1、 1 语法考点之一 ：虚拟语气 考点 1. If 从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反： 从句 sb had done，主句 sb would(should, could, might)+ have done； 2、 省略 if，从句的语序用到装，即将 were, had 或 should 移至主语的前面，但否定词 not 不前移。 3、与将来事实相反：从句 sb did (should+do 或 were+to do)，主句 sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句 ： 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的 时间段。 比如： 从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在
2、虚拟，即 从句 sb had done，主句 sb would(should, could, might)+do； 考点 2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand 引导的从句及 it 引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（ should)+动词原形。 考点 3： It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible 等从句，谓语用（ should） +动词原形。 考点
3、 4： it is (high/about) time that 的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如 : 考点 5： much as“尽管，虽然 “引导让步状语从句，从句中用 would have done 表示假设。 考点 6： if only, wish, as if/as though 引导从句， 与过去事实相反： had + done； 与现在事实相反：动词过去式； 与将来事实相反： could/would + do 考点 7： would rather/sooner 从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点 8： lest / for fear that+
4、(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二 ： 情态动词 *情态动词 : will（愿意） , shall（将） , must（必须） , can, may, would, should (应该 ), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常） , need（需要） , dare（竟敢）， have to（不 得不） 考试中，情态动词部分重点测试 以下内容： （ 1）情态动词 +行为动词完成式（表示推测） （ 2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点 1. 情态动词 have过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done 表示推测过去某事 “一定 ”发生
5、了。否定形式为： cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done 表示推测过去某动作 “很可能 ”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事 “也许 ”发生了 . (4) ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done 用于对已发生的情况表示 “责备 ”、 “不满 ”，分别表示 “本应该 ” 和 “本不应该 ” (5) neednt have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为 “本没必要 ”
6、。 *did not need to do 动作并没发生。 2 考点 2. 特殊用法 (1) should 表示惊讶 1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking (2) Cant but + V.,表示不得不，与 have to 同义。 Cant help +Ving 忍不住。 (3) cannot to
7、o / enough 表示 “无论怎么 也不算过分 ”、 “越 越好 ” (4) may/ might as well + 动词原形 ”意为 “最好，满可以，倒不如 ”，相当于 had better (5) may well + 动词原形 ”，意为 “（完全）能，很可能 ” (6) may as well as 还是 好了 语法考点之三 ：非谓语动词 考点 1：不定式 (1) 考察哪些动词接不定式； (2) 考察哪些短语接不带 to 的不定式； Had better/had best Would rather/would rather than/rather than/would sooner
8、/would soonerthan Cannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than Why 引导的疑问句 (3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态： 进行式 to be doing, 完成式 to have done; 一般式被动语态 to be done; 完成式被动语态 to have been done。 另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思； 考点 2：动名词 (1) 常接动名词做宾语的词： mind(介意 ), miss(逃过 ), mention(提及 ), prevent, postpon
9、e, practice, risk(冒险 ), resist(抵制 ), consider(考虑 ), admit(承认 ), avoid(避免 ), appreciate(感激 ), fancy(幻想 ), finish(完成 )， feel like(喜欢 ), escape(逃脱 ), ensure(确保 ) , delay(延迟 ), deny(否认 ), resent, detest, imagine(想象 ), suggest(建议 ) (2) 介词后的 ing： prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止 做 spend/waste time
10、/money in doing 在做 方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱； how /what about doing sth 做 怎么样了？ Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在 方面有些困难； There is no sense in doing (做 是没有理由的 ) Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth 因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人 (3) 接动名词做介词 to 的宾语： apply oneself to 致力于； be accustomed to 习惯于；
11、 confess to 供认； come to 谈到； devote oneself to 献身于；get down to 着手做； give way to 对 让步； lead to 导致； look forward to 期待； next to 几乎； object to 反对；pay attention to 注意； stick to 坚持； stand up to 勇敢面对； turn to 求助于； be used to 习惯于 考点 3：分词 (1)从语态上看， 现在分词一般表主动， 过去分词一般表被动； (2)从时态上看， 现在分词表示进行， 3 过去分词表示过去。 如果分词动作
12、发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。 （ 3）现在 分词的否定形式是 not 放在分词之前。 *非谓语动词解题三步曲 ： 一、首先确定主句； 二、分析主动被动； 三、分析动作先后 1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall 2. “The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer“ has all th
13、e following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009 A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents. C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents. 3. _ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking
14、B. looked C. Being looked D. to look 4. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill- A. being treated B. treated 5. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket fo
15、r the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then
16、to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考点 4： 独立主格 （句
