”，没有确指执行者是谁，为被动句时，通常省略“ by + 执行者” 。 例 如： The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in. 门被偷偷打开了，但是没有人进来。 2）相当于及物动词的短语动词可用被动语态，但是要注意不能漏掉短语的介词或副词。 例 如： The old should be taken good care of. 要好好照顾老人。 3）在主动句里，不定式在 make， see， hear 等动词后
12、面做宾语补足语时都要不带 to，但变成被动句时，后面的不定式都需要带 to。 例 如： He was made to do that work. 他被要求去做那项工作。 小试牛刀： 【 2011 呼和浩特】 At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 【 2011 山东枣庄】 In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. A. to lock B. wor
13、k C. to work D. lock 3 【 2012 甘肃兰州】 In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care 七、 不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear、 die、 disappear、 end (vi. 结束 )、
14、fail、 happen、 last、 lie、 remain、 sit、 spread、 stand 、 break out、 come true、 fall asleep、 keep silence、 lose heart、 take place. 比较： rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词； raise, seat 是及物动词。 (错 ) The price has been risen. (对 ) The price has risen. (错 ) The price has raised. (对 ) The price has been raised. (错 ) Th
15、e accident was happened last week. (对 ) The accident happened last week. (错 ) Please seat. (对 ) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 小试牛刀： 1、 My dream has . A.came true B. been came true C. come true D.be came true 2、 The meeting will at seven nex
16、t Monday. A.be taken place B. take place C.took place D.taken place 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 例如： This key just fits the lock. Your
17、 story agrees with what had already been heard. 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 例如： It tastes good. 它尝起来很好。 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life 例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是
18、不定式时，很 少用于被动语态。 例如： (对 ) She likes to swim. (错 ) To swim is liked by her. 小试牛刀： 1、 In summer the days longer and the nights shorter. (become,get) 2、 His grandfather has for three years. (die) 3、 This book which I bought last Tuesday me fifty yuan. (cost) 4 单选 【 2011 北京】 1. Many accidents_ by careles
19、s drivers last year. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 【 2011 上海】 2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday. A. is interviewing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed 【 2012 天津】 3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. r
20、eceive B. be received C. is received D. receiving 【 2011 重庆】 4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year. A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted 【 2011 陕西】 5. Driving after drinking wine in China. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed 【 2011 安徽】 6. Dont wo
21、rry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept 【 2012 山东】 7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year. A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. are seen 【 2011 广东】 8. People who drink wine _ to drive afte
22、r May Day. A. dont allow B. isnt allowed C. mustnt allow D. mustnt be allowed 【 2011 江西省 】 9. What happened to Billy? He_ because of his drink-driving. A. is caught B. was caught C. has caught D. had caught 【 2011 河北省】 10. The Spring Festival in January or February. A. celebrates B. is celebrated C.
23、 celebrated D. was celebrated 【 2012 河南省】 11.Soft drinks_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day. A. offer B. have offered C. are offered D. will be offered 【 2011 浙江丽水】 12 A friendly basketball match between teachers and students_ tomorrow afternoon Anybody is welcome A was held
24、B. will be held C is held D. must be held 【 2011 辽宁沈阳】 13. The computer is broken. it today? A. Will; repair B. Has; repaired C. Will; be repaired D. Has; been repaired 【 2011 广西桂林】 14. Many trees and flowers _ in our city every year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plants 【 2011 江苏徐州】
25、16. When will the birthday party _, on Monday evening or Tuesday evening? A. hold B. be held C. held D. be holding 【 2011 内蒙古包头】 17. It will be two days before the decision_. A. has made B. will be made C. was made D. is made. 【 2011 呼和浩特】 18. -Did you go to Jims birthday party？ -No, I . A. havent i
26、nvited B. didnt invite C. am not invited D. wasnt invited 【 2012 呼和浩特】 19. At last the boy was made and began to laugh. A. stop crying B. to to stop to cry C. to stop crying D. stop to cry 【 2011 四川达州】 20. Do you know Lucys grandma? Of course. She is a kind woman, but she has for about a month since
27、 she in the accident. A. been dead; was killed B. died; was killed C. been dead; killed D. died; killed 【 2012 四川广元】 21.English more and more widely (广泛 ) today. So we must learn it well. A. uses B. used C. is used 5 【 2012 四川南充】 22. How many people will_ to your birthday party? Twelve. A. invite B.
28、 be invited C. be inviting 【 2011 四川宜宾】 23.Computers _widely in our daily life. A . use B. used C. were used D. are used 【 2012 广西柳州】 24.Half of the work _ by now. A. has finished B. has been finished C. have been finished 【 2011 湖南岳阳 】 25.Every year lots of trees to make our country more beautiful.