17、中没有连接词， 逗号分开两个句子， 存在两个主语。 形式：名词 /代词分词）。 (1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的 “主语 ”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因 (2) 介词（ with） +名词 +形容词 /副词 +分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明 1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003 4 A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _, the celebration w
18、ill be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since
19、C. Being D. There being 5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being 6. The tape recorder_ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 语法考点之四 ：定语从句
20、 关系代词： which（指 sth 作主语或宾语）， that（指 sb或 sth 作主语或宾语）， who（指 sb 作主语或宾语），whom（指 sb 作宾语）， whose（指 sb 或 sth，作定语） ,as（指 sb,sth 作主语或宾语） ; 做宾语的时候， 关系代词可以省略。 关系副词： when（指时间 on which）， where（指地点 at which）， why（指原因 for which） 考点 1. 先行词为人时引导词 who 和 that (1) 只能用 who 不用 that： 1)当先行词 为 one(s), anyone, those 时； 2)当先
21、行词为人称代词时。 (2) 只能用 that 不用 who： 1)当主句已经出现 who 时。 2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考 点 2. 先行词为物时引导词 that 和 which (1) 只能用 that 不用 which： 1)先行词为 much, little, few, nothing, none, anything,
22、 no, all 等不定代词。 2）先行词既有人又有物。 3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。 4）先行词被 the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no 等修饰。 5）关系代词在从句中作表语。 6) 在疑问词 who、 which、 what 开头的句子中。 7) 主句是 there be 句型。 5 1. I was very interested in _ she told me.2009 A. all that B. all which C. all what D. That 2. There is no one i
23、n the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes D. that sometimes makes mistakes (2) 只能用 which 不用 that: 1) 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用 which; We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用 which,其先行词可是一个词 , 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1. The
24、y overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had not expected. 2003 A. which B. it C. that D. what 2. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _should make great differences in our life next summer.2002 A. which B. what C. tha
25、t D. They 考点 3：介词 +关系代词 (which/ whom) (1) 关系代词前介词的确定方法： 定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。 1. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006 A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which 2. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city _.1999 A. Id most like to visit B. which
26、I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit 3.I have never been to London, but that is the city _.1997 A. where I like to visit most B. Id most like to visit. C. which I like to visit mostly D. where Id like most to visit (2) Whose 从句 1. Above the trees are the hills, _
27、magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003 A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which 考点 4：关系副词的运用 先行词为 “时间的名词 ”用 when 1. She remembered several occasions in the past _she had experienced a similar feeling.1998 A. which B. before C. that D. when 6 先行词为 “表示地点的名词 ”用 where 1. Have you e
28、ver been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002 A. by which B. that C. in where D. Where 先行词为 “表示原因的名词 ”why： reason why （表示原因的名词只有一个） 考点 5： as 与 which 引导的定语从句 as 放在句首句中都可以， which 必需放在句中，但下列情况多用 as: 1) 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As is known to everybody, the moon
29、 travels round the earth once every month. 2) 当与 such as 或 the same 连用时，一般用 as。 3) as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致， which 无此限制： He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出国了，正如大家预料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。 (不用 as) 1. Only take these clothes _really necessary.1994 A. as were B. a
30、s they are C. as they were D. as are 2. _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994 A. That B. It C. This D. As 注意： 定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应 该与它的先行词保持一致。 He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is the onl
31、y one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊 ) 语法考点之五：状语从句 考点 1：时间状语从句 连接词 ： when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner .than hardlywhen 等 (1) whenever 1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997) A. you are convenient B. you will
32、be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you (2) No sooner than/ hardly .when/ scarcely.when 一 .就 .用于句首要求倒装 1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left.2009 A. when B. as C. until D. Than 考点 2：条件状语从句 连接词： if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（条件
33、是）， as (so) far as (据 .所知 ), provided that（要是，如果）， in case(假使，如果 )， only if（只有）等 only if 只有 1._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region.2004 A. Only if, will 7 unless 除非 1. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security.1996 A. lest B. in case C. unless D.