29、 A. is planted B. are planted C. plant 【 2011 湖南益阳】 26. His car was by the police because he drove too fast A. stopping B. stopped C. stop (2011 贵州毕节 )27 He likes reading very much Most of his money on books A is spent B spend C spends D are spent 【 2011 广西梧州】 28. A new cinema _ in our city last yea
30、r. A. built B. was built C. will build D. is built 【 2011 广东深圳】 29. - When should I hand in my paper? Your paper must _ as soon as the bell_ . A. hand in; rings B. hand in; will ring C. be handed in; will ring D. be handed in: rings 【 2011 广西南宁】 30. Trees _ every year to make our city greener. A. pl
31、ant B. are planted C. were planted D. will be planted 【 2011 贵州贵阳】 31. Were very glad to know that a great sports meeting _ in Guiyang this September. A. will hold B. will be held C. will be hold 【 2012 四川雅安】 32. A lot of trees _ on the hill yesterday. A. are planted B. will be planted C. have been
32、planted D. were planted 【 2012 山东枣庄】 33. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. A. to lock B. work C. to work D. lock 【 2011 山东滨州】 34. The Taiwan spotted deer, Fan Xing and Dian Dian, _ to the Chinese mainland on April 16, 2011. A have sent B were sending C were sent D had sent 【 2011 山
33、东济宁】 35. China has offered much help to Japan since it _ by the earthquake and tsunami A. hits B. is hit C. was hit D. will be hit 【 2011 四川乐山】 36. Who is that little boy in the photo, Oscar? Oh, its me! It _ when I was five years old. A. was taken B. took C. was taking 【 2011 浙江台州】 37. How often do
34、 I need to feed the bird? They food every day, or they will be hungry. A. must give B. mustnt give C. must be given D. mustnt be give 【 2012 浙江宁波】 38. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _. A. save B. saved C. are saved D. were saved 【 2011 广西广安】 40. How clean and tidy your
35、bedroom is! Thank you. It every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. was cleaned 【 2011 甘肃兰州】 41. In many places in China, the old over 90 not only by their family but also by the government. 6 A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care 【 2012江苏南京】 4
36、2.Its reported that Nanjing South Railway Station _at the end of this month. A. has been completed B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed 【 2011 广东 肇庆 】 43. - Your classroom is very clean. - Yes, it _ every day. A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning 【 2011.广西北海】 44. When _ the car _
37、? Sorry. I dont know. A. does; invent B. did; invent C. was; invent D. was; inventing 【 2011.海南三亚】 45. Yuan Longping, a great person in China, _as father of hybrid rice A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards 【 2012.广东梅州】 46. The boss made him work 14 hours a day. That means, he _
38、work 14 hours a day. A. was made B. made C. was making D. was made to 【 2011 广东佛山】 47. The Chinese Culture Day in New York City on April 20th , 2011. A. celebrated B. is celebrated C. was celebrated 【 2011 重庆江津】 50.The sick girl to hospital by her mother yesterday. A. is taken B. takes C. took D. wa
39、s taken 完成句子。 1、伦敦奥运会于 2012 年举行。 The Olympic Games in London in 2012. 2、这种相机不再生产了。 This kind of camera is . 3、来访者登记后方可进入学校。 Visitors into the school before the form is filled in. 4、学生的作业必须按时上交。 Students homework on time. 5、废纸和废瓶可以收集起来回收在用。 Waste paper and waste bottles can . 6、城市的树木不应该被砍伐。 The trees
40、 in cities . 7、她的钱包昨天被盗了。 Her purse yesterday. 8、对父母说话应该有礼貌。 The parents should 。 9、这些衣服需要洗了。 The clothes 。 10、这辆公共汽车必须 马上修理。 This bus on once. 把下列句子改成被动语态。 1. Someone wounded his arm. 2. They blew a big hole in the wall. 7 3. He told the story in a pleasant and interesting way. 4. The child broke t
41、he window. His mother will certainly scold him. 5. You should teach children to speak/tell the truth. 6. You should leave bicycle at parking lots so as not to block the traffic. 7. I have repaired the recorder several times. 8. I have finished the work. 9. I saw him push a bike out of the house. 10.
42、 They are making this type of radios in shanghai. 1-5 BDBCD 6-10 CDDBB 11-15 CBCBB 16-20 BDDCA 21-25 CBDBB 26-30 BABDB 31-35 BDCCC 36-40 ACDBB 1 was held 2 not made any more/ no longer made / not produced any more. 3 arent allowed to come 4 must be handed in 5 be collected for recycling 6 should not
43、 be cut down 7 was stolen 8、 be spoken to politely。 9 need to be washed/ need washing 8 10/must be repaired / mended / fixed 1. His arm was wounded. 2. A big hole was blown in the wall. 3. This story was told in a pleasant and interesting way. 4. The window was broken by the child; he will certainly be scolded. 5. Children should be taught to speak / tell the truth. 6. Bicycles should be left at parking lots so as not to block the traffic. 7. The recorder has been repaired several times. 8. The work has been finished. 9. He was seen to push a bike out of the house. 10. This ty