34、other than 2. _ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995 A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 考点 3：原因状语从句 连接词： Because, since, as (放句首 ) , for, now that(既然，由于） , when(既然 ), considering that（顾及到 -） , seeing that（由于） ， in that 因为 , 既然 1. Men differ from animals _ they can th
35、ink and speak.2008 A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which 2. Barry has an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. (2001) A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that 考点 4：让步状语从句 连接词 :though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while 等引导。 (1) while 尽管 1. _
36、I sympathize, I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. 2001 A. as long as B. as C. while D. even (2) as/though 引导让步状从倒装 As/though 引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到 as 前面。 Try again as / though he will, he cant succeed. 此时应注意： 一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词； Child as / though he is,
37、he knows much about the society. 二、若提前的是动词原形 (多为不及物动词 )，与之连用的通常是 may, might, will, would 等，这些词都要保留在原来的位置上 (主语后 )。 Swim as / though he can, he cant swim so far. 三、 as 引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装， though 引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装， although 引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。 四、让步状语从句中，有 though， although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。 1. Fo
38、ol _ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2010/2002 A. who B. as C. like D. that 2. _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005 A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist 8 Even if 即使，让步 (3) much as 虽然，尽管 1
39、. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.2008 A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much 2. _I like economics I like sociology much better.2003 A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as 3. _ he needed money for a new car,
40、he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. though much (4) for all+n 尽管 1. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. Ho
41、wever his notable contributions (5) however+adj./adv. 1. _ he always tries his best to complete it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 考点 5：地点状语从句 : where/ wherever （ wherever - 无论哪里） 考点聚焦：地点状语从句和 where 定语从句的区别
42、： Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。 考点 6：方式状语从句 1. She did her work _her manager had instructed. 2002 A. as B. until C. when D. though 考点 7：结果状语从句 连接词： so that (=in order to), so that, suchthat （太 以至于） (1) so much so that 到这样程度以致 1. -Does Alan like limburgers?2003 -Yes. So much _
43、 that he eats them every day. A. for B. as C. to D. so (2) such that 达到这样的程度以致 1. The brilliance of his satires was _make even his victims laugh. 1996 A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 考点 8：目的状语从句 连接词： so that, in order that, for fear that（为了防止） , lest（以防） 1. Loudspeakers were fixed
44、in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006 A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have 语法考点之六：名词从句 一、常见考点： 9 考点 1：主语从句 (1) that 引导主语从句句型： that 引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用 it 作形式主语置于句首，而将 that 引导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型： 1) It is +过去分词 + that 从句： It is reported th
45、at It is believed that It is generally thought that It should be noted that It has been found that It must be pointed out that 同样可用的动词还有 : say, expect, know, estimate, forecast 2) It is +形容词 + that 从句： It is clear that It is likely that It is pos sible that It is natural that It is certain that It i
46、s strange that It is fortunate that It is necessary that 3) It is +名词短语 + that 从句： It is a pity that It is a fact that It is good news that It is a good thing that It is no wonder that It is a shame that It is an honor that It is common knowledge that It is my belief that It is a miracle that 4) It +不及物动词 +that 从句： It seems that; It follows that; It happens that; It turns
